scholarly journals A Study on Improvement of Evacuation Safety Evaluation for Performance Based Design in Underground Parking Lot

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Joo Song ◽  
II-Chean Kong ◽  
Hak-Jung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Performance Based Design ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Evacuation Safety

scholarly journals A Study of the Direction of Evacuation Evaluation According to the Fire Alarm Method in Performance-Based Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
Jun-Ho Hur ◽  
Keesin Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Performance Based Design ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Fire Alarm ◽  
Evacuation Safety ◽  
A Performance

In performance-based design applied to domestic buildings, when evaluating evacuation by fire alarm, safety evaluation by single-floor horizontal evacuation contradicts the priority alarm method of the immediately upper and four higher floors, which is the fire alarm standard of the current firefighting design, making it difficult to improve evacuation safety through safety in performance-based design. Therefore, by analyzing the domestic fire alarm design standards and evaluating the evacuation simulation case by case for a single floor, immediate upper floor, and four floors directly above, the evacuation evaluation is performed through priority alarm evacuation according to the size of the building. It was judged to be suited to actual conditions. Therefore, a performance-based design is proposed as a method of evaluating evacuation safety by including the floor classification and providing an evacuation personnel calculation reflecting the priority alarm method above according to the size of the building and an analysis of congestion and evacuation delay phenomena.

scholarly journals Evacuation Safety Evaluation in the Event of a Fire in a Shopping Center with a Connected Passageway in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-339
Author(s):  
Seo-Young Kim, Ha-Sung Kong
Keyword(s):  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Shopping Center ◽  
Shopping Centers ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
The Third ◽  
Evacuation Safety ◽  
Evacuation Route

In this study, scenarios were developed to evaluate evacuation safety in the event of a fire in a shopping center with a connected passageway and to reduce Required Safe Egress Time (RSET). The RSET for all occupants by scenario is as follows: The first scenario which used the general evacuation route took 20 minutes and 7 seconds. The second scenario which used the third floor’s connected passageway for third and fourth floor, and using first floor entrance for first and second floor to evacuate took 14 minutes and 11 seconds. The evacuation time was 36 minutes and 52 seconds for scenario 3, which only used the fire escape stairs. The fourth scenario took 4 minutes and 19 seconds and used a connected passageway on every floor. Overall, this study shows that RSET for all occupants is reduced when a connected passageway is installed on every floor in shopping centers. Henceforth, more research is needed to determine whether connected passageway is a single firefighting object or a separate structure.

scholarly journals Evaluating Fire Risk of Long-term Care Hospitals for the Elderly

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Soo-Kyung Shin ◽  
Young-Hoon Bae ◽  
Jun-Ho Choi
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Refuge Area ◽  
Evacuation Safety ◽  
Refuge Areas

Long-term care hospitals for the elderly have a high risk of fire. To reduce this risk, the installation of a horizontal refuge area has been stipulated since 2015. However, most hospitals are still at risk due to the lack of retroactive regulations. Therefore, in this study, the efficiency of the horizontal refuge area was analyzed through evacuation safety evaluation using fire and evacuation simulations. As a result of evacuation safety evaluation for the two hospitals, the reduction ratio of evacuation time was 70% (day time) and 77% (night time). In addition, evacuation safety can be secured through the installation of a horizontal refuge area. The results of this study are expected to be used as a basis for preparing retroactive regulations for horizontal refuge areas in long-term care hospitals for the elderly in the future.

scholarly journals A Study on the Improvement Plan of Performance-based Design of Officetels of Residential Structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
Young-Joo Song ◽  
D-ong-Gil Seo ◽  
Mi-Seon Kim ◽  
Hak-Joong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Delay Time ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Performance Based Design ◽  
Preliminary Survey ◽  
Improvement Plan ◽  
Metropolitan City ◽  
Residential Structures ◽  
Evacuation Safety ◽  
Fire Door

