Oropharyngeal airway appliance for infant with upper airway obstruction: report of a case

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Shimoyama ◽  
T. Kato ◽  
Norio Horie ◽  
D. Nasu ◽  
T. Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Base Plate ◽  
Male Infant ◽  
Suction Catheter ◽  
Guide Tube ◽  
Oropharyngeal Airway ◽  
Airway Obstructions

A palatal appliance with oropharyngeal tube that reduces the upper airway obstructions of an elevenmonth-old male infant with severe cerebral palsy is presented. The palatal appliance was composed of the base plate, the outer guide tube that held the oropharyngeal tube inside it, and the extra outer guide tube for the suction catheter. After the setting of the appliance, respiratory distress was improved without side effects.

Metoclopramide-Induced Methemoglobinemia

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-366
Author(s):  
Gregory L. Kearns ◽  
Debra H. Fiser
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Male Infant ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Oxyhemoglobin Saturation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Motor Restlessness ◽  
Hemoglobin M

The case of a 3-week-old male infant is described. After receiving an iatrogenic overdose of metoclopramide (1.0 mg/kg every six hours) throughout a 36-hour period for the treatment of suspected gastroesophageal reflux, he became cyanotic, lethargic, and irritable, he fed poorly, and he had diarrhea and respiratory distress. Methemoglobinemia (20.5%) and reduced oxyhemoglobin saturation (79%) were identified. The patient had an excellent clinical response following a single IV dose of methylene blue. Subsequently, methemoglobin reductase activity was normal and there was no measurable hemoglobin M. The diagnosis of methemoglobinemia should be considered in any infant receiving large doses of metoclopramide who has clinical findings of cyanosis, ashen color, or a history of lethargy and/or motor restlessness.

scholarly journals Upper Airway Nerve Block for Rigid Bronchoscopy in the Patients with Tracheal Stenosis: A Case Serie

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parviz Amri ◽  
Novin Nikbakhsh ◽  
Seyed Reza Modaress ◽  
Ramin Nosrati
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Nerve Block ◽  
Tracheal Stenosis ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Rigid Bronchoscopy ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Intravenous Sedation ◽  
Nerve Blocks

Background: Rigid bronchoscopy is often used to diagnose and treat the location of resection of the tracheal stenosis. It is a selective procedure for the dilatation of tracheal stenosis, especially when accompanied by respiratory distress. Objectives: We introduced patients who were diagnosed with tracheal stenosis and candidate for rigid bronchoscopy dilatation by the upper airway nerve blocks. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on 17 patients who underwent dilatation with rigid bronchoscopy in tracheal stenosis at Hospitals affiliated with Babol University of Medical Sciences from 2002 to 2017. The patients were given three nerve blocks, 6 bilateral superior laryngeal nerve block, bilateral glossopharyngeal nerve block, and recurrent laryngeal nerve block (transtracheal) before awake rigid bronchoscopy using 2% lidocaine. We evaluated the demographic data, the cause of tracheal stenosis, the quality of the airway nerve block (Intubation score), patients’ satisfaction from bronchoscopy and thoracic surgeons’ satisfaction. Complications of nerve blocks were recorded. Results: From 2002 to 2017, 17 patients (14 were male and 3 were) female with tracheal stenosis who were candidates for dilatation with bronchoscopy and accepted the upper nerve block were included. The quality of the block was acceptable in 16 (94%) patients. 15 patients received fentanyl, and only two patients did not need to intravenous sedation. The mean age of patients was 29.59 ± 11.59. The average satisfaction of the surgeon was 8.82 ± 1.13 and the satisfaction of patients with anesthesia was 8.89 ± 1.16. There was one serious complication (laryngospasm) in one patient. Conclusions: The upper airway nerve block method is a suitable anesthesia technique for patients with tracheal stenosis who are candidates for the tracheal dilatation with rigid bronoscopy, especially when the patient has respiratory distress and has not been evaluated before surgery.

scholarly journals Sub-glottic cysts causing upper airway obstruction

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1203
Author(s):  
Swathi Chigicherla ◽  
Shruti Tewari ◽  
Rahul Deo Sharma ◽  
Rajesh Nathani
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Direct Laryngoscopy ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
First Case

<p class="abstract">Wigger and Tang reported the first case of a sub-glottic cyst (SGC) in 1968. SGC are rare but potentially reversible causes of upper airway obstruction, in previously intubated children. These children present with respiratory distress and stridor, and the diagnosis is confirmed by direct laryngoscopy. The management depends on the size of the cysts and the severity of the symptoms. We are presenting two cases of SGCs who were born prematurely and were intubated for a prolonged period. They presented with stridor and were diagnosed to have sub-glottic cysts at bronchoscopy.</p>

scholarly journals Paediatric paediatric tracheostomy: Changing indications and key complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
Guilherme Movio ◽  
Ms Shadaba Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Ventilatory Support ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Airway Obstructions ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Indications And Complications

