scholarly journals Evacuation Safety Evaluation in the Event of a Fire in a Shopping Center with a Connected Passageway in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-339
Author(s):  
Seo-Young Kim, Ha-Sung Kong
Keyword(s):  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Shopping Center ◽  
Shopping Centers ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
The Third ◽  
Evacuation Safety ◽  
Evacuation Route

In this study, scenarios were developed to evaluate evacuation safety in the event of a fire in a shopping center with a connected passageway and to reduce Required Safe Egress Time (RSET). The RSET for all occupants by scenario is as follows: The first scenario which used the general evacuation route took 20 minutes and 7 seconds. The second scenario which used the third floor’s connected passageway for third and fourth floor, and using first floor entrance for first and second floor to evacuate took 14 minutes and 11 seconds. The evacuation time was 36 minutes and 52 seconds for scenario 3, which only used the fire escape stairs. The fourth scenario took 4 minutes and 19 seconds and used a connected passageway on every floor. Overall, this study shows that RSET for all occupants is reduced when a connected passageway is installed on every floor in shopping centers. Henceforth, more research is needed to determine whether connected passageway is a single firefighting object or a separate structure.

scholarly journals Lokasi Ritel

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adil Fadillah
Keyword(s):  
Central Business District ◽  
Shopping Center ◽  
Shopping Centers ◽  
Business District

Lokasi Ritel seringkali menjadi keputusan sangat penting yang dibuat oleh ritel, karena pertimbangan berikut:PERTAMA, Lokasi merupakan pertimbangan utama bagi konsumen dalam memilih ritelKEDUA, keputusan memilih lokasi ritel merupakan strategi penting. Karena ritel dapat menggunakannya sebagai keuntungan untuk bersaingAda 3 tipe Lokasi Dasar yang bisa dipilih oleh Ritel :A.Shopping CentersB.City or Town LocationsC.Freestanding LocationsRitel pun dapat memilih tempat di lokasi nontradisional seperti airport atau lokasi lainnyaSHOPPING CENTERSIstilah Shopping Center sudah dikenal sejak awal tahun 1950-an.Shopping Center merupakan grup ritel dan bisnis lain yang direncanakan, dibangun, dimiliki dan dimanage sebagai satu kepemilikan.Bentuk Shopping Center ada dua :1.Strip Shopping Center. Yaitu Shopping Centers yang umumnya mempunyai tempat parkir langsung di depan toko. Canopy terbuka membuat mudah akses ke toko, namun kelemahannya tidak mempunyai area jalan yang menghubungkan dengan toko lain2.Malls. Yaitu Shopping Centers yang menyediakan area parkir di tempat terpisah dari toko (terpencil)dan pelanggan akan berjalan untuk menuju toko. Mall memiliki ruas jalan yang diapit toko (berhadapan) untuk dilalui konsumen. CITY OR TOWN LOCATIONSSekalipun shopping center ini berada di kota besar, lokasi ritel ini bertipe tidak direncanakan, dimiliki banyak pemilik, dan mempunyai akses langsung dari jalan.The Central Business District merupakan area bisnis tradisional yang berada di keramaian kota dalam suatu kota besar.

scholarly journals A Study on the Optimization of High School Buildings for Evacuation Safety: Classroom Layout and Ramps in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 358-368
Author(s):  
Chang-Jun Choi, Ha-Sung Kong
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Layout Analysis ◽  
The Third ◽  
School Year ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Evacuation Safety ◽  
The Right

This study used the Pathfinder program to evaluate evacuation safety by assuming evacuation training in high school buildings and changing classroom layout. Analysis of the final evacuation requirements for Scenario 2, which currently has a concentration of classrooms on the third floor of the building, showed that Scenario 2 reduced 29.6 seconds to 173.9 seconds compared to Scenario 1's 203.5 seconds. However, the analysis of Scenario 3, in which 10 classrooms and personnel of three grades were placed equally on the left and right sides of the building, showed that the final evacuation requirements were reduced 3.9 seconds to 170.0 seconds compared to Scenario 2, but there was no significant difference. Scenario 3, which has more the efficiency of school year operation by placing classroom layout on the same floor by grade level than Scenario 2, in which more classrooms and students were placed downstairs. In each scenario, an analysis of the final evacuation requirements showed that the evacuation exit T1 on the left side of the building was 28 seconds or more shorter than T3 on the right side of the building. Therefore, it was analyzed that proper classroom layout and ramp facilities in high school buildings ensure evacuation safety

