On Early Medieval Contacts of the Urals and Western Siberia with Central Asia: The Evidence of Ceramics

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
N. P. Matveeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Early Medieval

Рассматривается керамика кушнаренковского типа с памятников Приуралья и бакальской культуры Западной Сибири IV-VIII вв. Она выделена исследователями в 60-х гг. ХХ в. как показатель крупных миграционных процессов, связанных с этногенезом мадьяр. Анализ форм, технологии производства и декора керамики данного типа позволил выявить импортные изделия и местные подражания посуде из Приаралья. В музейных коллекциях керамики из джетыасарских могильников Алтынасар-4, Бедаикасар-2, Косасар-2 и -3, Томпакасар обнаружены сосуды, относящиеся к бакальской культуре, а также образцы, по которым изготавливались подражания в лесостепной зоне. Учтен результат сравнительно-статистического анализа погребального обряда синхронных уральских и западно-сибирских культур, согласно которому специфические характеристики для погребений с кушнаренковскими сосудами не выявлены. Эти факты вместе с художественной утварью, монетами, престижными украшениями и поясной гарнитурой рассматриваются как свидетельства активной караванной торговли в урало-западносибирско-казахстанском регионе. Предлагается не расценивать кушнаренковский таксон в качестве археологической культуры, сохранить употребление термина «кушнаренковский» для типа керамики, считать эту керамику отражением субкультуры, обслуживавшей престижное потребление, и связывать с продукцией бродячих ремесленников или производством в торговых факториях.

On Early Medieval Contacts of the Urals and Western Siberia with Central Asia: The Evidence of Ceramics

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
N. P. Matveeva
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Specific Culture ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Burial Rite

The study focuses on the Kushnarenkovo-type ceramics from sites in the Cis-Urals and those from sites of the Bakalskaya culture in Western Siberia (300–800 AD). This type was first described in the 1960s as an indicator of major migrations relating to Magyar origins. The analysis of forms, technology, and decoration makes it possible to identify imported ware from local replicas of the Aral ceramics. Certain vessels from the Dzhetyasar cemeteries Altynasar-4, Bedaikasar-2, Kosasar-2 and -3, and Tompakasar, owned by museums, can be attributed to the Bakalskaya culture, whereas others were prototypes for replicas manufactured in the forest-steppe zone. The statistical analysis of the burial rite of contemporaneous Uralian and Western Siberian cultures reveals no features correlating with Kushnarenkovo vessels. These facts, along with the analysis of decorated utensils, coins, prestigious ornaments, and belt sets, evidence intense caravan trade between the Urals, Western Siberia, and Kazakhstan. Rather than an indicator of a specific culture, then, the Kushnarenkovo ceramics indicate a subculture of upper social strata, served by itinerant craftsmen or by manufacturers at trade factories.

Archaeological Evidence of Migration from the Southern Taiga of Western Siberia to the Urals in the Early Middle Ages: The Vodennikovo-1 Cemetery

2022 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
N. P. Matveeva ◽  
E. A. Tretyakov ◽  
A. S. Zelenkov
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Archaeological Evidence

We describe 15 burials at the Vodennikovo-1 group of mounds in the northern Kurgan Region, on the Middle Iset River, relevant to migration processes during the Early Middle Ages. On the basis of numerous parallels from contemporaneous sites in the Urals and Western Siberia, the cemetery is dated to the late 7th and 8th centuries. Most of single and collective burials are inhumations in rectangular pits with a northwestern orientation, with vessels, decorated by carved or pricked designs, placed near the heads. These features, typical of the Early Medieval Bakalskaya culture of the Tobol and Ishim basins, are also observed at the Pereyma and Ust-Suerskoye-1 cemeteries in the same area. However, there are innovations such as inlet burials, those in blocks of solid wood and plank coffi ns, western orientation of the deceased, and placing vessels next to the burial pits. These features attest to a different tradition, evidenced by cemeteries of the Potchevash culture in the Tobol and Ishim basins (Okunevo III, Likhacheva, and Vikulovskoye). Also, Potchevash and Bakalskaya vessels co-occur at Vodennikovo-1, and some of them (jugs with comb and grooved designs) are typologically syncretic. To date, this is the westernmost cemetery of the Potchevash culture, suggestive of a migration of part of the southern taiga population from the Ishim and Tobol area to the Urals.

