PENIPUAN PERNIKAHAN PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM (Studi Kasus Putusan Nomor 0375/Pdt.G/2017/PA Kdi )

AbstrakPenelitian ini berkenaan dengan Penipuan Pernikahan Perspektif Hukum Islam Studi Kasus Putusan Nomor 0357/Pdt.G/2017/PA Kdi. Masalah yang dikemukan dalam penelitian ini meliputi pertimbangan hakim dalam memutuskan kasus penipuan pernikahan; Bentuk dan dampak penipuan pernikahan; serta perspektif hukum Islam pada penipuan pernikahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan obyek yaitu, Pengadilan Agama Kendari, dengan melakukan teknik pengumpulan data dengan bentuk wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa hakim mengabulkan gugatan penggugat yang telah di tipu dengan menggunakan alat bukti yang kuat yaitu saksi dan bukti administrasi. Bentuk-bentuk penipuan yang terjadi dalam lingkup Pengadilan Agama Kendari yaitu pemalsuan identitas diri suami atau istri. Dampak yang terjadi terhadap korban penipuan pernikahan yaitu psikis, fisik serta kerugian materi. Penipuan pernikahan yang terjadi agar dapat diberi sanksi yang dapat membuat efek jerah terhadap pelaku-pelaku juga turut serta dalam melakukan penipuan pernikahan.Kata kunci : Pernikahan, Penipuan, Hukum Islam AbstractThis research concerning Marriage Fraud Perspective of Islamic Law Case Study of Decision Number 0357 / Pdt.G / 2017 / PA Kdi. The problems raised in this study include consideration of judges in deciding cases of marriage fraud; The form and impact of marriage fraud; as well as Islamic legal perspectives on marriage fraud. This study uses qualitative research with objects namely, Kendari Religious Court, by conducting data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of this study revealed that the judge granted the plaintiff's claim which had been deceived by using strong evidence, namely the witness and administrative evidence. Forms of fraud that occur within the scope of the Kendari Religious Court are the falsification of the identity of the husband or wife. The impact on the victims of marriage fraud is psychological, physical and material losses. Marriage fraud that occurs in order to be sanctioned that can make a reddish effect on the perpetrators also participates in committing marriage fraud.Key words: Fraud, Marriage, Islamic Law

Documentary data and the study of past droughts: a global state of the art

The use of documentary evidence to investigate past climatic trends and events has become a recognised approach in recent decades. This contribution presents the state of the art in its application to droughts. The range of documentary evidence is very wide, including general annals, chronicles, memoirs and diaries kept by missionaries, travellers and those specifically interested in the weather; records kept by administrators tasked with keeping accounts and other financial and economic records; legal-administrative evidence; religious sources; letters; songs; newspapers and journals; pictographic evidence; chronograms; epigraphic evidence; early instrumental observations; society commentaries; and compilations and books. These are available from many parts of the world. This variety of documentary information is evaluated with respect to the reconstruction of hydroclimatic conditions (precipitation, drought frequency and drought indices). Documentary-based drought reconstructions are then addressed in terms of long-term spatio-temporal fluctuations, major drought events, relationships with external forcing and large-scale climate drivers, socio-economic impacts and human responses. Documentary-based drought series are also considered from the viewpoint of spatio-temporal variability for certain continents, and their employment together with hydroclimate reconstructions from other proxies (in particular tree rings) is discussed. Finally, conclusions are drawn, and challenges for the future use of documentary evidence in the study of droughts are presented.

Documentary data and the study of the past droughts: an overview of the state of the art worldwide

The use of documentary evidence to investigate past climatic trends and events has become a recognised approach in recent decades. This contribution presents the state of the art in its application to droughts. The range of documentary evidence is very wide, including: general annals, chronicles, and memoirs, diaries kept by missionaries, travellers and those specifically interested in the weather, the records kept by administrators tasked with keeping accounts and other financial and economic records, legal-administrative evidence, religious sources, letters, marketplace and shopkeepers' songs, newspapers and journals, pictographic evidence, chronograms, epigraphic evidence, early instrumental observations, society commentaries, compilations and books, and historical-climatological databases. These come from many parts of the world. This variety of documentary information is evaluated with respect to the reconstruction of hydroclimatic conditions (precipitation, drought frequency and drought indices). Documentary-based drought reconstructions are then addressed in terms of long-term spatio-temporal fluctuations, major drought events, relationships with external forcing and large-scale climate drivers, socio-economic impacts and human responses. Documentary-based drought series are also discussed from the viewpoint of spatio-temporal variability for certain continents, and their employment together with hydroclimate reconstructions from other proxies (in particular tree-rings) is discussed. Finally, conclusions are drawn and challenges for the future use of documentary evidence in the study of droughts are presented.

Dining on the Fringe? A Possible Minoan- Style Banquet Hall at Ayia Irini, Kea and the Minoanization of the Aegean Islands

Since its excavation by John Caskey and the University of Cincinnati from 1960 to 1976, Ayia Irini has served as one of the principal catalysts for investigations into the spread of Minoan culture throughout the Aegean in the later Middle and early Late Bronze Age (Fig. 14.1). Indeed, the abundance, concentration, and range of ceramic, architectural, iconographic, technological, and administrative evidence at the site that was inspired by, adapted, and/or adopted from the Cretan cultural package suggests that it functioned as one of the key nodes in the complex web of exchange networks that facilitated the dissemination of non-local traits across the region throughout this period (Abell 2014; Berg 2006, 2007; Davis 1979; Davis and Gorogianni 2008; Dietz 1998; Graziadio 1998; Knappett and Nikolakopoulou 2005; Knappett, Evans, and Rivers 2008; Knappett 2011; Nikolakopoulou 2007; Papagiannopoulou 1991; Schofield 1982a, 1982b, 1983, 1984a). Despite the quantity, quality, and variety of such evidence at Ayia Irini, however, only a single structure in the settlement, House A, has been hitherto recognized as betraying any indication of Minoan architectural influence (e.g. Berg 2007: 114; Cummer 1980; Cummer and Schofield 1984; Hitchcock 1998: 173; Letesson 2009: 298–303; Whitelaw 2005: 56). Currently located in the south-east quadrant of the site, though originally probably closer to its centre if changes in sea level are taken into account (Caskey 1962: 266, 278; 1964: 321; 1966: 365; 1971: 362), House A underwent a series of remodellings over the course of the Late Minoan IA through LM II periods (Cummer and Schofield 1984: 30–5; or Periods VI and VII in Caskey’s local pottery terminology), the end result of which produced an interesting blend of local and Minoanizing features.

What Explains the Gender Gap in College Track Dropout? Experimental and Administrative Evidence

We exploit a unique data set, combining rich experimental data with high-quality administrative data, to study dropout from the college track in Norway, and why boys are more likely to drop out. The paper provides three main findings. First, we show that family background and personal characteristics contribute to explain dropout. Second, we show that the gender difference in dropout rates appears both when the adolescents select into the college track and after they have started. Third, we show that different processes guide the choices of the boys and the girls of whether to drop out from the college track.