Power, Conflict and Satisfaction: Perceptions of Shopping Center Based Small Retailers

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Jack Dart
Keyword(s):  
Shopping Center ◽  
Shopping Centers ◽  
Several Variables

With shopping centers capturing an increasing share of the consumer dollar, many small retailers have located in these complexes. In so doing, they agree to operate within a elaborate set of regulations which prescribe many merchandising practices and which are enforced by the shopping center manager. This paper deals with the satisfaction of small retailers with these arrangements and the extent of conflict they experience with the center manager. Several variables are examined to determine their ability to predict these conflict and satisfaction levels.

scholarly journals Espaço Público e Shopping Center na Cidade Contemporânea: Novos Significados do North Shopping em Fortaleza - CE

2012 ◽  
pp. 128-155
Author(s):  
Tiago Estevam Gonçalves ◽  
Tatiane Rodrigues Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Shopping Mall ◽  
Shopping Center ◽  
Shopping Centers ◽  
Private Space ◽  
The Public ◽  
The North ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
The City

Iniciar uma reflexão acerca da cidade atual nos remete à necessidade de construirmos uma análise sobre os shopping centers como espaços que tem atraído um fluxo considerável da população, ocasionando mudanças na relação dos citadinos com os espaços públicos.  Nesta perspectiva, temos como objetivo analisar o  North Shopping, localizado na cidade de Fortaleza, como um espaço de uso popular onde as camadas de menor poder aquisitivo podem adentrar e usufruir de seus atributos. Imbuídos de tal finalidade nosso aporte teórico fundamentou-se em Pintaudi (1992), Dantas (1995), Silva (1996) Lefebvre (1999), Carlos (2001), Gomes (2002) e Serpa (2007). Conclui-se que na cidade de Fortaleza, o North Shopping é um verdadeiro simulacro da realidade, substituindo as experiências cotidianas dos espaços públicos, configurando-se, assim, a supervalorização do espaço privado que se traveste de público tendo repercussões na nova urbanidade fortalezense.  Public Space and Shopping Mall in the Contemporary City: New Meanings of North Shopping in Fortaleza/CE  Abstract Start a discussion about the current city us the need to build an analysis on malls as spaces that have attracted a considerable  flow of people, causing changes in the relationships of the townspeople with the public spaces. In this perpective, we have to anlyze the North Shopping, located in Fortaleza, as a space where the popular use of lower purchasing power can enter and enjoy its atributes. Imbued with this purpose our theoretival approach was bases on Pintaudi (1992), Dantas (1995), Silva (1996) Lefebvre (1999), Carlos (2001), Gomes (2002) e Serpa (2007).  It’s concluded that in the city of Fortaleza, the North Shopping is a true simulation of reality, replacing the daily experiences of public spaces, becoming  thusovervaluation of private space of public who dresss as having impact on new fortaleza’s urbanity. Espacio Público y Centro Comercial en Ciudad Contemporánea: Nuevos Sentidos del North Shopoing en la Fortaleza/CE ResumenIniciar uma reflexión acerca de la actual ciudad nos recuerda la necesidad de construir um análisis acerca de los centros comerciales como espacios que han atraído um flujo considerable de personas, provocando câmbios en la relación de los habitantes de la ciudad com los espacios públicos. Em esta perspectiva, tenemos que analisar el North Shopping, que se encuentra en Fortaleza, como um espacio de uso popular donde lãs camadas de menor poder adquisitivo pueden entrar y disfrutar de sus atributos. Imbuido de esa finalidad nuestro aporte teórico se fundamento em: Pintaudi (1992), Dantas (1995), Silva (1996) Lefebvre (1999), Carlos (2001), Gomes (2002) y Serpa (2004). Se puede concluir que en la ciudad de Fortaleza el North Shopping es uma  verdadera simulación de la realidad, sustituición de las experiencias diárias de los espacios públicos, convertiéndose, asó, la sobrevaluación del espacio privado que se passa por el público tenendo impactos en la nueva urbanidad de Fortaleza.10.7147/GEO10.1573

scholarly journals Safety in health: The evacuation of immobile persons from gerontology institution