This study aims to identify the effect of the occupant density, application of the evacuation delay time, and the degree of opening of the fire doors in the household, parameters that are used in the performance-based design of the officetels of a residential structure, on the evaluation of evacuation safety and to suggest realistic alternatives. To this end, a preliminary survey was conducted on the number and ratio of residential officetels among the performance-based design targets in Gwangju Metropolitan City, which were implemented up to December 2020. Following this, two representative examples were selected, and for each type, an occupant density of 9.3 m2/person and 18.6 m2/person and an evacuation delay time of W1 and W2 were applied. In addition, for the degree of opening of the fire doors, full opening, 1/4 opening, and leakage gap were applied. With these conditions, the evaluation of evacuation safety was performed for 32 cases. Results of the evaluation showed that evacuation safety was secured in all cases for an occupant density of 18.6 m2/person, an evacuation delay time of W2, and the application of a leakage gap to the opening of the fire door. Therefore, using the above mentioned three parameters for the performance-based design of officetels of residential structures, we have proposed a more realistic design method in this study.

scholarly journals Evacuation Safety and Time in Apartment using Egress Simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Jaehoon Lee ◽  
Tian-Feng Yuan ◽  
Jin-Seok Choi ◽  
Youngsoo Yoon
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Evacuation Safety ◽  
Evacuation Plan ◽  
Egress Simulation

The special act for the management of disasters in super high-rise buildings and complex buildings with underground connections included the installation of a certain area of evacuation safety layer within 30 floors for high-rise buildings. However, for high-rise buildings with 30 stories or less, there is no separate regulation for evacuation safety floors. For high-rise apartments with less than 30 stories that do not have regulations for evacuation safety floors, an underground parking lot can be designated as a refuge shelter-in-place (SIP). This study aims to provide an optimal evacuation plan for evacuation simulations in high-rise apartments. This plan will ensure that the occupants are safely evacuated to the refuge SIP within a minimum timeframe. Evacuation simulations are conducted to establish an optimum evacuation plan. This is because there could be delays in the evacuation time as well as human casualties when evacuating to a SIP using stairs for the elderly and the disabled. Therefore, the elderly and the disabled use elevators to evacuate. The scenarios in this study were simulated on the basis of the number of occupants, the speed of the elevator, the number of evacuation stairs as SIP escape routes, and whether the elevator was used.

scholarly journals A Study on the Safety of Evacuation according to Evacuation Delay Time and Fire Door Openness: Based on Residence Types

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-165
Author(s):  
Dong-Gil Seo ◽  
Mi-Seon Kim ◽  
Seon-Hwan Gu ◽  
Young-Joo Song
Keyword(s):  
Delay Time ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Initiation Time ◽  
Metropolitan City ◽  
Evacuation Safety ◽  
Safety Evacuation ◽  
Realistic Data ◽  
Fire Door

In this paper, the application of evacuation delay time (Cognition time + initiation time) and examine the degree of opening of fire doors in households for evaluating evacuation safety and suggest a realistic alternative. In order to proceed with this study, first of all, the preliminary investigation on evacuation safety evacuation of residential-type buildings (Apartment, urban living houses, etc.) among the performance-oriented design targets of Gwangju Metropolitan City, which was implemented until June 2018. Then, for the two representative types that are commonly used among the previously surveyed buildings, evacuation delay time is applied to W1, W2, and respectively simulating the opening of the doors is applied to th full open, 1/4 open, the leakage gap and evacuation safety evaluation was performed. As a result of evaluating evacuation safety was found that it is difficult to secure evacuation safety regardless of evacuation delay time W1 and W2 when the fire door is fully open and 1/4 open, Only when the leakage gap is applied evacuation safety was ensured even if evacuation delay time W2 was applied. Therefore, when a residential building is subject to performance-oriented design, evaluating the application of W2 rather than W1 is considered for evacuation delay time to reflect concern about privacy infringement due to CCTV installation, etc. In order to secure the Smoke blocking performance of the fire door and to improve the performance-oriented design, I would like to propose to consider the method of applying a leak gap to the degree of opening of the fire door. Through this, it is expected that the performance-oriented design will be a step further by performing evacuation safety evaluation with more realistic data.

