The relationship between spatial working memory precision and attention and inhibitory control in young children

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 32-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi L. Beattie ◽  
Anne R. Schutte ◽  
Cathryn S. Cortesa
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Memory Precision ◽  
The Relationship

Inhibitory control and spatial working memory: A saccadic eye movement study of negative symptoms in schizophrenia

2008 ◽  
Vol 157 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Winograd-Gurvich ◽  
Paul B. Fitzgerald ◽  
Nellie Georgiou-Karistianis ◽  
Lyn Millist ◽  
Owen White
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movement ◽  
Movement Study

scholarly journals Sex differences in cortisol and memory following acute social stress in amnestic mild cognitive impairment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly J. Murphy ◽  
Travis E. Hodges ◽  
Paul A.S. Sheppard ◽  
Angela K. Troyer ◽  
Elizabeth Hampson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Amci Group ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractObjectiveOlder adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) develop Alzheimer’s type dementia approximately ten times faster annually than the normal population. Adrenal hormones are associated with aging and cognition. We investigated the relationship between acute stress, cortisol, and memory function in aMCI with an exploratory analysis of sex.MethodSalivary cortisol was sampled diurnally and during two test sessions, one session with the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), to explore differences in the relationship between cortisol and memory function in age-normal cognition (NA) and aMCI. Participants with aMCI (n=6 women, 9 men; mean age=75) or similarly aged NA (n=9 women, 7 men, mean age=75) were given tests of episodic, associative, and spatial working memory with a psychosocial stressor (TSST) in the second session.ResultsThe aMCI group performed worse on the memory tests than NA as expected, and males with aMCI had elevated cortisol levels on test days. Immediate episodic memory was enhanced by social stress in NA but not in the aMCI group, indicating that stress-induced alterations in memory are different in individuals with aMCI. High cortisol was associated with impaired performance on episodic memory in aMCI males only. Cortisol in Session 1 moderated the relationship with spatial working memory, whereby higher cortisol was associated with worse performance in NA, but better spatial working memory in aMCI. In addition, effects of aMCI on perceived anxiety in response to stress exposure were moderated by stress-induced cortisol in a sex-specific manner.ConclusionsWe show effects of aMCI on Test Session cortisol levels and effects on perceived anxiety, and stress-induced impairments in memory in males with aMCI in our exploratory sample. Future studies should explore sex as a biological variable as our findings suggests that effects at the confluence of aMCI and stress can be obfuscated without sex as a consideration.

scholarly journals Linking inhibitory control to math achievement via comparison of conflicting decimal numbers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linsah Coulanges ◽  
Roberto A. Abreu-Mendoza ◽  
Sashank Varma ◽  
Melina Uncapher ◽  
Adam Gazzaley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Math Achievement ◽  
Academic Learning ◽  
Whole Number ◽  
Calculation Skills ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Number Knowledge

The relationship between executive functions (EF) and academic achievement is well-established, but leveraging this insight to improve educational outcomes remains elusive. Here, we propose a framework for relating the role of specific EF on specific precursor skills that support later academic learning. Specifically, we hypothesize that executive functions contribute to general math skills both directly – supporting the online execution of problem solving strategies – and indirectly – supporting the acquisition of precursor mathematical content. We test this hypothesis by examining the contribution of inhibitory control on processing rational numbers pairs which conflict with individual’s prior whole number knowledge and on general math knowledge. In 97 college students (79 female, age = 20.63 years), we collected three measures of EF: working memory (backwards spatial span), inhibition (color-word Stroop) and cognitive flexibility (task switching), and timed and untimed standardized measures of math achievement. Our target precursor skill was a decimals comparison task where correct responses were inconsistent with prior whole number knowledge (e.g. 0.27 vs. 0.9). Participants performed worse on these trials relative to the consistent decimals pairs (e.g. 0.2 vs. 0.87). Individual differences on incongruent Stroop trials predicted performance on inconsistent decimal comparisons, which in turn predicted performance on both timed and untimed measures of math achievement. With respect to relating inhibitory control to math achievement, incongruent Stroop performance was an independent predictor of untimed calculation skills after accounting for age, working memory and cognitive flexibility. Finally, we found that inconsistent decimals performance partially mediated the relationship between inhibition and untimed math achievement, consistent with the hypothesis that mathematical precursor skills can explain the relationships between executive functions and academic outcomes, making them promising targets for intervention.

