Genetic diversity and fruit morphological characteristics of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) in the prefecture of Arcadia, Greece

This work investigated the genetic diversity of 134 Castanea sativa Mill. accessions present in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna. Samples were taken from three collection fields (Granaglione, Zocca and Paloneta) in the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines. The accessions were analyzed by using 16 microsatellite markers (SSR). Genetic distances among accessions, calculated through the DICE coefficient, were used to construct an UPGMA cluster analysis. One major genotype (named “Marroni”) was identified across the three investigated collection fields; this variety corresponds to a sweet chestnut cultivar that has been propagated and widely diffused in the Emilia-Romagna region. Other genotypes were represented by different varieties of Italian chestnuts. The results of this study will be used to define and share guidelines for the characterization and varietal certification of the chestnut varieties in the Emilia-Romagna region.

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Assessment of genetic diversity and genetic relationships among seven chilean chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) populations using isozymes and RAPD markers

Ciencia & Investigación Forestal ◽

10.52904/0718-4646.2008.97 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 135-147

Author(s):

Verónica Francisca Loewe Muñoz ◽

Claudia Mattioni ◽

Marta Paola González Ortega ◽

M. Cherubini ◽

Paola Pollegioni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

Castanea Sativa ◽

Castanea Sativa Mill ◽

Siglo Xix ◽

Para Determinar

Se utiliza isoenzimas y marcadores moleculares (RAPD) para estimar la variabilidad genética de 7 poblaciones chilenas de castaño (Castanea sativa Mill.) propagadas por semilla. De 17 loci isoenzimáticos analizados se detectaron 41 alelos; 4 partidores RAPDs generaron 37 marcadores. Se detectó una baja variabilidad genética dentro de las poblaciones usando isoenzimas (FIS=0,027) y marcadores RAPD (Hs=0,02). Aunque la distancia geográfica entre las poblaciones es considerable, la diferenciación entre ellas no es alta: Gst = 0,095 para RAPD y Fst = 0,101 para las isoenzimas. No se estimaron desviaciones para ley de equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg, aún cuando estas poblaciones habían estado sometidas a presiones de selección y habían sido introducidas a Chile recientemente, probablemente durante el siglo XIX con la llegada de emigrantes europeos. El análisis UPGMA basado en el índice de distancia genética de Nei e incluyendo información de isoenzimas estudiados previamente en poblaciones europeas, sugieren a Portugal como el posible centro de origen de las poblaciones chilenas de castaño. La información generada representa una importante contribución a los silvicultores y autoridades locales para determinar un apropiado manejo del castaño, que combine aspectos de productividad con otros de conservación, economía y ecología.

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High admixture between forest an cultivated chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) in France

10.1101/792259 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cathy Bouffartigue ◽

Sandrine Debille ◽

Olivier Fabreguette ◽

Ana Ramos Cabrer ◽

Santiago Pereira-Lorenzo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Structure ◽

A Priori ◽

Castanea Sativa ◽

North West ◽

European Chestnut ◽

Last Glaciation ◽

Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽

Castanea Sativa Mill ◽

Significant Structure

ABSTRACTContextRenewed interest in European chestnut in France is focused on finding locally adapted populations partially resistant to ink disease and identifying local landraces.AimsWe genotyped trees to assess (i) the genetic diversity of wild and cultivated chestnut across most of its range in France, (ii) their genetic structure, notably in relation with the sampled regions, and (iii) relations with its neighbors in Spain and Italy.MethodsA total of 693 trees in 16 sampling regions in France were genotyped at 24 SSRs, and 1,401 trees in 17 sampling regions at 13 SSRs.ResultsGenetic diversity was high in most sampling regions, with redundancy between them. No significant differentiation was found between wild and cultivated chestnut. A genetic structure analysis with no a priori information found a low, yet significant structure, and identified two clusters. One cluster gathers trees from south-east France and Corsica (RPP1) and another cluster gathers trees from all other sampled regions (RPP2). A substructure was detected at 13 SSRs suggesting differentiation within both RPP1 and RPP2. RPP1 was split between south-east France and Corsica. RPP2 was split between north-west France, Aveyron, Pyrenees and a last cluster gathering individuals from several other regions.ConclusionThe genetic structure within and between our sampling regions is likely the result of natural events (recolonization after the last glaciation) and human activities (migration and exchanges). Notably, we provide evidence for a common origin of most French and Iberian chestnut trees, except those from south-east France that were associated with the Italian gene pool. This advances our knowledge of chestnut genetic diversity and structure, will benefit conservation and help our local partners’ valorization efforts.

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Short communication: Functional genetic diversity of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) populations from southern Spain

Forest Systems ◽

10.5424/fs/2017263-11547 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. eSC06 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

María I. Cuestas ◽

Claudia Mattioni ◽

Luis M. Martín ◽

Enrique Vargas-Osuna ◽

Marcello Cherubini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Expressed Sequence Tag ◽

Castanea Sativa ◽

Southern Spain ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Bud Burst ◽

Castanea Sativa Mill ◽

Adaptive Genetic Variability ◽

Expressed Sequence ◽

Simple Sequence

Aim of the study: To evaluate the adaptive genetic variability of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) populations from southern Spain in relation to bud burst and water stress.Area of study: Andalusia (southern Spain) where many chestnut groves were progressively abandoned and have become ‘naturalized’.Material and methods: A total of 126 chestnut trees from eight populations were assessed by means of nine genic microsatellite loci (expressed sequence tag simple sequence repeat markers) related to bud burst and water stress.Main results: Significant differences in genetic diversity were detected within and among populations, not found with neutral microsatellite markers. The structure analysis indicated the presence of two different gene pools.Research highlights: These results could contribute to the development of conservation strategies for this species in southern areas exposed to the effects of climate change. The genetic diversity of these populations could be useful in minimizing this risk and other predictable factors related to global change.

