scholarly journals Relationships among Verbal Memory, Spatial Working Memory and Intelligence in Children of 10-11 years

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Burdukova ◽  
O.S. Alekseeva ◽  
B.A. Chizhova ◽  
A.V. Shcheglova
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Verbal Material ◽  
Sequential Processing ◽  
Simultaneous Processing ◽  
Selective Reminding ◽  
Selective Reminding Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scale Of Education

The issue investigates the relationship Selective Reminding Test (SRT), a test of spatial working memory (SWM) with Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (KABC II). It has been found that the efficiency of memorizing verbal material is associated with the estimates on the K-ABC Sequential processing scale and K-ABC Simultaneous processing scale, but not to the Learning scale of education, is measured indirectly verbal memorization. Spatial working memory is not related to IQ.The issue is part of a research project on cognitive function in children with neuro-oncological disorders

scholarly journals Sex differences in cortisol and memory following acute social stress in amnestic mild cognitive impairment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly J. Murphy ◽  
Travis E. Hodges ◽  
Paul A.S. Sheppard ◽  
Angela K. Troyer ◽  
Elizabeth Hampson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Amci Group ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractObjectiveOlder adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) develop Alzheimer’s type dementia approximately ten times faster annually than the normal population. Adrenal hormones are associated with aging and cognition. We investigated the relationship between acute stress, cortisol, and memory function in aMCI with an exploratory analysis of sex.MethodSalivary cortisol was sampled diurnally and during two test sessions, one session with the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), to explore differences in the relationship between cortisol and memory function in age-normal cognition (NA) and aMCI. Participants with aMCI (n=6 women, 9 men; mean age=75) or similarly aged NA (n=9 women, 7 men, mean age=75) were given tests of episodic, associative, and spatial working memory with a psychosocial stressor (TSST) in the second session.ResultsThe aMCI group performed worse on the memory tests than NA as expected, and males with aMCI had elevated cortisol levels on test days. Immediate episodic memory was enhanced by social stress in NA but not in the aMCI group, indicating that stress-induced alterations in memory are different in individuals with aMCI. High cortisol was associated with impaired performance on episodic memory in aMCI males only. Cortisol in Session 1 moderated the relationship with spatial working memory, whereby higher cortisol was associated with worse performance in NA, but better spatial working memory in aMCI. In addition, effects of aMCI on perceived anxiety in response to stress exposure were moderated by stress-induced cortisol in a sex-specific manner.ConclusionsWe show effects of aMCI on Test Session cortisol levels and effects on perceived anxiety, and stress-induced impairments in memory in males with aMCI in our exploratory sample. Future studies should explore sex as a biological variable as our findings suggests that effects at the confluence of aMCI and stress can be obfuscated without sex as a consideration.

scholarly journals The relationship between visuospatial neglect, spatial working memory and search behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasper Fabius ◽  
Antonia F. Ten Brink ◽  
Stefan Van der Stigchel ◽  
Tanja C. W. Nijboer
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Search Behavior ◽  
Visuospatial Neglect ◽  
The Relationship

Individual Differences in Visuo-Spatial Working Memory and Real-World Wayfinding

2009 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaella Nori ◽  
Sonia Grandicelli ◽  
Fiorella Giusberti
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Real World ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Spatial Problem ◽  
Copying Task ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Corsi Block Task

The present research investigated the relationship between individual differences in visuo-spatial working memory (VSWM) and wayfinding performance in adults. Forty participants completed a battery of tasks measuring VSWM (Mental Rotation Task, Corsi Block Task, Copying Task, and Spatial Problem Task) and covered an unfamiliar route in a botanical garden. Our findings showed that VSWM was involved in wayfinding performance: High-VSWM participants performed the wayfinding task with fewer errors and faster and paused less frequently along the route than did low-VSWM participants. Our results suggest that different aspects of working memory, that is, active/passive and visual/sequential/simultaneous subcomponents, are involved in remembering an unfamiliar real-world route.

scholarly journals Spontaneous but not voluntary eye blinks during spatial working memory are associated with successful performance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Lee ◽  
Baaba K. Blankson ◽  
Peter Manza ◽  
Jonathan F. O’Rawe ◽  
Craig Evinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Eye Blinks ◽  
Recognition Probe ◽  
Delayed Recognition ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractSpontaneous eye blink rate (SBR) has been associated with central dopamine (DA) levels, raising the intriguing possibility that SBR is related to cognitive functions dependent on DA, such as spatial working memory (WM). We tested this hypothesis in two behavioral experiments, examining the relationship between SBR, WM load and individual differences in spatial WM performance in 126 young adults. In Experiment 1, we examined the temporal profile of SBR during a spatial delayed recognition task requiring maintenance of 1, 2, 4, 6 or 7 dot locations. We observed a suppression in SBR during dot- and recognition probe-presentation, and a significant increase in SBR afterwards. High performers showed significantly lower SBR than low performers during the first 500 ms of the delay period. In Experiment 2, we used a similar spatial WM task as Experiment 1 to test whether an instructed voluntary blink during the early delay would directly dampen WM performance. While the temporal dynamics of SBR across task events were comparable to Experiment 1, WM performance was not significantly different between the voluntary blink and no blink conditions. Together, these results suggest that spontaneous but not voluntary eye blinking is closely linked to spatial WM, and that lower SBR during WM encoding and early phase of maintenance is associated with better WM task performance.