Background: Paediatric Tracheostomy is a procedure used to ventilate children through a hole in the trachea. Indications for the procedure were once primarily for acute upper airway obstruction due to infections but have now changed. Generally, there is poor knowledge surrounding tracheostomies and a limited knowledge of guidelines amongst health-care professionals. Aim: The aim of this review is to discuss the basis of changes to the indications of paediatric tracheostomy. It  will also investigate the key complications related to the procedure and discuss the importance of multidisciplinary teams being aware of the emergency algorithms for dealing with such complications. Findings: Indications have changed due to advancements in medicine with increased life expectancy and survival rates for children with often life threatening congenital conditions. Tracheostomies can offer these children long term ventilatory support. Upper airway obstructions due to infections are now infrequently indicated for tracheostomy due to successful vaccination programs. Complications today are because of obstructions and decannulations. Intra-operative complications are infrequent, due to refinements in surgical technique. Conclusion: Paediatric Tracheostomy is a rapidly evolving field because of continuous advancements in neonatal and intensive care medicine. The indications and complications have changed together over the last four decades. A greater understanding of tracheostomy complications is requiredfor successful management.

scholarly journals The influence of craniofacial morphology on the upper airway dimensions

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 874-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iveta Indriksone ◽  
Gundega Jakobsone
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Oropharyngeal Airway ◽  
Semiautomatic Segmentation ◽  
Airway Dimensions

ABSTRACT Objective:  To evaluate the influence of craniofacial morphology on the upper airway dimensions in healthy adult subjects. Materials and Methods:  The records of 276 healthy 17- to 27-year-old patients were extracted from the cone-beam computed tomography image database of the Institute of Stomatology, Riga Stradins University. Dolphin 11.7 software was used to evaluate craniofacial anatomy and semiautomatic segmentation of the upper airway. Measurements of oropharyngeal airway volume (OPV), minimal cross-sectional area (CSAmin), and nasopharyngeal airway volume (NPV) were obtained. The presence of adenoid tissues was recorded. Associations between variables were analyzed by Spearman's correlation coefficients, and multivariate linear regression analysis was used to identify factors that had a possible influence on upper airway dimensions. Results:  The following factors were identified as influencing the variability of NPV (23%): SNA angle, gender, and presence of adenoids. Statistically significant, although weak, correlations were found between SNB angle and OPV (r  =  0.144, P &lt; .05) and CSAmin (r  =  0.182, P &lt; .01). Conclusion:  The results suggest that craniofacial morphology alone does not have a significant influence on upper airway dimensions.

Full-Term Male Infant with Respiratory Distress

Surgery ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 321-328
Author(s):  
Veronica F. Sullins ◽  
Steven L. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Male Infant ◽  
Full Term

Un suono che inganna: quando sospettare il doppio arco aortico

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
Virginia Giannone ◽  
Manuela Goia ◽  
Elisabetta Bignamini
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Vascular Ring ◽  
Male Infant ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Tracheal Compression ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
Vascular Structures ◽  
Chest Ct Scan

The article describes a case of a 10-month-old male infant presenting with respiratory distress, laryngotracheitis and double aortic arch (DAA). Tracheal compression by vascular structures in infants is uncommon and may be masked by nonspecific respiratory symptoms. DAA is the most common vascular ring. Doctors should think about a congenital vascular ring due to DAA in children with repeated episodes of laryngitis, hissing breath, cough and dyspnoea when other common aetiologies are excluded. A precise diagnosis can be made through the contrast-enhanced chest CT scan.

AIDS and Suctioning Newborn Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 520-521
Author(s):  
PAUL M. KEMPEN
Keyword(s):  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Endotracheal Intubation ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Suction Catheter ◽  
Meconium Aspiration ◽  
Endotracheal Suction ◽  
Suction Device ◽  
Recommended Therapy

To the Editor.— The current recommended therapy for patients with meconium aspiration consists of extensive suctioning of the oropharynx and nasopharynx after delivery of the head, with subsequent endotracheal intubation and deep suction with the endotracheal tube as the suction catheter. The upper airway is commonly cleared with a bulb syringe and/or a Delee suction device. With both the Delee and the currently recommended endotracheal suction methods, the physician's mouth is the source of negative pressure.

Stridor

2018 ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Sean Donovan ◽  
Heidi Cordi
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Symptom Control ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Short Time Period ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Mucosal Edema ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Nebulized Epinephrine ◽  
Short Time

This case illustrates acute respiratory distress in pediatric patient populations. More specifically, it highlights signs of upper airway obstruction, including stridor. This type of presentation most frequently occurs with croup, also known as laryngotracheobronchitis, but can also occur in other pathologic conditions, which are briefly discussed. Croup is a viral infection that causes upper respiratory tract symptoms, including a harsh “seal-like” barking cough, secondary to mucosal edema in the upper airway. Significant swelling can cause respiratory distress with development of stridor, prompting treatment with nebulized epinephrine. In addition, steroid medication is often administered for longer term symptom control. Most children recover well in a relatively short time period.

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