scholarly journals Managing patients with endocrine dysfunction during COVID-19: Review of literatures

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1) ◽  
pp. 90-98
Author(s):  
Patro PM ◽  
Rao KVJ
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Oral Steroid ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Health Organization

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is labeled as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 12th March 2020, is sweeping across the world. There has been documented evidence from China that those patients who have endocrinological disorders face additional risks from COVID-19. Healthcare professionals consider people with diabetes are at higher risk of severe illness. As such people with diabetes are not more likely to get COVID-19 than the general population, but they experience severe symptoms, complications and worse outcome even death, once infected. Hence specific measures are advised for the diabetic patients. The same goes for people with autoimmune conditions that lead to adrenal insufficiency. There may be primary (Addison’s disease), secondary or tertiary adrenal insufficiency in some patients. They regulate the blood pressure, the immune response and body’s stress response. However, nearly 5% of the population takes long-term steroids for inflammatory conditions like bronchial asthma, inflammatory bowel diseases etc.; out of which many would have some degree of insufficient adrenal response in a crisis. As it relates to COVID-19, any such patient who has been on long term corticosteroid therapy; with a dry continuous cough, breathing difficulty and fever should immediately double their daily oral steroid dose and continue this regimen until the fever has subsided. It is recommended for people with adrenal insufficiency. Apart from that, they should seek immediate medical help to avoid complications. Keywords: COVID-19; diabetes; endocrinological disorders; SARS-CoV-2

scholarly journals Inflammatory bowel disease and COVID-19: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabin Hamal ◽  
◽  
Rahul Pathak ◽  
Brindeswari Kafle Bhandari ◽  
Anurag Jha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Infectious Risk ◽  
The World ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Bowel

The World Health Organization officially declared infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2), leading to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 30 January 2020 and then as a pandemic on March 11, 2020 with reports of infection from most of the countries of the world [1]. COVID-19 has severely disrupted prevention and treatment for noncommunicable diseases. Severe illness can occur in otherwise healthy individuals of any age, but it predominantly occurs in adults with advanced age or certain underlying medical comorbidities [2]. Since the beginning of the health emergency, particular attention has been paid to the management of patients with chronic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs) because they frequently are treated with immunosuppressive drugs and therefore potentially are exposed to a greater infectious risk than the general population [3].

scholarly journals Inflammatory bowel disease and COVID-19: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabin Hamal ◽  
◽  
Rahul Pathak ◽  
Brindeswari Kafle Bhandari ◽  
Anurag Jha; Arun Gnawali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Infectious Risk ◽  
The World ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Bowel

The World Health Organization officially declared infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), leading to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 30 January 2020 and then as a pandemic on March 11, 2020 with reports of infection from most of the countries of the world [1]. COVID-19 has severely disrupted prevention and treatment for noncommunicable diseases. Severe illness can occur in otherwise healthy individuals of any age, but it predominantly occurs in adults with advanced age or certain underlying medical comorbidities [2]. Since the beginning of the health emergency, particular attention has been paid to the management of patients with chronic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs) because they frequently are treated with immunosuppressive drugs and therefore potentially are exposed to a greater infectious risk than the general population [3].

scholarly journals Psychometric validation of the Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales among elderly residents in long-term care facilities with joint contractures

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-chang Chen ◽  
Keh-chung Lin ◽  
Chen-Jung Chen ◽  
Shu-Hui Yeh ◽  
Ay-Woan Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Chinese Version ◽  
World Health ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Joint Contractures ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background Joint contractures, which affect activity, participation, and quality of life, are common complications of neurological conditions among elderly residents in long-term care facilities. This study examined the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales in a population with joint contractures. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used. The sample included elderly residents older than 64 years with joint contractures in an important joint who had lived at one of 12 long-term care facilities in Taiwan for more than 6 months (N = 243). The Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales for joint contractures was generated from the English version through five stages: translation, review, back-translation, review by a panel of specialists, and a pretest. Test-retest reliability, internal consistency reliability, construct validity, and criterion validity were evaluated, and the results were compared with those for the World Health Organization Quality of Life scale and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule. Results The Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales had excellent reliability, with a Cronbach α coefficient of 0.975 (mean score, 28.98; standard deviation, 17.34). An exploratory factor analysis showed three factors and one factor with an eigenvalue > 1 that explained 75.176 and 62.83 % of the total variance in the Activity subscale and Participation subscale, respectively. The subscale-to-total scale correlation analysis showed Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.881 for the Activity subscale and 0.843 for the Participation subscale. Pearson’s product-moment correlation revealed that the correlation coefficient (r) between the Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule was 0.770, whereas that for the World Health Organization Quality of Life scale was − 0.553; these values were interpreted as large coefficients. Conclusions The underlying theoretical model of the Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales functions well in Taiwan and has acceptable levels of reliability and validity. However, the Chinese version must be further tested for applicability and generalizability in future studies, preferably with a larger sample and in different clinical domains.

