scholarly journals Methodology to Study Behavioral Aggression Due to the Impact of Television Programs

2015 ◽  
pp. 8-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurii Havrylets ◽  
Volodymyr Rizun ◽  
Sergii Tukaiev ◽  
Mykola Makarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Media Effects ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Television Programs ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact

The problem of violence on television and its impact on behavioural aggression of the audience occupies a leading position in media effects studies. The main objective of the study was to explore the available methodology used by scientists in the United States and in the European Union to explore the behavioural aggression due to the impact of television programs. Through the classification of findings of the television-induced aggression empirical studies, the methodological framework of the main research methods in this field was formulated. This structure contains two basic types of research methods. First one studies the media-induced aggressive behaviour (using observation and fixing of aggression acts); second one explores the media impact on viewers’ aggressive inclinations. The latter type of techniques does not deal with the behaviour, but only with the ability to act aggressively, and with its help the researcher can only make inference about the likelihood of aggressive actions in the future. Thus, an empirical study of aggressive behaviour is in many aspects more complicated, but this approach allows obtaining more statistically significant data. Instead of that, evaluating aggressive inclinations enables accumulating a large amount of raw (unprocessed) data in faster and easier way. Results / findings. The first attempt was made to systemize all the methods of the TV-induced aggression studies, used by the U.S. and the EU scientists in their respective explorations. Special emphasis was made on the usage of the psycho-physiological measurements in the experimental research of the TV violence impact. It was found that due to the lack of sufficient veracity in the estimation of the impact of long-term media effects, the methods of fixing the short-term effects prevail in the majority of respective studies. Our further studies in this respect will be concentrated on the problematic of formation of aggressive tendencies under the influence of television programs in the long run.

scholarly journals AN INTERVIEW WITH FRANCO MODIGLIANI

2000 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Barnett ◽  
Robert Solow
Keyword(s):  
Federal Reserve ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Board Of Governors ◽  
Espresso Coffee ◽  
Investment Capital ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Franco Modigliani's contributions in economics and finance have transformed both fields. Although many other major contributions in those fields have come and gone, Modigliani's contributions seem to grow in importance with time. His famous 1944 article on liquidity preference has not only remained required reading for generations of Keynesian economists but has become part of the vocabulary of all economists. The implications of the life-cycle hypothesis of consumption and saving provided the primary motivation for the incorporation of finite lifetime models into macroeconomics and had a seminal role in the growth in macroeconomics of the overlapping generations approach to modeling of Allais, Samuelson, and Diamond. Modigliani and Miller's work on the cost of capital transformed corporate finance and deeply influenced subsequent research on investment, capital asset pricing, and recent research on derivatives. Modigliani received the Nobel Memorial Prize for Economics in 1985.In macroeconomic policy, Modigliani has remained influential on two continents. In the United States, he played a central role in the creation of a the Federal Reserve System's large-scale quarterly macroeconometric model, and he frequently participated in the semiannual meetings of academic consultants to the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System in Washington, D.C. His visibility in European policy matters is most evident in Italy, where nearly everyone seems to know him as a celebrity, from his frequent appearances in the media. In the rest of Europe, his visibility has been enhanced by his publication, with a group of distinguished European and American economists, of “An Economists' Manifesto on Unemployment in the European Union,” which was signed by a number of famous economists and endorsed by several others.This interview was conducted in two parts on different dates in two different locations, and later unified. The initial interview was conducted by Robert Solow at Modigliani's vacation home in Martha's Vineyard. Following the transcription of the tape from that interview, the rest of the interview was conducted by William Barnett in Modigliani's apartment on the top floor of a high-rise building overlooking the Charles River near Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Those concluding parts of the interview in Cambridge continued for the two days of November 5–6, 1999 with breaks for lunch and for the excellent espresso coffee prepared by Modigliani in an elaborate machine that would be owned only by someone who takes fine coffee seriously.Although the impact that Modigliani has had on the economics and finance professions is clear to all members of those professions, only his students can understand the inspiration that he has provided to them. However, that may have been adequately reflected by Robert Shiller at Yale University in correspondence regarding this interview, when he referred to Modigliani as: “my hero.”

‘The BP is a great British company’: The discursive transformation of an environmental disaster into a national economic problem

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-127
Author(s):  
Rahel Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Research Question ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Underlying Assumption ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Media

In the contemporary globalized economy, multinational companies have come to hold considerable power that may previously have rested with nation states. However, state structures remain relevant. With Brexit, the year 2016 featured an exemplary case in which the ongoing importance of nation states came to the fore. Preceding the British referendum to exit the European Union (EU), discourses of national identity were deployed to promote a vote for the anti-globalization campaign. It is against this background that this research investigates how the relationship between multinational corporations and nation states is constructed in news discourse. The underlying assumption is that news actively construct rather than merely reflects the nature of this relationship. Drawing on Social Actor Analysis and Transitivity as a theoretical framework, this study examines news coverage of the BP oil spill that occurred in the United States in 2010 but was caused by a multinational company headquartered in the United Kingdom. The main research question is ‘How does the media establish a link between multinational corporations and nation states?’. To address this central question, this study investigates how (1) corporate responsibility is assigned, (2) the role of the nation state is portrayed and (3) victim status is allocated in the news. Findings show that the nature of the problem is constructed differently according to diverging national interests or priorities of the two nations represented by the media sources analyzed. The study indicates that the discourse around British nationality emphasized in the political struggle around Brexit was already mobilized extensively in the years leading up to the referendum.

