scholarly journals OBESITY AND METABOLIC SYNDROME: PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL ROLE OF GUT MICROBIOTA AND POTENTIAL OF THE ALTERNATIVE THERAPY

2017 ◽  
pp. 120-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Aitbaev ◽  
I. T. Murkamilov
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Pathophysiological Role

scholarly journals Effects of whole-grain wheat, rye, and lignan supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in men with metabolic syndrome: a randomized crossover trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 864-876
Author(s):  
Anne K Eriksen ◽  
Carl Brunius ◽  
Mohsen Mazidi ◽  
Per M Hellström ◽  
Ulf Risérus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

ABSTRACT Background A whole-grain (WG)–rich diet has shown to have potential for both prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is a cluster of risk factors that increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Different WGs may have different health effects. WG rye, in particular, may improve glucose homeostasis and blood lipids, possibly mediated through fermentable dietary fiber and lignans. Recent studies have also suggested a crucial role of the gut microbiota in response to WG. Objectives The aim was to investigate WG rye, alone and with lignan supplements [secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG)], and WG wheat diets on glucose tolerance [oral-glucose-tolerance test (OGTT)], other cardiometabolic outcomes, enterolignans, and microbiota composition. Moreover, we exploratively evaluated the role of gut microbiota enterotypes in response to intervention diets. Methods Forty men with MetS risk profile were randomly assigned to WG diets in an 8-wk crossover study. The rye diet was supplemented with 280 mg SDG at weeks 4–8. Effects of treatment were evaluated by mixed-effects modeling, and effects on microbiota composition and the role of gut microbiota as a predictor of response to treatment were analyzed by random forest plots. Results The WG rye diet (± SDG supplements) did not affect the OGTT compared with WG wheat. Total and LDL cholesterol were lowered (−0.06 and −0.09 mmol/L, respectively; P < 0.05) after WG rye compared with WG wheat after 4 wk but not after 8 wk. WG rye resulted in higher abundance of Bifidobacterium [fold-change (FC) = 2.58, P < 0.001] compared with baseline and lower abundance of Clostridium genus compared with WG wheat (FC = 0.54, P = 0.02). The explorative analyses suggest that baseline enterotype is associated with total and LDL-cholesterol response to diet. Conclusions WG rye, alone or with SDG supplementation, compared with WG wheat did not affect glucose metabolism but caused transient LDL-cholesterol reduction. The effect of WG diets appeared to differ according to enterotype. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02987595.

scholarly journals The Mechanistic and Pathophysiological Role of Adiponectin and Resistin Towards Regulation of Food Intake and Appetite in Cardiovascular Associated Risk Factor of Metabolic Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimie Noratiqah Jumli ◽  
Muhammad Ilyas Nadeem
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Insulin Resistance Syndrome ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Syndrome X ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Pathophysiological Role

Insulin resistance syndrome or syndrome X is also known as metabolic syndrome (MetS). It is an emerging problem globally with the surge of increasing prevalence among urban population of developing countries. The etiology of pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome includes the inflammatory pathways of insulin resistance, deregulated appetite, diet-induced, inflammation-induced obesity, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that secrets adipokines like adiponectin and resistin during physiological and pathological states. Moreover, the adipokines associated with diet-induced and inflammation-induced obesity have secondary deteriorating effects on cardiovascular system. Although, the adiponectin and resistin were potentially found in regulating food intake and appetite but their mediating effect on pathophysiology of CVD still needs future investigations. However, the prior studies reported the association of adiponectin and resistin levels with CVD complications related to food intake but still there is need to understand its multifactorial heterogeneity. Therefore, literature suggests figuring out potential target mechanistic and therapeutic approaches of adiponectin and resistin hormone towards food intake and appetite involvement in metabolic syndrome and CVD.

scholarly journals Role of gut microbiota in metabolic syndrome: a review of recent evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. e105
Author(s):  
Manuel Alveirinho ◽  
Paula Freitas ◽  
Maria Leonor Faleiro
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota

The potential role of the intestinal gut microbiota in obesity and the metabolic syndrome

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 71-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Fava ◽  
Julie A. Lovegrove ◽  
Kieran M. Tuohy ◽  
Glenn R. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

scholarly journals Disrupted spermatogenesis in a metabolic syndrome model: the role of vitamin A metabolism in the gut–testis axis

Gut ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. gutjnl-2020-323347
Author(s):  
Teng Zhang ◽  
Peng Sun ◽  
Qi Geng ◽  
Haitao Fan ◽  
Yutian Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Sheep Model ◽  
Vitamin A Metabolism ◽  
Testicular Cells ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome Model

