scholarly journals Inflammatory bowel disease and COVID-19: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabin Hamal ◽  
◽  
Rahul Pathak ◽  
Brindeswari Kafle Bhandari ◽  
Anurag Jha; Arun Gnawali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Infectious Risk ◽  
The World ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Bowel

The World Health Organization officially declared infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), leading to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 30 January 2020 and then as a pandemic on March 11, 2020 with reports of infection from most of the countries of the world [1]. COVID-19 has severely disrupted prevention and treatment for noncommunicable diseases. Severe illness can occur in otherwise healthy individuals of any age, but it predominantly occurs in adults with advanced age or certain underlying medical comorbidities [2]. Since the beginning of the health emergency, particular attention has been paid to the management of patients with chronic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs) because they frequently are treated with immunosuppressive drugs and therefore potentially are exposed to a greater infectious risk than the general population [3].

scholarly journals Inflammatory bowel disease and COVID-19: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabin Hamal ◽  
◽  
Rahul Pathak ◽  
Brindeswari Kafle Bhandari ◽  
Anurag Jha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Infectious Risk ◽  
The World ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Bowel

The World Health Organization officially declared infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2), leading to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 30 January 2020 and then as a pandemic on March 11, 2020 with reports of infection from most of the countries of the world [1]. COVID-19 has severely disrupted prevention and treatment for noncommunicable diseases. Severe illness can occur in otherwise healthy individuals of any age, but it predominantly occurs in adults with advanced age or certain underlying medical comorbidities [2]. Since the beginning of the health emergency, particular attention has been paid to the management of patients with chronic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs) because they frequently are treated with immunosuppressive drugs and therefore potentially are exposed to a greater infectious risk than the general population [3].

scholarly journals Managing patients with endocrine dysfunction during COVID-19: Review of literatures

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1) ◽  
pp. 90-98
Author(s):  
Patro PM ◽  
Rao KVJ
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Oral Steroid ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Health Organization

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is labeled as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 12th March 2020, is sweeping across the world. There has been documented evidence from China that those patients who have endocrinological disorders face additional risks from COVID-19. Healthcare professionals consider people with diabetes are at higher risk of severe illness. As such people with diabetes are not more likely to get COVID-19 than the general population, but they experience severe symptoms, complications and worse outcome even death, once infected. Hence specific measures are advised for the diabetic patients. The same goes for people with autoimmune conditions that lead to adrenal insufficiency. There may be primary (Addison’s disease), secondary or tertiary adrenal insufficiency in some patients. They regulate the blood pressure, the immune response and body’s stress response. However, nearly 5% of the population takes long-term steroids for inflammatory conditions like bronchial asthma, inflammatory bowel diseases etc.; out of which many would have some degree of insufficient adrenal response in a crisis. As it relates to COVID-19, any such patient who has been on long term corticosteroid therapy; with a dry continuous cough, breathing difficulty and fever should immediately double their daily oral steroid dose and continue this regimen until the fever has subsided. It is recommended for people with adrenal insufficiency. Apart from that, they should seek immediate medical help to avoid complications. Keywords: COVID-19; diabetes; endocrinological disorders; SARS-CoV-2

scholarly journals Ulcerative Colitis Developed in a COVID-19 Patient: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammet Fatih Aydin ◽  
Hamit Tasdemir
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal System ◽  
World Health ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
The World ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background: COVID-19 pneumonia is a widespread viral disease, which affects all the world and has been accepted as pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Coronavirus can remain in the stool for certain time even after recovery from COVID-19 pneumonia in some infected patients. Studies increasingly report involvement of other organs including gastrointestinal system in addition to respiratory symptoms in COVID-19. Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease with unknown cause. Emerging data suggest that gastrointestinal system may also be influenced by COVID-19 based via the expression of ACE-2. However, data abour the association of COVID-19 and inflammatory bowel diseases including ulcerative colitis are lacking. Case Presentation: In this report, we present a case of ulcerative colitis diagnosed in a 50-year-old male patient who presented with the complaints of bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain following the completion of the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia. Conclusion: Patients presenting with gastrointestnal complaints should also be evaluated for COVID-19.