Aftermath of Covid -19 Pandemic in the community

2021 ◽  
pp. 498-500
Author(s):  
Sholly. CK
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

Novel corona virus (COVID-19) is an infectious condition, which can be spread directly or indirectly from one person to another and causes respiratory illnesses, range from common cold to acute respiratory syndrome. The first cases of this virus were found in Wuhan, China. According to the World Health Organization, COVID-19 is serious health concern and has higher risk for severe illness and spreading rapidly all over the world.This novel coronavirus was named Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by WHO in February 2020. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the coronavirus disease 2019 a pandemic, in the year2020 March. A global coordinated effort is needed to stop the further spread of the virus. Among all cases about 92% of the confirmed cases were recorded from China. Initial reports suggest that death rate ranges from 1% to 2% which varies in the study and country. The most of the death have occurred in patients over 50 years of age followed by young children. For the confirmed cases which included both laboratory and clinically diagnosed till now there is no specific antiviral treatment recommended but there is vaccine currently available. Once the virus develops in people, corona viruses can be spread from person to person through respiratory droplets. The viral material hangs out in these droplets and can be breathed into the respiratory tract, where the virus can then lead to an infection. Repercussions of Covid -19 on individuals, families and on front line warriors are countless1.

scholarly journals Coronavirus Pandemic: Coping with the Psychological Outcomes, Mental Changes, and the “New Normal” During and After COVID-19

2020 ◽  
pp. 07-19
Author(s):  
Hiba Takieddine ◽  
Samaa AL Tabbah
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
New Normal ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease that has rapidly swept across the world, inducing a considerable degree of fear, worry and concern in the population at large and among certain groups in particular, such as older adults, healthcare providers and people with underlying health conditions. Authorities around the world tried to prevent the virus spread by imposing social distancing measures, quarantining citizens and isolating infected persons. Apart from its physical impact, COVID-19 pandemic has brought numerous changes to people’s lives. It changed daily routines, caused worldwide economic crisis, increased unemployment, and placed people under emotional and financial pressures. It affected people psychologically and mentally especially in terms of emotions and cognition. During the acute crisis, everyone to varying degrees experienced fear of infection, somatic concerns, worries about the pandemic’s consequences, loneliness, depression, stress, as well as increased alcohol and drug use. As part of its public health response, the World Health Organization (WHO) has worked with partners to develop a set of new guidelines and messages that can be used to prevent, manage, and support mental and psychological well-being in different vulnerable target groups during the outbreak. Whether people like it or not, the psychological sequela of this pandemic will emerge and persist for months and years to come leading to long-term consequences. New lifestyles and “New Normals” will surely emerge. The main purpose of this review is to summarize the impact of coronavirus pandemic on the psychological and mental health of people around the world especially vulnerable groups. It also presents the relevant intervention actions and recommendations to cope efficiently and effectively with the psychological short-term and long-term outcomes, mental changes, and the “New Normal” during and after COVID-19. Keywords: COVID-19; Coronavirus, Psychological; Mental; New Normal

scholarly journals A review of post infectious pulmonary fibrosis in the era of COVID-19 and potential treatment options

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (40) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Medha Ghose ◽  
Maehali Patel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
World Health ◽  
Potential Treatment ◽  
Pulmonary Injury ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Post Infectious