ObjectiveEffects of the diet-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis reach far beyond the gut. We aim to uncover the direct evidence involving the gut–testis axis in the aetiology of impaired spermatogenesis.DesignAn excessive-energy diet-induced metabolic syndrome (MetS) sheep model was established. The testicular samples, host metabolomes and gut microbiome were analysed. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) confirmed the linkage between gut microbiota and spermatogenesis.ResultsWe demonstrated that the number of arrested spermatogonia was markedly elevated by using 10× single-cell RNA-seq in the MetS model. Furthermore, through using metabolomics profiling and 16S rDNA-seq, we discovered that the absorption of vitamin A in the gut was abolished due to a notable reduction of bile acid levels, which was significantly associated with reduced abundance of Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group. Notably, the abnormal metabolic effects of vitamin A were transferable to the testicular cells through the circulating blood, which contributed to abnormal spermatogenesis, as confirmed by FMT.ConclusionThese findings define a starting point for linking the testicular function and regulation of gut microbiota via host metabolomes and will be of potential value for the treatment of male infertility in MetS.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota and Predicted Metabolic Pathways in a Sample of Mexican Women Affected by Obesity and Obesity Plus Metabolic Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Chávez-Carbajal ◽  
Khemlal Nirmalkar ◽  
Ana Pérez-Lizaur ◽  
Fernando Hernández-Quiroz ◽  
Silvia Ramírez-del-Alto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Mexican Women ◽  
Significant Enrichment ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
High Throughput Dna Sequencing

Obesity is an excessive fat accumulation that could lead to complications like metabolic syndrome. There are reports on gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome in relation to dietary, host genetics, and other environmental factors; however, it is necessary to explore the role of the gut microbiota metabolic pathways in populations like Mexicans, where the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome is high. This study identify alterations of the gut microbiota in a sample of healthy Mexican women (CO), women with obesity (OB), and women with obesity plus metabolic syndrome (OMS). We studied 67 women, characterizing their anthropometric and biochemical parameters along with their gut bacterial diversity by high-throughput DNA sequencing. Our results indicate that in OB or OMS women, Firmicutes was the most abundant bacterial phylum. We observed significant changes in abundances of bacteria belonging to the Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae families and significant enrichment of gut bacteria from 16 different taxa that might explain the observed metabolic alterations between the groups. Finally, the predicted functional metagenome of the gut microbiota found in each category shows differences in metabolic pathways related to lipid metabolism. We demonstrate that Mexican women have a particular bacterial gut microbiota characteristic of each phenotype. There are bacteria that potentially explain the observed metabolic differences between the groups, and gut bacteria in OMS and OB conditions carry more genes of metabolic pathways implicated in lipid metabolism.

scholarly journals The Potential Role of Gut Microbiota in the Prevention and Treatment of Lipid Metabolism Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yan-Jun He ◽  
Chong-Ge You
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Bile Salt Hydrolase ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Lipid Metabolism Disorders ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Syndromes

Due to changes in lifestyle, diet structure, and aging worldwide, the incidence of metabolic syndromes such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity is increasing. Metabolic syndrome is considered to be closely related to cardiovascular disease and severely affects human health. In recent years, researchers have revealed that the gut microbiota, through its own or interacting metabolites, has a positive role in regulating metabolic syndrome. Therefore, the gut microbiota has been a new “organ” for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. The role has not been clarified, and more research is necessary to prove the specific role of specific strains. Probiotics are also believed to regulate metabolic syndromes by regulating the gut microbiota and are expected to become a new preparation for treating metabolic syndromes. This review focuses on the regulation of lipid metabolism disorders by the gut microbiota through the effects of bile acids (BA), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile salt hydrolase (BSH), and genes such as ABCG5 and ABCG8, FXR, NPC1L, and LDL-R.

scholarly journals Role of Gut Microbiota in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Diseases and Metabolic Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. M. Drapkina ◽  
O. E. Shirobokikh
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain

The role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and metabolic syndrome has attracted massive attention in the past decade. Accumulating evidence has revealed that the metabolic potential of gut microbiota can be identified as a contributing factor in the development of atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure, obesity, diabetes mellitus. The gut-host interaction occurs through many pathways including trimethylamine-N-oxide pathway (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids and second bile acids pathways. TMAO (the hepatic oxidation product of the microbial metabolite of trimethylamine) enhances platelet hyperreactivity and thrombosis risk and predicts major adverse cardiovascular events. Short-chain fatty acids and second bile acids, which are produced with the help of microbiota, can modulate host lipid metabolism as well as carbohydrate metabolism through several receptors such as G-protein-coupled receptors 41,43, farnesoid X-receptor, Takeda-G-protein-receptor-5. This way microbiota can impact host lipid levels, processes of weight gain, insulin sensitivity. Besides these metabolism-dependent pathways, there are some other pathways, which link microbiota and the pathogenesis of CVD. For example, lipopolysaccharide, the major component of the outer bacterial membrane, causes metabolic endotoxemia and low-grade systemic inflammation and contribute this way to obesity and progression of heart failure and atherosclerosis. This review aims to illustrate the complex interplay between microbiota, their metabolites, and the development and progression of CVD and metabolic syndrome. It is also discussed how modulating of gut microbiota composition and function through diet, prebiotics, probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation can become a novel therapeutic and preventative target for CVD and metabolic syndrome. Many questions remain unresolved in this field and undoubtedly further studies are needed.

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