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Tannins from Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) leaves and fruits show promising in vitro antiinflammatory properties in gastric epithelial cells

10.1055/s-0039-3400094 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

S Piazza ◽

E Sangiovanni ◽

U Vrhovsek ◽

M Fumagalli ◽

S Khalilpour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Castanea Sativa ◽

Gastric Epithelial Cells ◽

Castanea Sativa Mill

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Extraction Methods and Their Influence on Yield When Extracting Thermo-Vacuum-Modified Chestnut Wood

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12010073 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 73

Author(s):

Maurizio D’Auria ◽

Marisabel Mecca ◽

Maria Roberta Bruno ◽

Luigi Todaro

Keyword(s):

Catalyst Support ◽

Castanea Sativa ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Extraction Technique ◽

Extraction Techniques ◽

Surface Color ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Castanea Sativa Mill ◽

Molybdenum Catalysts ◽

Chestnut Wood

Improvements in the yield and solubility of chestnut wood extractives, by using different extraction methods and molybdenum catalysts as support, have rarely been reported in literature. Many studies focus on the different parts of trees, except for the chemical characteristics of the remaining extractives achieved from thermally modified (THM) chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill) wood. This research seeks to better understand the effects of extraction techniques and catalysts on the yield and solubility of extractives. GC-MS analysis of the chloroform soluble and insoluble fractions was also used. Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) 110 °C, Soxhlet, and autoclave extraction techniques were used to obtain extractives from untreated and thermally modified (THM) chestnut wood (170 °C for 3 h). Ethanol/H2O, ethanol/toluene, and water were the solvents used for each technique. A polyoxometalate compound (H3PMo12O40) and MoO3 supported on silica were used as catalysts. The THM induced a change in the wood’s surface color (ΔE = 21.5) and an increase in mass loss (5.9%), while the equilibrium moisture content (EMC) was reduced by 17.4% compared to the control wood. The yields of the extractives and their solubility were always higher in THM and mainly used ASE as the technique. GC-MS analysis of the extractives, without catalyst support, showed different results for each extraction technique and type of wood (untreated and THM). Ultimately, the amount of extractive compound dissolved in each solvent will differ, and the choice of extraction technique will depend on the intended final application of the extracted chemical product.

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Efficient Protocol for Improving the Development of Cryopreserved Embryonic Axes of Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) by Encapsulation–Vitrification

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10020231 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 231

Author(s):

Mariam Gaidamashvili ◽

Eka Khurtsidze ◽

Tamari Kutchava ◽

Maurizio Lambardi ◽

Carla Benelli

Keyword(s):

Activated Charcoal ◽

Castanea Sativa ◽

Alginate Beads ◽

Embryonic Axes ◽

Root Regrowth ◽

Castanea Sativa Mill ◽

Whole Plants ◽

Long Term Preservation ◽

Direct Immersion

An optimized cryopreservation protocol for embryonic axes (EAs) of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) has been developed based on the encapsulation–vitrification procedure. EAs of mature seeds were aseptically dissected and encapsulated in alginate beads with or without 0.3% (w/v) activated charcoal (AC). Embedded EAs were dehydrated with Plant Vitrification Solution 2 for different treatment times up to 120 min, followed by direct immersion in liquid nitrogen. Cryopreserved embryonic axes encapsulated with AC showed higher survival (70%) compared to those encapsulated without AC (50%). Sixty-four percent of embryonic axes, from synthetic seeds with AC, subsequently developed as whole plants. Plantlet regrowth was faster in AC-encapsulated EAs and showed enhanced postcryopreservation shoot and root regrowth over 2 cm after five weeks from rewarming. Results indicate that encapsulation–vitrification with activated charcoal added to the beads is an effective method for the long-term preservation of Castaneasativa embryonic axes.

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Zeolite and Vermiculite as Inorganic Soil Amendments Modify Shoot-Root Allocation, Mineral Nutrition, Photosystem II Activity and Gas Exchange Parameters of Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill) Plants

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11010109 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 109

Author(s):

Theocharis Chatzistathis ◽

Evgenia Papaioannou ◽

Anastasia Giannakoula ◽

Ioannis E. Papadakis

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Management ◽

Soil Amendments ◽

Castanea Sativa ◽

Gas Exchange Parameters ◽

Soil P ◽

Fertilization Rates ◽

Sustainable Nutrient Management ◽

Castanea Sativa Mill ◽

High Fertilization ◽

Exchange Parameters

One of the most challenging topics for the sustainable agriculture is how to decrease high fertilization rates. A pot experiment, exploring the effects of zeolite (ZEO) and/or vermiculite (VER) as soil amendments, comparing to the soil application of a controlled release fertilizer (CRF), was realized in chestnut plants. Various parameters related to soil fertility, and plant growth, nutrition, and physiology were investigated to gain knowledge towards more sustainable management. After ZEO application and in comparison to CRF, an impressive boost in soil K was achieved. Moreover, soil P and Zn levels were higher in the VER-treated soil, compared to CRF. Leaf K and Ca concentrations were significantly higher in ZEO, compared to the VER treatment; the highest foliar N and Zn concentrations were measured in CRF and VER, respectively. However, significantly lower foliar Mn and Cu were found in VER. The highest root biomass produced in the ZEO treated plants. For most nutrients, their total uptake per plant was higher in CRF and ZEO. Finally, photosynthetic rates were higher in VER (mainly due to non-stomatal factors) and CRF (mainly due to stomatal factors). Our data open a discussion towards the application of ZEO and/or VER as soil amendments in chestnut nurseries and orchards, aiming at partially decreasing fertilization rates and boosting sustainable nutrient management.

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