scholarly journals The Potential Role of Gut Microbiota in the Prevention and Treatment of Lipid Metabolism Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yan-Jun He ◽  
Chong-Ge You
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Bile Salt Hydrolase ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Lipid Metabolism Disorders ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Syndromes

Due to changes in lifestyle, diet structure, and aging worldwide, the incidence of metabolic syndromes such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity is increasing. Metabolic syndrome is considered to be closely related to cardiovascular disease and severely affects human health. In recent years, researchers have revealed that the gut microbiota, through its own or interacting metabolites, has a positive role in regulating metabolic syndrome. Therefore, the gut microbiota has been a new “organ” for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. The role has not been clarified, and more research is necessary to prove the specific role of specific strains. Probiotics are also believed to regulate metabolic syndromes by regulating the gut microbiota and are expected to become a new preparation for treating metabolic syndromes. This review focuses on the regulation of lipid metabolism disorders by the gut microbiota through the effects of bile acids (BA), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile salt hydrolase (BSH), and genes such as ABCG5 and ABCG8, FXR, NPC1L, and LDL-R.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota and Predicted Metabolic Pathways in a Sample of Mexican Women Affected by Obesity and Obesity Plus Metabolic Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Chávez-Carbajal ◽  
Khemlal Nirmalkar ◽  
Ana Pérez-Lizaur ◽  
Fernando Hernández-Quiroz ◽  
Silvia Ramírez-del-Alto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Mexican Women ◽  
Significant Enrichment ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
High Throughput Dna Sequencing

Obesity is an excessive fat accumulation that could lead to complications like metabolic syndrome. There are reports on gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome in relation to dietary, host genetics, and other environmental factors; however, it is necessary to explore the role of the gut microbiota metabolic pathways in populations like Mexicans, where the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome is high. This study identify alterations of the gut microbiota in a sample of healthy Mexican women (CO), women with obesity (OB), and women with obesity plus metabolic syndrome (OMS). We studied 67 women, characterizing their anthropometric and biochemical parameters along with their gut bacterial diversity by high-throughput DNA sequencing. Our results indicate that in OB or OMS women, Firmicutes was the most abundant bacterial phylum. We observed significant changes in abundances of bacteria belonging to the Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae families and significant enrichment of gut bacteria from 16 different taxa that might explain the observed metabolic alterations between the groups. Finally, the predicted functional metagenome of the gut microbiota found in each category shows differences in metabolic pathways related to lipid metabolism. We demonstrate that Mexican women have a particular bacterial gut microbiota characteristic of each phenotype. There are bacteria that potentially explain the observed metabolic differences between the groups, and gut bacteria in OMS and OB conditions carry more genes of metabolic pathways implicated in lipid metabolism.

scholarly journals Role of Gut Microbiota in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Diseases and Metabolic Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. M. Drapkina ◽  
O. E. Shirobokikh
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain

The role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and metabolic syndrome has attracted massive attention in the past decade. Accumulating evidence has revealed that the metabolic potential of gut microbiota can be identified as a contributing factor in the development of atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure, obesity, diabetes mellitus. The gut-host interaction occurs through many pathways including trimethylamine-N-oxide pathway (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids and second bile acids pathways. TMAO (the hepatic oxidation product of the microbial metabolite of trimethylamine) enhances platelet hyperreactivity and thrombosis risk and predicts major adverse cardiovascular events. Short-chain fatty acids and second bile acids, which are produced with the help of microbiota, can modulate host lipid metabolism as well as carbohydrate metabolism through several receptors such as G-protein-coupled receptors 41,43, farnesoid X-receptor, Takeda-G-protein-receptor-5. This way microbiota can impact host lipid levels, processes of weight gain, insulin sensitivity. Besides these metabolism-dependent pathways, there are some other pathways, which link microbiota and the pathogenesis of CVD. For example, lipopolysaccharide, the major component of the outer bacterial membrane, causes metabolic endotoxemia and low-grade systemic inflammation and contribute this way to obesity and progression of heart failure and atherosclerosis. This review aims to illustrate the complex interplay between microbiota, their metabolites, and the development and progression of CVD and metabolic syndrome. It is also discussed how modulating of gut microbiota composition and function through diet, prebiotics, probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation can become a novel therapeutic and preventative target for CVD and metabolic syndrome. Many questions remain unresolved in this field and undoubtedly further studies are needed.