scholarly journals Yarkovskoe 1 hillfort – monument of the XII–XIV centuries in the Tobolsk Irtysh River region

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (34) ◽  
pp. 199-211
Author(s):  
Aleksander A. Adamov ◽  
◽  
Igor V. Balyunov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Local Population ◽  
The Urals ◽  
River Region ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Irtysh River ◽  
Main Component

Known archaeological sources indicate migration the groups of the Urals population into Western Siberia during the XII–XIV centuries. However, this process continues to be poorly studied, which can be partially corrected by referring to the archaeological materials of the Yarkovskoe 1 hillfort. Pre-revolutionary researchers knew this monument of Tobolsk Irtysh River region, but its excavations began relatively recently. The 2015 excavation revealed a significant number of individual finds from copper, bronze, silver and iron. Quite often fragments of ceramic dishes, bone and stone products were found. The closest analogies to the implement complex of the Yarkovskoe hillfort were found in the cis-Urals sites of the Rodanovo archaeological culture. The authors' assumption is confirmed by the findings of ornamented ceramics, crucible, bronze pendants, a silver ring, padlocks and a needle bar and other items. However, not all features of the material culture of the local population have direct analogies among the Rodanovo antiquities, which indicate that a synthesis of a number of cultures took place in the Tobolsk Irtysh region. Among the finds, one can distinguish both things of clearly Siberian origin and those brought from the territory of the Volga and Central Asia. The authors distinguish that the main component of the population of the Yarkovskoe 1 hillfort were the Rodanovo culture population who came from beyond the Urals. The Rodanovo people who arrived from the trans-Urals, as they moved to the lower reaches of the Tobol could include foreign cultures, including the Yudino culture, as well as the local Kintusovskoye culture components.

Sedelnikovaea baicalensis (Lecanoraceae) — new lichen genus and species for Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-416
Author(s):  
T. V. Makryi
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Northeastern Siberia ◽  
Mountain Belts ◽  
First Time ◽  
Vast Range

Sedelnikovaea baicalensis, the Siberian-Central Asian lichen species, is recorded for the first time for Europe. Based on all the known localities, including those first-time reported from Baikal Siberia, the peculiarities of the ecology and distribution of this species are discussed, the map of its distribution is provided. It is concluded that the species was erroneously considered earlier as a Central Asian endemic. The center of the present range of this lichen is the steppes of Southern Siberia and Mongolia. Assumptions are made that S. baicalensis is relatively young (Paleogene-Neogene) species otherwise it would have a vast range extending beyond Asia, and also that the Yakut locations of this species indicate that in the Pleistocene its range was wider and covered a significant part of the Northeastern Siberia but later underwent regression. Based on the fact that in the mountains of Central Asia the species is found only in the upper mountain belts, it is proposed to characterize it as «cryo-arid xerophyte» in contrast to «arid xerophytes». A conclusion is made that the presence of extensive disjunctions of S. baicalensis range between the Southern Pre-Urals and the Altai-Sayan Mountains or the Mountains of Central Asia is unlikely; the lichen is most likely to occur in the Urals and most of Kazakhstan.

Development of Soil-Borne Infections in Spring Wheat and Barley as Influenced by Hydrothermal Stress in the Forest-Steppe Conditions of Western Siberia and the Urals

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Toropova ◽  
A. P. Glinushkin ◽  
M. P. Selyuk ◽  
O. A. Kazakova ◽  
A. V. Ovsyankina
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The Urals

scholarly journals THE CONCEPTS «CHIEFDOM» AND «STATE» IN THE EVALUATION OF THE POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE EARLY MEDIEVAL EMPIRES OF CENTRAL ASIA

2016 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
S. A. Vasyutin
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Complexity Level ◽  
Total Compliance