scholarly journals Physical Activity Patterns in India Stratified by Zones, Age, Region, BMI and Implications for COVID-19: A Nationwide Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 097275312199850
Author(s):  
Vivek Podder ◽  
Raghuram Nagarathna ◽  
Akshay Anand ◽  
Patil S. Suchitra ◽  
Amit Kumar Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
World Health ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Home Work ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Physically Inactive ◽  
At Home

Rationale: India has a high prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), which can be lowered by regular physical activity. To understand this association, recent population data is required which is representative of all the states and union territories of the country. Objective: We aimed to investigate the patterns of physical activity in India, stratified by zones, body mass index (BMI), urban, rural areas, and gender. Method: We present the analysis of physical activity status from the data collected during the phase 1 of a pan-India study. This ( Niyantrita Madhumeha Bharata 2017) was a multicenter pan-India cluster sampled trial with dual objectives. A survey to identify all individuals at a high risk for diabetes, using a validated instrument called the Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS), was followed by a two-armed randomized yoga-based lifestyle intervention for the primary prevention of diabetes. The physical activity was scored as per IDRS (vigorous exercise or strenuous at work = 0, moderate exercise at home/work = 10, mild exercise at home/work = 20, no exercise = 30). This was done in a selected cluster using a mobile application. A weighted prevalence was calculated based on the nonresponse rate and design weight. Results: We analyzed the data from 2,33,805 individuals; the mean age was 41.4 years (SD 13.4). Of these, 50.6% were females and 49.4% were males; 45.8% were from rural areas and 54% from urban areas. The BMI was 24.7 ± 4.6 kg/m 2 . Briefly, 20% were physically inactive and 57% of the people were either inactive or mildly active. 21.2% of females were found physically inactive, whereas 19.2% of males were inactive. Individuals living in urban localities were proportionately more inactive (21.7% vs. 18.8%) or mildly active (38.9% vs. 34.8%) than the rural people. Individuals from the central (29.6%) and south zones (28.6%) of the country were also relatively inactive, in contrast to those from the northwest zone (14.2%). The known diabetics were found to be physically inactive (28.3% vs. 19.8%) when compared with those unaware of their diabetic status. Conclusion: 20% and 37% of the population in India are not active or mildly active, respectively, and thus 57% of the surveyed population do not meet the physical activity regimen recommended by the World Health Organization. This puts a large Indian population at risk of developing various NCDs, which are being increasingly reported to be vulnerable to COVID-19 infections. India needs to adopt the four strategic objectives recommended by the World Health Organization for reducing the prevalence of physical inactivity.

Aftermath of Covid -19 Pandemic in the community

2021 ◽  
pp. 498-500
Author(s):  
Sholly. CK
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

Novel corona virus (COVID-19) is an infectious condition, which can be spread directly or indirectly from one person to another and causes respiratory illnesses, range from common cold to acute respiratory syndrome. The first cases of this virus were found in Wuhan, China. According to the World Health Organization, COVID-19 is serious health concern and has higher risk for severe illness and spreading rapidly all over the world.This novel coronavirus was named Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by WHO in February 2020. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the coronavirus disease 2019 a pandemic, in the year2020 March. A global coordinated effort is needed to stop the further spread of the virus. Among all cases about 92% of the confirmed cases were recorded from China. Initial reports suggest that death rate ranges from 1% to 2% which varies in the study and country. The most of the death have occurred in patients over 50 years of age followed by young children. For the confirmed cases which included both laboratory and clinically diagnosed till now there is no specific antiviral treatment recommended but there is vaccine currently available. Once the virus develops in people, corona viruses can be spread from person to person through respiratory droplets. The viral material hangs out in these droplets and can be breathed into the respiratory tract, where the virus can then lead to an infection. Repercussions of Covid -19 on individuals, families and on front line warriors are countless1.

scholarly journals Daily physical activity of Brazilian carriers of arterial hypertension: a transversal analysis

2017 ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
Dartel Ferrari de Lima ◽  
Lohran Anguera Lima ◽  
Olinda do Carmo Luiz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
World Health ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Weekly Frequency