scholarly journals Sustainability of micro-enterprises in the digital economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 06008
Author(s):  
Oksana Mukhoryanova ◽  
Larisa Kuleshova ◽  
Nina Rusakova ◽  
Olga Mirgorodskaya
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Traditional Industry ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Micro Enterprises

This paper aims at investigating the predisposition leading to the sustainability of micro-enterprises in the digital economy, especially the sharing economy. This area represents a new field since the research of the impact of the sharing economy on small enterprises is still in its infancy. We study the role of the entrepreneurial approach and entrepreneurial philosophy of the small business with regard to the digitalization and the sustainable development and growth using examples from the European Union and the United States. Some common features and trends are derived and the outcomes are discussed. Our results point at the fact that by creating an economy for micro-entrepreneurs, the sharing economy thrives on traditional industry disrupted by technology. Since micro-enterprises constitute a backbone of the economy in many developed and developing countries, more research is required to shed the light of the sustainable development of these types of enterprises in the globalized and digitalized world.

scholarly journals UNWTO World Tourism Barometer and Statistical Annex, October 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
International Travel ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Tourist ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Slow Virus ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Main Barrier ◽  
The Impact

International travel plunges 70% in the first eight months of 2020 International tourist arrivals (overnight visitors) declined 70% in the first eight months of 2020 over the same period of last year, amid global travel restrictions including many borders fully closed, to contain the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. International arrivals plunged 81% in July and 79% in August, traditionally the two busiest months of the year and the peak of the Northern Hemisphere summer season. Despite such large declines, this represents a relative improvement over the 90% or greater decreases of the previous months, as some destinations started to reopen to international tourism, mostly in the European Union. The decline in January-August 2020 represents 700 million fewer international tourist arrivals compared to the same period in 2019, and translates into a loss of US$ 730 billion in export revenues from international tourism, more than 8 times the loss in 2009 under the impact of the global economic crisis. Asia and the Pacific, the first region to suffer the impact of the pandemic, saw a 79% decrease in arrivals in January-August 2020. Africa and the Middle East both recorded a 69% drop this eight-month period, while Europe saw a 68% decline and the Americas 65%. Data on international tourism expenditure continues to reflect very weak demand for outbound travel, though in several large markets such as the United States, Germany and Italy there is a small uptick in spending in the months of July and August. Based on latest trends, a 75% decrease in international arrivals is estimated for the month of September and a drop of close to 70% for the whole of 2020. While demand for international travel remains subdued, domestic tourism is strengthening recovery in several large markets such as China and Russia. The UNWTO Confidence Index continues at record lows. Most UNWTO Panel Experts expect a rebound in international tourism by the third quarter of 2021 and a return to pre-pandemic 2019 levels not before 2023. Experts consider travel restrictions as the main barrier weighing on the recovery of international tourism, along with slow virus containment and low consumer confidence.

scholarly journals DESTRUCTIVE OF CURRENT INFORMATION: CONTENT ANALYSIS OF THE HEADLINES OF NEWS AGGREGATORS IN UKRAINE, USA AND RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaryna Pryshliak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human History ◽  
Media Space ◽  
Negative News ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact ◽  
News Headlines

The article outlines the impact of negative news on the minds of recipients, describes the reasons for the audience’s demand for negative information and represents the quantitative data of destructive information in the media space of Ukraine, USA and Russia. The rapid development of communication technologies, which contributes to the creation and dissemination of the largest volumes of information in human history, and therefore negative news, explains the relevance of the chosen topic. The main objectives of the study are news headlines that appear in the feed of the Google News aggregator (regional versions of the United States, Ukraine and Russia).

scholarly journals Path to European quantum unicorns

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markku Räsänen ◽  
Henrikki Mäkynen ◽  
Mikko Möttönen ◽  
Jan Goetz
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Computing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Successful Business ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Quantum Technology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Future Growth ◽  
The Eu

AbstractQuantum computing holds the potential to deliver great economic prosperity to the European Union (EU). However, the creation of successful business in the field is challenging owing to the required extensive investments into postdoctoral-level workforce and sophisticated infrastructure without an existing market that can financially support these operations.This commentary paper reviews the recent efforts taken in the EU to foster the quantum-computing ecosystem together with its current status. Importantly, we propose concrete actions for the EU to take to enable future growth of this field towards the desired goals. In particular, we suggest ways to enable the creation of EU-based quantum-computing unicorns which may act as key crystallization points of quantum technology and its commercialization. These unicorns may provide stability to the otherwise scattered ecosystem, thus pushing forward global policies enabling the global spread of EU innovations and technologies.The unicorns may act as a conduit, through which the EU-based quantum ecosystem can stand out from similar ecosystems based in Asia and the United States. Such strong companies are required because of the level of investment currently required in the marketplace. This paper suggests methodologies and best practices that can enhance the probability of the creation of the unicorns.Furthermore, we explore future scenarios, in which the unicorns can operate from the EU and to support the EU quantum ecosystem. This exploration is conducted focusing on the steps to be taken and on the impact the companies may have in our opinion.

