Lateral Knee Osteoarthritis

Background: gonarthrosis is a common entity characterized by involvement of one or more compartments, of which the lateral one is the one with the lowest incidence in isolation. Aim: the aims of this research are too updated on the most important features on lateral knee osteoarthritis and look for updated bibliography on the subject. Methods: PubMed, Hinari, SciELO and Medline databases were searched for citations from August 1st 2021 to September 30th 2021 using the EndNote search manager and reference manager. Out of 312 articles, 44 selected citations were used in this review, being 42 of the last five years. Results: the main causes of lateral knee osteoarthritis are mentioned, especially the secondary ones. Reference is made to the main clinical and imaging elements for diagnosis based on plain radiography and magnetic resonance imaging. Both conservative and surgical treatment modalities are exposed, in the latter the main indications and complications are described, among which osteotomies and arthroplasties stand out. Conclusions: lateral gonarthrosis is the least common of the unicompartmental gonarthrosis that affect the knee joint. Clinical and imaging diagnosis provides the essential elements for both conservative and surgical therapeutic behaviour, the latter modality includes techniques that preserve the joint such as osteotomies and others that do not, such as arthroplasties.

Techniques, indications and complications of pericardiocentesis

The main aim of pericardiocentesis is to remove excess fluid in the pericardial space and enhance the functions of the heart to intervene against the development of many complications. Accordingly, the procedure is usually performed to manage cardiac tamponade to correct secondary hypotension that attributes to the low stroke volume as a result of the external pressure of the pericardial fluid on the chambers of the heart. In the present literature review, we have discussed the techniques, indications, and complications of pericardiocentesis. Furthermore, the main techniques and approaches include computed tomography-guided pericardiocentesis, echo-guided, and fluoroscopy-guided techniques. These modalities can be successfully used for hemodynamically unstable patients to adequately remove excess fluid to normalize ventricular filling and maintain adequate cardiac output to the peripheral tissues. Considerations for using the modality have been made for small effusions and many authors suggest that it should not be routinely used in these situations. Many major and minor complications can occur secondary to conducting pericardiocentesis. The major complications might include lacerations of the intercostal vessels of the coronary arteries, injury to the cardiac chambers, death, puncture of the peritoneal cavity or abdominal viscera, pneumopericardium, pneumothorax which might require chest intubation, pericardial decompression syndrome, and ventricular arrhythmias. Therefore, carefully approaching these patients and deciding the best management plan, in addition to providing proper interventional approaches for the potential development of these complications is essential to enhance the intended outcomes and enhance the quality of care.

General public awareness of indications and complications of sleeve gastrectomy in Al'qassim region, Saudi Arabia

Background: Obesity is risingly becoming a health care problem. After ineffective tries to lose weight with lifestyle-based conservative methods, the most effective obesity treatment will become bariatric surgery. Objective of this study aimed to assess the awareness of the general public about indications and complications of sleeve gastrectomy in Al'Qassim region, Saudi Arabia.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among the general population living in Al'Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. A validated Arabic/English questionnaires were distributed among the targeted individual using an online platform. Questionnaires included demographic data, general knowledge about gastric sleeve and the knowledge toward the indication and complication of sleeve gastrectomy. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 26.Results: Nearly all participants were aware of sleeve gastrectomy (99.1%). The prevalence of participants who knew the indications and complications of sleeve gastrectomy were 60.9% and 72.2%, respectively. Furthermore, approximately three quarters (70.3%) were confident that the most common indication of the gastric sleeve was an adult with BMI >40 kg/m2. Statistical tests revealed that the knowledge toward the indication and complication of sleeve gastrectomy were more common among those who have heard about BMI and those who knew the BMI range of obese person (p<0.05).Conclusions: Although, general population awareness toward the indication and complication of sleeve gastrectomy was moderate, however, their knowledge about the BMI seems to be lacking. Having better knowledge about BMI likely influenced their awareness of the indications and complications of gastric sleeve.