Objective: To describe the profile of the practice of physical activity in the daily life of Brazilian adults with arterial hypertension and to analyze whether the practice performed complies with the recommendations of the World Health Organization.Methods: Cross-sectional data were obtained from the Surveillance System of Risk Factors and Protection for Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases of 2014, involving 40,853 adults aged 18 years and over in all Brazilian capitals, interviewed by telephone survey.Results: Walking, soccer and water aerobics were the main modalities of exercise and sport practiced. The weekly volume of effort led 35% of practitioners to reach the recommended goal of the World Health Organization. The low weekly frequency of activities stood out among hypertensives who did not reach the goal.Conclusion: Health services should clarify the need for regularity of physical activity for hypertensive individuals to benefit substantially.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Morphology, Characteristics, Symptoms, Prevention, Clinical Diagnosis and Current Scenario

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Tansukh Barupal ◽  
Praveen Kumar Tak ◽  
Mukesh Meena
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Respiratory Tract Sample ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Morphology Characteristics

Background: There are different types of viruses found in nature which cause infection in humans and other animals, some causing severe illness and others not. A unique coronavirus termed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was isolated from lower respiratory tract sample as the causative agent. Objective: This review article includes characteristics of COVID-19, current scenario of disease, causes and symptoms of disease and how to prevent from its infection. Methods: We accomplished a comprehensive evaluation of the communication amid COVID-19 disease and serious effects of the disease. There are many articles describing the general characteristics, prevention and its harmful effects on humans which were included. The clinical diagnosis and present scenario of the disease were also reviewed. Results: The recent outbreak of contagions with SARS-CoV-2 is termed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO). Many governments of the world, scholars and scientists are engaged to discover the proper treatment and until a proper and right treatment for it is found, we have to be careful to avoid infection. Conclusion: At present, the whole world is struggling with COVID-19 disease. COVID-19 quickly spread into at least 215 countries and exterminated more than 300,000 persons by May 15, 2020. This is the time to exercise restraint and caution. The rapid extent of disease allows deep examination and quarantine conventions to prevent further transmission.

scholarly journals Smallpox - past or not past?

2004 ◽  
Vol 132 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 272-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Kuljic-Kapulica
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
World Health ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
World Population ◽  
Variola Virus ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Natural Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Smallpox is a potentially deadly illness caused by the variola virus, an orthopoxvirus. Severe illness followed by blister-like body rash is the sign of smallpox. Smallpox symptoms develop about 12 days after exposure. V. variole can spread very readily by aerosol, which may lead to explosive epidemics. For centuries, smallpox has been a worldwide cause of death, killing about 30% of the infected people. In 1972, the epidemic of smallpox in ex-Yugoslavia was the largest postwar smallpox epidemic in Europe. The total number of the affected was 175, out of whom 35 with fatal outcome, accounting for 20% of mortality. However, after a decade-long vaccination effort, the last natural case of smallpox occurred in 1977 The only way to prevent smallpox epidemic is by vaccination and patients' isolation. The possibility of future bioterrorism attacks, which may cause a new outbreak of smallpox and return variola, is very serious. World population is not immune, because of lack of vaccination. In 1980, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the disease fully eradicated.

The Partnership for Healthy Cities

Urban Health ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 293-297
Author(s):  
Ariella Rojhani ◽  
Charity Hung ◽  
Sally Chew ◽  
Christina Honeysett ◽  
Sandra Mullin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Global Network ◽  
World Health ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Healthy Cities ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Successes And Challenges

The Partnership for Healthy Cities is a global network of cities that is committed to reducing morbidity and mortality from noncommunicable diseases among their populations. Funded by Bloomberg Philanthropies, in partnership with the World Health Organization and Vital Strategies, the Partnership engages cities that are willing to take on high-impact innovative approaches to prevent and ameliorate the burden of noncommunicable diseases (e.g., cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, etc.). This chapter discusses the vision behind, the goals of, and the successes and challenges of the Partnership for Healthy Cities, with a particular focus on lessons learned that can broadly be applied to urban health.

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