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-46
Author(s):  
Radoje Jevtić
Keyword(s):  
Computer Software ◽  
Administrative Staff ◽  
National Strategy ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
The Third

Introduction/Aim: Gerontology institutions present objects with the presence of a great number of partly mobile or immobile persons. In emergency conditions, their evacuation because of noted reasons can take longer, so the aim of the research was to present several ways for the evacuation of partly mobile and immobile persons older than 70, from gerontology institutions, and to evaluate necessary evacuation time. Methods: For this research, the software Pathfinder 2020 was used for the calculation of evacuation times and predicting of potential situations during evacuation. The gerontology institution, as a used model, presents an object with a basement and four floors. All floors have 16 rooms with two patients in every room. Floors are connected with main stairs, emergency stairs and with four elevators (two cargo elevators for 12 persons per elevator, and two passenger elevators for 6 persons per elevator). The total number of medical and administrative staff is 44, and the number of users of gerontological institution services is 128. The simulation of evacuation from gerontology institution was realized for four different scenarios: The first, when all the elevators are in function and all stairs are accessible; the second, when none of the elevators works but stairs are accessible; the third, when only emergency stairs are in function; the fourth, when only main stairs are in function. Each of these four scenarios has four different situations that depend on the evaluated speed of patient`s movement. Results: The evacuation time when it is possible to use all elevators and stairs is from 895 seconds (14.9 minutes) (for the fastest movement of persons - the first situation) to 958 seconds (16 minutes) (for the slowest movement of persons - the fourth situation), for main and emergency stairs from 984 to 1111.1 seconds (16.4-18.5 minutes), only for emergency stairs from 1997.6 to 2765.3 seconds (33.3-46.1 minutes), and only for main stairs from 1365 to 2342 seconds (22.8-39.0 minutes). Conclusion: The usage of computer software Pathfinder 2020 for the simulation of evacuation presents a very important, safe and cheap way for predicting evacuation way and speed, which can contribute to the national strategy for emergency situations.

scholarly journals Sinema Terbuka Sebagai Ruang Ketiga di Jakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1321
Author(s):  
Tramilia Salsabila Utami ◽  
Nina Carina
Keyword(s):  
Shopping Mall ◽  
Shopping Center ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Third Place ◽  
Meeting Point ◽  
The Third ◽  
To Come ◽  
Main Activity ◽  
The City

Cinema in Jakarta generally located in a shopping mall in Jakarta. Cinema nowadays becomes a destination for people but not yet become a third place. The lack of third place in Jakarta that can provide a place for gathering, as a meeting point, and entertainment makes Jakarta residents used commercial building as a third place. Looking at the design and program a cinema that can meet the conditions and characteristics of a third place by looking at the phenomenon cinema in Jakarta. Open cinema takes layar tancap concept or "misbar" that have been established in Indonesia. The purpose of layar tancap is to give an entertainment in areas that are difficult to reach, apparently can be applied in the city. Under the discussion, a cinema should be able to become the third place so that makes the visitor feel comfortable, with the main activity is watching a movie. Open cinema is expected to become a third place that can provide entertainment watching a movie in Jakarta without having to come to a cinema in a shopping center. Cinema that can become a third place in Jakarta. Giving a cinema with a different atmosphere, trying to give space for people to interact while providing entertainment. Keywords: Entertainment; Open Cinema; Third place AbstrakBioskop di Jakarta umunya berada di dalam pusat perbelanjaan besar di Jakarta. Bioskop saat ini menjadi tujuan namun belum menjadi sebuah third place. Minimnya third place di Kota Jakarta yang dapat memberikan wadah untuk berkumpul, titik temu, dan menyediakan sebuah hiburan membuat warga Jakarta menjadikan bangunan komersil sebuah third place. Bagaimana desain dan program sebuah bioskop yang dapat memenuhi syarat dan ketentuan sebuah third place dengan melihat fenomena bioskop di Jakarta saat ini. Open cinema atau sinema terbuka mengambil konsep layar tancap atau misbar yang dari dulu sudah ada di Indonesia. Layar tancap yang tujuan utamanya adalah untuk memberikan hiburan di daerah yang sulit dijangkau ternyata dapat diterapkan di kota besar. Dalam pembahasan sebuah bioskop seharusnya dapat menjadi ruang ketiga sehingga dapat membuat penggunanya merasa nyaman, dengan memberikan aktivitas utama menonton film. Open Cinema diharapkan dapat menjadi third place yang dapat menyediakan hiburan menonton di Jakarta tanpa harus datang ke bioskop di pusat perbelanjaan kota seperti bioskop saat ini. Open Cinema dapat menjadi sebuah third place di kota Jakarta, yang memberikan hiburan menonton dengan suasana yang berbeda, berusaha memberikan ruang hiburan dan interaksi bagi masyarakat.