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) released a statement characterizing COVID-19 as a pandemic that has, as of October 2020, caused almost 36 million confirmed global cases and over 1 million deaths. One of the long-term complications suggested by researchers is fibrosis. It has been hypothesized that the combination of ongoing pulmonary injury caused by COVID-19 and the inability to promptly repair damage results in interstitial matrix widening and eventual compression and destruction of alveoli and capillaries. Here we focus on pathogenesis, risk factors, different infectious causes of fibrosis along with COVID-19, and potential treatment options that might reduce its effects. Key words: COVID-19, pulmonary fibrosis, mechanism, treatment

scholarly journals Consumptive Coagulopathy and Thrombosis during Severe COVID-19 Infection: Potential Involvement of VWF/ADAMTS13

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Upendra K. Katneni ◽  
Aikaterini Alexaki ◽  
Ryan Hunt ◽  
Tal Schiller ◽  
Michael DiCuccio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Prognosis ◽  
Antithrombotic Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Early Evidence ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor ◽  
Reduced Activity

Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is the clinical manifestation of the respiratory infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Following its origin as a regional outbreak in Wuhan, China, COVID-19 rapidly spread globally and eventually was designated as pandemic by the World Health Organization. Multiple studies describing the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients highlighted the prevalence of abnormal coagulopathy and higher incidence of thrombosis. These studies identified co-morbid inflammatory disorders as risk factors for hospitalization in SARS-CoV-2 infections. While early evidence suggested inflammatory conditions as the leading cause of abnormal coagulopathy in COVID-19 patients, the mechanisms behind progression of inflammation mediated hemostasis dysregulation to thrombotic outcomes in susceptible individuals are not well understood. In addition, a sensitive and temporal assessments of coagulation and fibrinolysis is still lacking. Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) and ADAMTS13 interactions play an important role in the maintenance of hemostasis and prevention of unwanted thrombosis. In inflammatory conditions, VWF-ADAMTS13 imbalance characterized by elevated VWF levels and inhibited and/or reduced activity of ADAMTS13 is reported. Also, an imbalance between ADAMTS13 activity and VWF antigen is associated with organ dysfunction and death in patients with systemic inflammation. Despite the natural antithrombotic activity of ADAMTS13, its role in COVID-19 pathophysiology, specifically thrombotic outcomes has not yet been investigated. A thorough understanding of VWF-ADAMTS13 interactions during early and advanced phases of COVID-19 could help define the pathophysiology, guide thromboprophylaxis and treatment and improve clinical prognosis.

scholarly journals Beyond the List: Bioagent-Agnostic Signatures Could Enable a More Flexible and Resilient Biodefense Posture Than an Approach Based on Priority Agent Lists Alone

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1497
Author(s):  
Owen P. Leiser ◽  
Errett C. Hobbs ◽  
Amy C. Sims ◽  
George W. Korch ◽  
Karen L. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Research Community ◽  
Interdisciplinary Teams ◽  
World Health ◽  
Biological Warfare ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Data Analytic ◽  
Current List ◽  
Great Harm

As of 2021, the biothreat policy and research communities organize their efforts around lists of priority agents, which elides consideration of novel pathogens and biotoxins. For example, the Select Agents and Toxins list is composed of agents that historic biological warfare programs had weaponized or that have previously caused great harm during natural outbreaks. Similarly, lists of priority agents promulgated by the World Health Organization and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases are composed of previously known pathogens and biotoxins. To fill this gap, we argue that the research/scientific and biodefense/biosecurity communities should categorize agents based on how they impact their hosts to augment current list-based paradigms. Specifically, we propose integrating the results of multi-omics studies to identify bioagent-agnostic signatures (BASs) of disease—namely, patterns of biomarkers that accurately and reproducibly predict the impacts of infection or intoxication without prior knowledge of the causative agent. Here, we highlight three pathways that investigators might exploit as sources of signals to construct BASs and their applicability to this framework. The research community will need to forge robust interdisciplinary teams to surmount substantial experimental, technical, and data analytic challenges that stand in the way of our long-term vision. However, if successful, our functionality-based BAS model could present a means to more effectively surveil for and treat known and novel agents alike.

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