scholarly journals Using Psilocybin to Investigate the Relationship between Attention, Working Memory, and the Serotonin 1A and 2A Receptors

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1497-1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia L. Carter ◽  
David C. Burr ◽  
John D. Pettigrew ◽  
Guy M. Wallis ◽  
Felix Hasler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Attentional Performance ◽  
Pharmacological Data ◽  
Tracking Ability ◽  
The Relationship

Increasing evidence suggests a link between attention, working memory, serotonin (5-HT), and prefrontal cortex activity. In an attempt to tease out the relationship between these elements, this study tested the effects of the hallucinogenic mixed 5-HT1A/2A receptor agonist psilocybin alone and after pretreatment with the 5-HT2A antagonist ketanserin. Eight healthy human volunteers were tested on a multiple-object tracking task and spatial working memory task under the four conditions: placebo, psilocybin (215 Ag/kg), ketanserin (50 mg), and psilocybin and ketanserin. Psilocybin significantly reduced attentional tracking ability, but had no significant effect on spatial working memory, suggesting a functional dissociation between the two tasks. Pretreatment with ketanserin did not attenuate the effect of psilocybin on attentional performance, suggesting a primary involvement of the 5-HT1A receptor in the observed deficit. Based on physiological and pharmacological data, we speculate that this impaired attentional performance may reflect a reduced ability to suppress or ignore distracting stimuli rather than reduced attentional capacity. The clinical relevance of these results is also discussed.

scholarly journals Lower Working Memory Performance in Overweight and Obese Adolescents Is Mediated by White Matter Microstructure

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Alarcón ◽  
Siddharth Ray ◽  
Bonnie J. Nagel
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Bold Signal ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractObjectives: Elevated body mass index (BMI) is associated with deficits in working memory, reduced gray matter volume in frontal and parietal lobes, as well as changes in white matter (WM) microstructure. The current study examined whether BMI was related to working memory performance and blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) activity, as well as WM microstructure during adolescence. Methods: Linear regressions with BMI and (1) verbal working memory BOLD signal, (2) spatial working memory BOLD signal, and (3) fractional anisotropy (FA), a measure of WM microstructure, were conducted in a sample of 152 healthy adolescents ranging in BMI. Results: BMI was inversely related to IQ and verbal and spatial working memory accuracy; however, there was no significant relationship between BMI and BOLD response for either verbal or spatial working memory. Furthermore, BMI was negatively correlated with FA in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) and left inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF). ILF FA and IQ significantly mediated the relationship between BMI and verbal working memory performance, whereas SLF FA, but not IQ, significantly mediated the relationship between BMI and accuracy of both verbal and spatial working memory. Conclusions: These findings indicate that higher BMI is associated with decreased FA in WM fibers connecting brain regions that support working memory, and that WM microstructural deficits may underlie inferior working memory performance in youth with higher BMI. Of interest, BMI did not show the same relationship with working memory BOLD activity, which may indicate that changes in brain structure precede changes in function. (JINS, 2015, 21, 281–292)

Spatial working memory ability is a marker of risk-for-psychosis

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1239-1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. WOOD ◽  
C. PANTELIS ◽  
T. PROFFITT ◽  
L. J. PHILLIPS ◽  
G. W. STUART ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Deficit ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Matching To Sample ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Ultra High Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Background. Working memory has been identified as a core cognitive deficit in schizophrenia that is associated with negative symptoms, but it is unclear whether it is impaired prior to onset of psychosis in symptomatic patients.Method. Thirty-eight young people at ultra high-risk (UHR) of developing psychosis (of whom nine later became psychotic) were compared with 49 healthy controls on tests of spatial working memory (SWM) and delayed matching-to-sample (DMTS).Results. Both SWM and DMTS performance was significantly poorer in the UHR groups. Those who later became psychotic generally performed more poorly than those who did not, although this did not reach significance for any measure. A significant association between SWM errors and negative symptoms was seen in the later-psychotic group only (P=0·02).Conclusions. Spatial working memory abilities are impaired in those at high-risk for psychosis. The relationship between working memory and negative symptoms may be useful as a predictive tool.

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