scholarly journals A new framework for high-resolution pedestrian data processing using rule-based algorithms and real-time alarm systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. A99
Author(s):  
Michael Moos ◽  
Basil Vitins ◽  
Mirwais Tayebi ◽  
Lukas Gamper ◽  
Julia Wysling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Strategic Communication ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Shopping Centers ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Fundamental Diagram ◽  
Technological Advances

Pedestrian flows and densities have increased in recent years within transport-related public facilities such as train stations, as well as in private buildings such as shopping centers, event halls or convention centers. Increasing flows and high densities often raise comfort, safety, operational and delay issues; and therefore, require pedestrian flow optimization, intervention or even revised regulation. Recent technological advances enhanced pedestrian sensing; however, they disregard adaptive data capture, processing, and strategic communication within reasonable time, or real-time, such as tactic occupancy or density alarms trigger rules. Content of this research is twofold. First, new data capturing and processing advances of recent technological developments are combined in an integral software and hardware-based framework. Second, applied methods highlight projects and experiences on both pedestrian research and on existing and operating pedestrian facilities. Based on the described, two-sided approach, proposed framework is able to fulfil high safety and comfort standards of facilities such as train stations, retail facilities or event halls. In this research, past semi-automatic video analysis processing of pedestrian behavioral studies is replaced with combined sensor and data processing system within proposed framework. In train stations of major operators, real-time pedestrian observation increases safety levels on station platforms. Tactic algorithms and alarm trigger schemes enable on-time surveillance, e.g. at overcrowded floor levels in shopping centers for escalator or door closure. Sensor data is used to train models for underpass pedestrian flow regarding path choice and fundamental diagram. In retail, queue length, trajectory analysis and floor occupancy are determined for economic, comfort as well as safety evaluation. Using trajectory classification, movement and dwell time is analyzed for staff and visitors separately (see Figure 1).

scholarly journals Shopping center: consumo, simulação e controle social

Finisterra ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (102) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eda Maria Góes
Keyword(s):  
Shopping Center ◽  
Shopping Centers

O consumo mudou de intensidade, conteúdo e status, conformando o mundo e se associando aos processos de diferenciação. Partindo deste pressuposto, mas sem desconsiderar problemas decorrentes, como a alienação, sobre a produção do espaço urbano, entendemos que os shopping centers são espaços estratégicos para o entendimento desses processos nas cidades médias brasileiras. A perspectiva de análise é a do cotidiano, com atenção às práticas espaciais dos diferentes frequentadores, em sua relação com a atuação dos agentes produtores dos shopping centers, o que implica levar em conta as dimensões simbólicas, tanto do consumo (conduta ativa e coletiva, sistema de valores, função de integração e de controle social), quanto destes espaços, supostamente convertidos em espaços públicos contemporâneos, o que se relaciona diretamente com a sua capacidade de exercer um férreo controle interno, sem deixar de proporcionar sensação de liberdade e assim, também, aos limites dessas simulações.

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