scholarly journals The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Diabetes and Obesity-Related Kidney Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9641
Author(s):  
Amgad Zaky ◽  
Sarah J. Glastras ◽  
May Y. W. Wong ◽  
Carol A. Pollock ◽  
Sonia Saad
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a progressive disorder, which is increasing globally in prevalence due to the increased incidence of obesity and diabetes mellitus. Despite optimal clinical management, a significant number of patients with diabetes develop DKD. Hence, hitherto unrecognized factors are likely to be involved in the initiation and progression of DKD. An extensive number of studies have demonstrated the role of microbiota in health and disease. Dysregulation in the microbiota resulting in a deficiency of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as propionate, acetate, and butyrate, by-products of healthy gut microbiota metabolism, have been demonstrated in obesity, type 1 and type 2 diabetes. However, it is not clear to date whether such changes in the microbiota are causative or merely associated with the diseases. It is also not clear which microbiota have protective effects on humans. Few studies have investigated the centrality of reduced SCFA in DKD development and progression or the potential therapeutic effects of supplemental SCFAs on insulin resistance, inflammation, and metabolic changes. SCFA receptors are expressed in the kidneys, and emerging data have demonstrated that intestinal dysbiosis activates the renal renin-angiotensin system, which contributes to the development of DKD. In this review, we will summarize the complex relationship between the gut microbiota and the kidney, examine the evidence for the role of gut dysbiosis in diabetes and obesity-related kidney disease, and explore the mechanisms involved. In addition, we will describe the role of potential therapies that modulate the gut microbiota to prevent or reduce kidney disease progression.

scholarly journals Bile Salt Hydrolases: At the Crossroads of Microbiota and Human Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1122
Author(s):  
Mélanie Bourgin ◽  
Aicha Kriaa ◽  
Héla Mkaouar ◽  
Vincent Mariaule ◽  
Amin Jablaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bile Salt ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Bile Salt Hydrolase ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Important Enzyme

The gut microbiota has been increasingly linked to metabolic health and disease over the last few decades. Several factors have been suggested to be involved in lipid metabolism and metabolic responses. One mediator that has gained great interest as a clinically important enzyme is bile salt hydrolase (BSH). BSH enzymes are widely distributed in human gastrointestinal microbial communities and are believed to play key roles in both microbial and host physiology. In this review, we discuss the current evidence related to the role of BSHs in health and provide useful insights that may pave the way for new therapeutic targets in human diseases.

scholarly journals Intestinal microbiota and their metabolic contribution to type 2 diabetes and obesity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Cunningham ◽  
J. W. Stephens ◽  
D. A. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

AbstractObesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are common, chronic metabolic disorders with associated significant long-term health problems at global epidemic levels. It is recognised that gut microbiota play a central role in maintaining host homeostasis and through technological advances in both animal and human models it is becoming clear that gut microbiota are heavily involved in key pathophysiological roles in the aetiology and progression of both conditions. This review will focus on current knowledge regarding microbiota interactions with short chain fatty acids, the host inflammatory response, signaling pathways, integrity of the intestinal barrier, the interaction of the gut-brain axis and the subsequent impact on the metabolic health of the host.

Polysaccharide from Flammulina velutipes Attenuates Markers of Metabolic Syndrome by modulating the Gut Microbiota and Lipid Metabolism in High fat Diet-fed Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiqiu Zhao ◽  
Yang Ji ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Qiuhui Hu ◽  
Liyan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Flammulina Velutipes ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
High Fat

Natural biological macromolecules with putative functions of gut microbiota regulation possesses the advantage in improving metabolic syndrome (MS). In this research, we aimed to determine the effects of Flammulina velutipes...

scholarly journals Reduced fecal short-chain fatty acids levels and the relationship with gut microbiota in IgA nephropathy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingxiong Chai ◽  
Qun Luo ◽  
Kedan Cai ◽  
Kaiyue Wang ◽  
Binbin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Iga Nephropathy ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Caproic Acid ◽  
Isobutyric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Β Diversity

Abstract Background: IgA nephropathy(IgAN)) is the common pathological type of glomerular diseases. The role of gut microbiota in mediating "gut-IgA nephropathy" has not received sufficient attention in the previous studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of fecal short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs), a metabolite of the intestinal microbiota, in patients with IgAN and its correlation with intestinal flora and clinical indicators, and to further investigate the role of the gut-renal axis in IgAN.Methods: There were 29 patients with IgAN and 29 normal control subjects recruited from January 2018 to May 2018. The fresh feces were collected. The fecal SCFAs were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and gut microbiota was analysed by16S rDNA sequences, followed by estimation of α- and β-diversity. Correlation analysis was performed using the spearman’s correlation test between SCFAs and gut microbiota. Results:The levels of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid and caproic acid in the IgAN patients were significantly reduced compared with control group(P<0.05). Butyric acid(r=-0.336, P=0.010) and isobutyric acid(r=-0.298, P=0.022) were negatively correlated with urea acid; butyric acid(r=-0.316, P=0.016) was negatively correlated with urea nitrogen; caproic acid(r=-0.415,P=0.025) showed negative correlation with 24-h urine protein level.Exemplified by the results of α-diversity and β-diversity, the intestinal flora of IgAN patients was significantly different from that of the control group. Acetic acid was positively associated with c_Clostridia(r=0.357, P=0.008), o_Clostridiales(r=0.357, P=0.008) and g_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group(r=0.283, P=0.036). Butyric acid was positively associated with g_Alistipes (r=0.278, P=0.040). The relative abundance of those were significantly decreased in IgAN group compared to control group.Conclusion: The levels of fecal SCFAs in the IgAN patients were reduced, and correlated with clinical parameters and gut microbiota, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of IgAN, and this finding may provide a new therapeutic approach.

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