The article deals with the evaluation of the political institutions in early medievalCentral Asia. The existing approaches to defining the governing systems of the imperial nomad unions focus on the concepts "chiefdom" and "state", but in both cases researchers have to state an absence of total compliance of the nomadic empires' governing structures to the classical attributes of chiefdom and state, thus constantly making reservations, which blur these concepts. The purpose of the work is to consider the possibility of solving this problem by using a broader "net" of terms determining different political systems and stages in their development in relation to early medieval nomadic empires. The methodological base of the article is the modern conceptions of multilinearity and diversity of the political genesis. The research has resulted in determination of a range of concepts which could better reflect the specificity of political institutions of different nomadic empires or make this evaluation more neutral but providing a clearer understanding of the complexity level of the political organization. 

scholarly journals REPRESENTATION INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE LATE SOVIET BOOSTERISM: URALS AND WESTERN SIBERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Fedor S. Korandej ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Local Version ◽  
Distant Reading ◽  
The Urals ◽  
The Social ◽  
Industrial Projects ◽  
Infrastructure Project ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Representational Infrastructure

The article, based on the corpus of Soviet geographical poetry dedicated to the Urals and Western Siberia, examines the infrastructure set up to represent industrial projects. The adopted approach to studying geographical images of the Soviet industrial expansion of the 1950–1970s relies on the ideas of the “infrastructural turn” in the social sciences and uses as a research tool the methodology of “distant reading”. The author argues that the goals of the late Soviet representational project cannot be reduced to direct propaganda or mobilization. It was formed as a local version of modern boosterism — an expansionist ideology characteristic of the situation of forced creation of new territorialities and aimed at the formation of patriotic identities in new settlement centers. The Late Soviet geographical poetry was the product of this Soviet representational infrastructure, and the quintessence of its ideology, functioning within the framework of consolidating rhetoric, and giving rise to the figure of the poet, who was identified with poems dedicated to a certain infrastructure project. The Soviet boosterism implied placing the representations of industrial projects in a situational administrative-social context, while simultaneously producing indirect infrastructural effects that were crucial for the formation of urban “normality”, subjectivity and identity. The article outlines the main stages of the formation of the Soviet representational infrastructure, standard forms of its functioning in the late Soviet period; it describes historical geography of this network in the Urals and Western Siberia, which assumed different forms of dealing with the projects for representation of which it was created.

scholarly journals Early Medieval Central Asian Population Estimates

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 788-817
Author(s):  
Étienne de la Vaissière
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Census data from 8th-century Eastern Central Asian oases, combined with the measurements of the oases and data from archives discovered there, allow us to calculate estimates both of the individual oases’ populations and of their respective feeding capacities, which is to say the number of people who could be fed from the output of one hectare of agricultural land. These numbers in turn have parallels in Western Central Asia, where oasis sizes can also be calculated by examination of preserved archaeological landscapes and oasis walls. It is therefore possible to reach a rough idea of the populations dwelling in the main oases and valleys of sedentary Central Asia. As regards nomadic regions, the data are far more hypothetical, but references in certain sources to the sizes of nomad armies and rates of nomadic military levying can allow us to calculate at least the possible scales of magnitude for populations living to the north of the Tianshan.

The Islamic East a millennium ago: Biruni’s world

Biruni ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
George Malagaris
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Complex World ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
Medieval Islam

Biruni constantly investigated his complex world in its natural and historical aspects. He perceived his homeland of Khwarazm in the manner of a modern physical geographer while simultaneously maintaining awareness of its underlying cultural currents and far-flung connections with distant lands. He appreciated that the notion of a region depended on cultural and political factors; indeed, the modern usage of the terms Central Asia, Middle East, and South Asia implies a multiplicity of histories, as he doubtlessly would have understood. Biruni himself frequently commented on its significance and persistently sought to interpret its underlying tendencies throughout his writing. Whether he touched on the topics of ancient Iran, late antique Hellenism, or early medieval Islam, Biruni added to the knowledge of his contemporaries, and the survival of his works has augmented our own.

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