Study on Fire Design in Xuefengshan Highway Tunnel

2012 ◽  
Vol 170-173 ◽  
pp. 1652-1655
Author(s):  
Yong Lin An
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Velocity ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Road Tunnel ◽  
Tunnel Fire ◽  
Highway Tunnel ◽  
Radiation Theory ◽  
Evacuation Safety ◽  
Fire Spreading

The fundamental principle for tunnel fire fighting design is to ensure the safety of people’s escape from tunnel fire. Therefore the computer model Tunev (tunnel evacuation) for the people's safe escape was developed. In order to evaluate evacuation safety, Fire risk times Tfire was firstly gotten through simulations of a middle size fire, whose heat release rate (HRR) was 20MW, with a longitudinal velocity of 3m/s suggested in Code for Design of Road Tunnel of 2004, and evacuation times Tevacuate was calculated by an empirical formula in the Togawa evacuation model. Meanwhile, fire spreading to other cars was analyzed by radiation theory. Finally, cross passage spacing was optimized in a method of evacuation safety evaluation. Results are given as follows: Tfire equal to 290s are bigger than Tevacuate equal to 267s, the smallest igniting spacing between cars is 13m, and the optimized cross passage spacing is 290m. All those are shown that: evacuation is safe, and to some extent code is testified correct.

scholarly journals A Study on the Heat Release Characteristics of Fire Load for Performance Based Design of Multiplexes: A Focus on the Heat Release Rate and Fire Spread Rate of Cinema Seats

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Dong-Gun Nam ◽  
Hyo-Yeon Jang ◽  
Cheol-Hong Hwang ◽  
Ohk-Kun Lim
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Performance Based Design ◽  
Unit Mass ◽  
Spread Rate ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Evacuation Safety

As performance-based design (PBD) has a direct impact on evacuation safety assessments, designing fire scenarios based on real fire tests is essential. To improve the reliability of the PBD for fire safety in multiplexes, information on fire behavior, such as heat release rate (HRR) and fire spread rate, are provided in this study by conducting a standard fabric flammability test. To this end, several chairs were arranged in a pattern that resembled a theater-style seating. The peak HRR and heating value per unit mass for each chair ranged from 415 kW to 988 kW and 15.2 MJ/kg to 23.8 MJ/kg, respectively. The heating values per unit mass of the new and old chairs were 23.6 MJ/kg and 16.7 MJ/kg, respectively. As the quantity of plastic and cushioning materials in the new chairs was more than that of the old ones, the new chairs were more vulnerable to fire hazards. Furthermore, when the chairs were arranged in a line, the fire spread rate was observed to be 0.39–0.42 m/min, regardless of the ignition location. Finally, a fire growth curve showing the peak HRR and fire spread rate was also demonstrated.

A Study on the Improvement of Domestic Evacuation Safety Assessment through Case Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 1065-1069 ◽  
pp. 2333-2336
Author(s):  
Su Roh Park ◽  
Eun Kyoung Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Performance Based Design ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Scientific Performance ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Safety Design ◽  
Evacuation Safety ◽  
Behavior Characteristics

Recently buildings have undergone many changes with more high-rise, larger and more complex structures being developed. All over the world, safety designs for buildings are being established through a variety of experiments and analysis of the planning and design stage of a comprehensive and scientific performance-based safety design for evacuation. In this study, this study seeks to present development directions for criteria related to domestic evacuation safety assessment through case studies. As a results, it is necessary to develop simulation programs as well as fire and evacuation scenarios that reflect domestic characteristics such as human behavior characteristics and space and occupants’ speed of movement so that appropriate performance-based design can be established. In addition, as the evacuation safety assessment-related standards are being manifested in building law and fire prevention regulations, it is determined that the need to develop integrated codes is immediate.

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