The Influence of Saccade Execution on Spatial Working Memory Precision

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seongmin Hwang ◽  
Steven J. Luck ◽  
Andrew Hollingworth
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Memory Precision

scholarly journals The INECO Frontal Screening tool differentiates behavioral variant - frontotemporal dementia (bv-FTD) from major depression

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Fiorentino ◽  
Ezequiel Gleichgerrcht ◽  
María Roca ◽  
Marcelo Cetkovich ◽  
Facundo Manes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Conditions

ABSTRACT Executive dysfunction may result from prefrontal circuitry involvement occurring in both neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. Moreover, multiple neuropsychiatric conditions, may present with overlapping behavioral and cognitive symptoms, making differential diagnosis challenging, especially during earlier stages. In this sense, cognitive assessment may contribute to the differential diagnosis by providing an objective and quantifiable set of measures that has the potential to distinguish clinical conditions otherwise perceived in everyday clinical settings as quite similar. Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate the utility of the INECO Frontal Screening (IFS) for differentiating bv-FTD patients from patients with Major Depression. Methods: We studied 49 patients with bv-FTD diagnosis and 30 patients diagnosed with unipolar depression compared to a control group of 26 healthy controls using the INECO Frontal Screening (IFS), the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R). Results: Patient groups differed significantly on the motor inhibitory control (U=437.0, p<0.01), verbal working memory (U=298.0, p<0.001), spatial working memory (U=300.5, p<0.001), proverbs (U=341.5, p<0.001) and verbal inhibitory control (U=316.0, p<0.001) subtests, with bv-FTD patients scoring significantly lower than patients with depression. Conclusion: Our results suggest the IFS can be considered a useful tool for detecting executive dysfunction in both depression and bv-FTD patients and, perhaps more importantly, that it has the potential to help differentiate these two conditions.

scholarly journals The relationship between visuospatial neglect, spatial working memory and search behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasper Fabius ◽  
Antonia F. Ten Brink ◽  
Stefan Van der Stigchel ◽  
Tanja C. W. Nijboer
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Search Behavior ◽  
Visuospatial Neglect ◽  
The Relationship

Individual Differences in Visuo-Spatial Working Memory and Real-World Wayfinding

2009 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaella Nori ◽  
Sonia Grandicelli ◽  
Fiorella Giusberti
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Real World ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Spatial Problem ◽  
Copying Task ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Corsi Block Task

The present research investigated the relationship between individual differences in visuo-spatial working memory (VSWM) and wayfinding performance in adults. Forty participants completed a battery of tasks measuring VSWM (Mental Rotation Task, Corsi Block Task, Copying Task, and Spatial Problem Task) and covered an unfamiliar route in a botanical garden. Our findings showed that VSWM was involved in wayfinding performance: High-VSWM participants performed the wayfinding task with fewer errors and faster and paused less frequently along the route than did low-VSWM participants. Our results suggest that different aspects of working memory, that is, active/passive and visual/sequential/simultaneous subcomponents, are involved in remembering an unfamiliar real-world route.

scholarly journals Neural circuit basis of visuo-spatial working memory precision: a computational and behavioral study

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 1806-1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Almeida ◽  
João Barbosa ◽  
Albert Compte
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Topographic Organization ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Memory Precision

The amount of information that can be retained in working memory (WM) is limited. Limitations of WM capacity have been the subject of intense research, especially in trying to specify algorithmic models for WM. Comparatively, neural circuit perspectives have barely been used to test WM limitations in behavioral experiments. Here we used a neuronal microcircuit model for visuo-spatial WM (vsWM) to investigate memory of several items. The model assumes that there is a topographic organization of the circuit responsible for spatial memory retention. This assumption leads to specific predictions, which we tested in behavioral experiments. According to the model, nearby locations should be recalled with a bias, as if the two memory traces showed attraction or repulsion during the delay period depending on distance. Another prediction is that the previously reported loss of memory precision for an increasing number of memory items (memory load) should vanish when the distances between items are controlled for. Both predictions were confirmed experimentally. Taken together, our findings provide support for a topographic neural circuit organization of vsWM, they suggest that interference between similar memories underlies some WM limitations, and they put forward a circuit-based explanation that reconciles previous conflicting results on the dependence of WM precision with load.

scholarly journals Relationships among Verbal Memory, Spatial Working Memory and Intelligence in Children of 10-11 years

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Burdukova ◽  
O.S. Alekseeva ◽  
B.A. Chizhova ◽  
A.V. Shcheglova
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Verbal Material ◽  
Sequential Processing ◽  
Simultaneous Processing ◽  
Selective Reminding ◽  
Selective Reminding Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scale Of Education

The issue investigates the relationship Selective Reminding Test (SRT), a test of spatial working memory (SWM) with Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (KABC II). It has been found that the efficiency of memorizing verbal material is associated with the estimates on the K-ABC Sequential processing scale and K-ABC Simultaneous processing scale, but not to the Learning scale of education, is measured indirectly verbal memorization. Spatial working memory is not related to IQ.The issue is part of a research project on cognitive function in children with neuro-oncological disorders

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