scholarly journals Criminal Liability of Medical Profecionals Negligience: Comparative Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (Especial II) ◽  
pp. 251-263
Author(s):  
Kateryna Danchenko ◽  
Olga Taran
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Judicial Decision ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Medical Office ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this article is to study the criminal liability of medical professionals in cases of suspension, in accordance with jurisprudence in Ukraine, the European Union and the United States of America (USA). He made the comparative method. According to the investigation, the number of criminal proceedings in Ukraine by the authority and misconduct of medical doctors is about 2% per population, my figure that rises to 30% in Europe and is the stable yes in the US and is 28%. 32%. The main objective of the article is often area identify specializations in the medical office occurs with the mayor based on Ukrainian jurisprudence (data from Ukraine’s only state judicial decision register from 2016 to 2019). In addition, the study analyses the impact of the main influences on the ability of medical professionals for their professional functions. From counting the results show that surgeons, gynecologists, paramedics, and anesthesiologists are the most prone to deviation and medical error. Key proposed criteria have been proposed as medical errors differ from medical writing.

Is Snapchat Discover really a news platform? News snacking from social media and users’ knowledge of current affairs

2021 ◽  
Vol 00 (00) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Jayeon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
The United States ◽  
Journalism Studies ◽  
Soft News ◽  
Current Affairs ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Negative Predictor

The role of the media in informing the public has long been a central topic in journalism studies. Given that social media platforms have become today’s major source of news, it is important to understand the impact of social media use on citizens’ knowledge of current affairs. While people get news from multiple platforms throughout the day, most research treats social media as a single entity or examines only one or two major platforms ignoring newer social media platforms. Drawing on news snacking framework, this study investigates how using some of today’s most popular social media platforms predicts users’ current affairs knowledge, with particular attention to Snapchat and its news section Discover. A survey conducted in the United States (N=417) demonstrated that each of the platforms is distinct: Twitter is a strongly positive predictor of knowledge, Facebook a marginally significant negative predictor, Reddit a significantly negative predictor and Instagram not a significant predictor. Overall Snapchat use has no significant association with users’ knowledge of current affairs, whereas Discover use has a negative relationship. Further analysis revealed that mere exposure to Snapchat is positively related to soft-news knowledge and attention to Discover is negatively related to hard-news knowledge.

Duterte’s Foreign Policy Pivot and Its Impact on Philippine Trade and Investments: An International Political Economy Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 127-160
Author(s):  
Jenny D. Balboa
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The Political ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trade And Investment

Abstract Since the Philippines elected President Rodrigo Duterte in 2016, the country’s foreign policy seems to have become more uncertain. President Duterte’s mercurial personality and antagonistic tirades against the country’s traditional Western allies, including the United States (US) and the European Union (EU), and his statements of building closer ties with China and Russia, had changed the political and diplomatic tone of the Philippines overall. Certainly, the political relationship between the Philippines and the West has been changed by Duterte’s strong remarks against the US and EU. Has this change spilled over to the economy? The paper presents an international political economy framework in examining the impact of Duterte’s foreign policy pivot to the country’s foreign economic relations, focusing on trade and investment. The paper argues that Duterte’s foreign policy shift is mainly shaped by Duterte’s “politics of survival”. Not firmly anchored in any idea, norms, or interest that can clearly benefit the country, Duterte is unable to provide coherent guidance and leadership on the foreign policy pivot, particularly on the economy. Duterte’s lack of guidance provided the technocrats with the policy space to continue the policies from the previous administration and not to divert radically from previous economic policies. The stability of the economic institutions provided a refuge in the period of uncertainty. As a result, the foreign economic relations of the Philippines has not radically shifted. The trade and investment situation of the Philippines remained stable, and economic relations with traditional partners are maintained.

Trump's Declaration of the Global Gag Rule

2021 ◽  
pp. 277-294
Author(s):  
Sudeep Uprety ◽  
Obindra B. Chand
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Government Organization ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Us Government ◽  
Securitization Theory ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact

The current expanded policy on the Global Gag Rule by the United States (US) government and President Donald Trump has led to wider debate and discussions among the non-government organization (NGO) sector, especially in low and middle income countries (LMICs) such as Nepal that are heavily reliant on US funding for health research and intervention projects. Debates and discussions are also shaped by how the media shapes the narrative. Using the securitization theory, this chapter attempts to unfold the trend and the nature of stories reported in Nepali media on the Global Gag Rule declaration, meticulously unfolding the impact it has had in Nepal.

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