scholarly journals THE NATURAL DYNAMICS OF THE DIVERSITY OF SMALL MAMMAL’S COMMUNITIES IN PRIMARY FORESTS IN THE CENTRAL OF THE CASPIAN-BALTIC WATERSHED

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Anatoly Istomin ◽  
Sergey Mikhalap
Keyword(s):  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Gis Analysis ◽  
Climatic Trends ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Natural Dynamics ◽  
Gradient Approach ◽  
Primary Forests ◽  
The Continuum

Diversity is one of the main characteristics of the system, which reflects its complexity and structure. Diversity of biotic communities is always being actively discussed in the consideration of their organization, functioning, and sustainability. However, many questions still remain debatable. The report deals with the results of long-term (1980-2015) studies of the diversity of micromammalia communities in the primary ecosystems of southern Taiga of the Central Forest State Natural Biosphere Reserve (Russia), which is located in the centre of the Caspian-Baltic watershed. The diversity change of small mammals’ communities was connected with climatic trends, extreme and catastrophic climatic phenomena. The authors offer methods of research and evaluation of α - and β-diversity of communities in conditions of the continuum of the environment of primary forests with the use of the gradient approach and GIS analysis.

Long term natural dynamics of an alpine lichen heath in the Teberda State Biosphere Reserve, Northwestern Caucasus

Botany ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana G. Elumeeva ◽  
Dzhamal K. Tekeev ◽  
Svetlana U. Bairamkulova ◽  
Vladimir G. Onipchenko
Keyword(s):  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Northwestern Caucasus ◽  
Selected Traits ◽  
Natural Dynamics ◽  
Linear Regressions

The alpine vegetation of Europe and the Caucasus has experienced substantial changes due to climate warming and reduced grazing. Exposed ridge communities, such as alpine heaths, are presumed to be less vulnerable to such processes. Herein, we analyze long-term (37 years) dynamics of an alpine lichen heath in the Teberda State Biosphere Reserve, Karachaevo-Cherkessian Republic, Russia. We counted the shoots of all vascular plants present on permanent plots. Autocorrelated linear regressions, a non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination, and fourth-corner analysis were applied to characterize the relationships between shoot numbers, climate variables (temperatures and precipitation), functional traits, and species strategies. Nine species, including dominant Festuca ovina and Antennaria dioica, increased their abundance, and Carex spp. were observed to decrease. The overall dynamics were mainly driven by increasing mean temperatures during the growing season (July and August). None of the changes observed in the selected traits were correlated with increasing or decreasing numbers of species. However, some traits (plant height, specific root length, specific leaf area, and leaf carbon content) were potentially associated with climate variables. The observed dynamics suggested an overall increase in the abundance of herbaceous plants. Generally, our results support “greening” effects in tundra and alpine biomes.

scholarly journals Documentary data and the study of past droughts: a global state of the art

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1915-1960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Brázdil ◽  
Andrea Kiss ◽  
Jürg Luterbacher ◽  
David J. Nash ◽  
Ladislava Řezníčková
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Climatic Trends ◽  
Instrumental Observations ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Epigraphic Evidence ◽  
Administrative Evidence

Abstract. The use of documentary evidence to investigate past climatic trends and events has become a recognised approach in recent decades. This contribution presents the state of the art in its application to droughts. The range of documentary evidence is very wide, including general annals, chronicles, memoirs and diaries kept by missionaries, travellers and those specifically interested in the weather; records kept by administrators tasked with keeping accounts and other financial and economic records; legal-administrative evidence; religious sources; letters; songs; newspapers and journals; pictographic evidence; chronograms; epigraphic evidence; early instrumental observations; society commentaries; and compilations and books. These are available from many parts of the world. This variety of documentary information is evaluated with respect to the reconstruction of hydroclimatic conditions (precipitation, drought frequency and drought indices). Documentary-based drought reconstructions are then addressed in terms of long-term spatio-temporal fluctuations, major drought events, relationships with external forcing and large-scale climate drivers, socio-economic impacts and human responses. Documentary-based drought series are also considered from the viewpoint of spatio-temporal variability for certain continents, and their employment together with hydroclimate reconstructions from other proxies (in particular tree rings) is discussed. Finally, conclusions are drawn, and challenges for the future use of documentary evidence in the study of droughts are presented.

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN THE VISIM NATURE RESERVE: FROM THE VISIM RESERVE TO THE BIOSPHERE RESERVE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Y. FEDOROV ◽  
◽  
I.A. KUZNETSOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Educational Tourism ◽  
Nature Preservation ◽  
Recreational Pressure ◽  
Taiga Forests

This article presents a historical analysis of human impact and further step-by-step nature reserve creation within the territory of the current Visimsky State Biosphere Reserve. From the end of XVII to the middle of XX centuries the ecosystem of low-mountain southern taiga forests in the Middle Ural region was strongly exploited by a local mining and metallurgical industry. The establishment of the Visim State Reserve in 1946 did not provide sustainable results but initiated research studies that laid a foundation for a subsequent preservation and the studies of the endemic taiga forests of the Middle Ural in the framework of the modern Visimsky State Biosphere Reserve. Since 1975 the science department of the reserve has conducted regular observations of the nature processes. The reserve has established long-term and efficient collaboration with the Institute of Ecology of Animals and Plants, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The joint research findings are used in practical solutions of the nature preservation in the region. This collaboration is also focused on the monitoring of the recreational pressure caused by the educational tourism.

Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve—Long-Term Assessment of Water Quality

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-43
Author(s):  
Cristina Despina ◽  
Liliana Teodorof ◽  
Adrian Burada ◽  
Daniela Seceleanu-Odor ◽  
Iuliana-Mihaela Tudor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Danube Delta ◽  
Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve

scholarly journals Profiling Suicide Exposure Risk Factors for Psychological Distress: An Empirical Test of the Proposed Continuum of Survivorship Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navjot Bhullar ◽  
Rebecca L. Sanford ◽  
Myfanwy Maple
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Exposure Risk ◽  
Suicide Death ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Survivorship Model ◽  
The Continuum

The Continuum of Survivorship proposes a way in which individuals may experience the suicide death of someone known to them along a continuum from being exposed to the death through to long-term bereavement. The present study provides a first empirical testing of the proposed model in an Australian community sample exposed to suicide. Using a Latent Profile Analysis, we tested the suicide exposure risk factors (time since death, frequency of pre-death contact, reported closeness, and perceived impact) to map to the Continuum of Survivorship model. Results revealed identification of five profiles, with four ranging from suicide exposed to suicide bereaved long-term broadly aligning with the proposed model, with one further profile being identified that represented a discordant profile of low closeness and high impact of suicide exposure. Our findings demonstrate that while the proposed model is useful to better understand the psychological distress related to exposure to suicide, it cannot be used as “shorthand” for identifying those who will be most distressed, nor those who may most likely need additional support following a suicide death. Implications and future research directions are discussed.

scholarly journals Impact of a Model Used to Simulate Chronic Socio-Environmental Stressors Encountered during Spaceflight on Murine Intestinal Microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7863
Author(s):  
Corentine Alauzet ◽  
Lisiane Cunat ◽  
Maxime Wack ◽  
Laurence Lanfumey ◽  
Christine Legrand-Frossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Space Mission ◽  
Psychosocial Stressors ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
The Impact

During deep-space travels, crewmembers face various physical and psychosocial stressors that could alter gut microbiota composition. Since it is well known that intestinal dysbiosis is involved in the onset or exacerbation of several disorders, the aim of this study was to evaluate changes in intestinal microbiota in a murine model used to mimic chronic psychosocial stressors encountered during a long-term space mission. We demonstrate that 3 weeks of exposure to this model (called CUMS for Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress) induce significant change in intracaecal β-diversity characterized by an important increase of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. These alterations are associated with a decrease of Porphyromonadaceae, particularly of the genus Barnesiella, a major member of gut microbiota in mice and humans where it is described as having protective properties. These results raise the question of the impact of stress-induced decrease of beneficial taxa, support recent data deduced from in-flight experimentations and other ground-based models, and emphasize the critical need for further studies exploring the impact of spaceflight on intestinal microbiota in order to propose strategies to countermeasure spaceflight-associated dysbiosis and its consequences on health.

scholarly journals Global consensus building and prioritisation of fundamental lupus challenges: the ALPHA project

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Manzi ◽  
Sandra Raymond ◽  
Karin Tse ◽  
Yaritza Peña ◽  
Annick Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Trial Design ◽  
Expert Interviews ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Global Consensus ◽  
Autoimmune Conditions ◽  
The Continuum

ObjectiveLupus is a complex, heterogeneous autoimmune disease that has yet to see significant progress towards more timely diagnosis, improved treatment options for short-term and long-term outcomes, and appropriate access to care. The Addressing Lupus Pillars for Health Advancement (ALPHA) project is the first step in establishing global consensus and developing concrete strategies to address the challenges limiting progress.MethodsA Global Advisory Committee of 13 individuals guided the project and began barrier identification. Seventeen expert interviews were conducted to further characterise key barriers. Transcripts were analysed using Nvivo and a codebook was created containing a list of thematic ‘nodes’ (topics) and their descriptions. Findings were used to develop a final survey instrument that was fielded to a diverse, international stakeholder audience to achieve broad consensus.ResultsExpert interviews identified lupus heterogeneity as the primary barrier hindering advancement. Subsequent barriers were categorised into three areas: (1) Drug development. (2) Clinical care. (3) Access and value. The global survey received 127 completed responses from experts across 20 countries. Respondents identified barriers as high priority including the lack of biomarkers for clinical and drug development use, flawed clinical trial design, lack of access to clinicians familiar with lupus, and obstacles to effective management of lupus due to social determinants of care. Respondents also identified 30 autoimmune conditions that may be lupus-related based on overlapping features, shared autoantibodies and pathophysiology.ConclusionsALPHA is a comprehensive initiative to identify and prioritise the continuum of challenges facing people with lupus by engaging a global audience of lupus experts. It also explored views on lupus as a spectrum of related diseases. Conclusions from this effort provide a framework to generate actionable approaches to the identified high-priority barriers.

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