scholarly journals LEGAL REGULATION OF THE STATE AID SUPPORT FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION

Lex Russica ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 122-134
Author(s):  
V. Yu. Slepak
Keyword(s):  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
External Effects ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union

Taking into account the generally accepted view that competition in the market brings positive results in terms of pricing, production and resource use, it should be noted that government intervention is able to improve the functioning of markets and thus promote reasonable, sustainable and inclusive growth. For the R&D and innovation sphere is characterized by the inefficiency of the market mechanism, because usually market participants do not take into account the positive external effects of the use of this direction, considering it less significant in comparison with others. Similarly, R&D and innovation projects are hampered by funding or lack of coordination among market actors. Thus, government assistance in R&D and innovation can be compatible with the rules of the internal (common) market. It can be expected that government support reduces market failures in this area and will facilitate the implementation of an important project of common European interest, will promote the development of certain economic activities, where the subsequent distortions of competition and trade will not be contrary to the common interest.

scholarly journals Legal Framework of Labor Migration Governance in the Eurasian Economic Union and the European Communities: Comparative Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-601
Author(s):  
A. S. Leonov ◽  
I. E. Lisinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Economic Union

This article provides a comparative analysis of the legal regulation of labor migration in regional integration organizations: the European Communities (ECs) and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Methodologically, we argue that a synchronous comparison of the European Union (EU) in its current shape and the EAEU is rather inadequate and draw on a diachronic comparison of labor migration regulation in the EAEU and the ECs. On the one hand, we identify a number of important differences. We show, in particular, that while regulatory mechanisms in the EEC aimed at stimulating new migration flows, in the post-Soviet space mechanisms of regional migration governance provide the existing migration flows with an appropriate normative framework. We also show that in the case of the EAEU, the founding Treaty provided for a number of essential social rights for workers from EAEU Member States, whereas in the EEC these rights appeared at a much later stage. Regulation of labor migration in the EEC and the EAEU also differs in terms of distribution of competencies in this area between national and Community / Union levels. On the other hand, we also find a number of similarities, which hint at dynamics of policy learning. This is, in particular, evident in the development of mechanisms aimed at protection of migrants’ rights. This is also the case of the Agreement on pensions for workers of the EAEU member states, which seems to borrow from the EU experience opting for coordination of Member States’ retirement systems instead of their unification. Overall, some of EEC/EU ‘best practices’ have contributed to important positive developments in the regulation of intra-Union labor migration in the EAEU.

scholarly journals Regulation of environmental protection measures in the Caspian Sea region

2021 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 03002
Author(s):  
Sergey Yekimov ◽  
Oleg Bavykin ◽  
Elena Kuznetsova ◽  
Roman Kucherenko ◽  
Dmitriy Kucherenko
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Protection Measures

Information obtained as a result of monitoring of water bodies is taken as a basis for legal regulation of economic activities related to environmental pollution. In the context of a globalized economy, the strengthening of environmental protection measures in one of the neighboring countries often leads to the fact that the next plant will be built across the border, and its impact on the environment on a global scale will be the same. In this study, the authors studied the problem of finding new ways to solve the environmental problems of the Caspian Sea. The Caspian Sea belongs to Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan and Iran. to solve the environmental problems of the Caspian Sea, it is necessary to unify the environmental legislation of these countries, similar to the unification of the environmental legislation of the European Union countries.

scholarly journals Problems and prospects of the circulation of biomedical cell products in the Eurasian Economic Union

Pravovedenie ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-439
Author(s):  
Evgeniya A. Sharkovskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Good Clinical Practice ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Integration Approach ◽  
Registration Procedure ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
Single Standard

Biomedicine has a great integration potential according to regulatory acts in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Moreover, one of the most relevant areas in modern biomedicine is regenerative personalized medicine using biomedical cell products. The article discusses various approaches to the legal regulation of the circulation of biomedical cellular products in the EAEU — a national and integration approach. As part of the study of the national approach, the author compares the current legislation of Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia, while also identifying similar and different features. There is a common licensing procedure for conducting activities on the circulation of biomedical cell products, an increased degree of quality control, efficiency and safety, taking into account the ethical side of the issue, and emphasis on respect for human rights. The differences lie in the formal legal aspects, a heterogeneous understanding of the nature and content of biomedical cell products. The integration approach is illustrated by regulatory acts adopted at the EAEU level; their shortcomings are highlighted. Only import and export issues are adequately resolved from the entire life cycle of biomedical cell products at the EAEU level. However, there are no standards for a single market for cell products. For comparison, the author refers to the experience of the European Union in regulating the circulation of cell-based products and focuses on free movement, a centralized registration procedure, ethical requirements, and good clinical practice. According to the results of the article, the author identifies such basic problems of legal regulation as the lack of unification of the conceptual items, registration procedures, and procedures for applying to patients. Solving these problems will allow the market for biomedical cell products to grow rapidly and provide a qualitative breakthrough in the treatment and prevention of diseases. It is proposed to establish either a mechanism for verifying biomedical cellular products in the territory of the EAEU member countries in order to simplify registration procedures or create a unified registration procedure. The global goal is to develop a single standard for the legal regulation of the circulation of not only cellular products, but also all advanced medical devices in general.

scholarly journals Changes In The Rules For Granting State Aid To Enterprises In The European Union

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-120
Author(s):  
Anna Stąpniak-Kucharska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
State Aid ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Lisbon Strategy ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Europe 2020 ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Eu

The point of departure of EU State aid policy is laid down in the Treaty establishing the European Community (hereinafter the “Treaty”). This Treaty provides that State aid is, in principle, incompatible with the common market. However, the principle of incompatibility does not amount to a full-scale prohibition. In the EU countries state aid is permissible to promote the economic development (of areas where the standard of living is abnormally low or where there is serious underemployment) and to facilitate the development of certain economic activities or certain economic areas (where such aid does not adversely affect trading conditions contrary to the common interest). The provisions of the 2000 Lisbon Strategy and the “Europe 2020” Strategy are also important in determining the directions of state aid in the European Union. According to their assumptions the member countries have been required to: reduce the level of aid relative to GDP; reduce state aid which decreases competition; reorient sectoral aid to horizontal and regional aid; and change the forms of state aid-from passive to active instruments. The purpose of this paper is to present the directions of allocation of state aid in the EU countries during 2000-2011, and answer the question whether the resolutions contained in the Lisbon Strategy have been implemented. The research hypothesis is: have the changes in the size, direction and allocation of state aid taken place in accordance with the resolutions of the Lisbon Strategy.

scholarly journals Tendencies of Development of Foreign Investment in the World Market of Services of the Industrial Construction

Upravlenie ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Смирнов ◽  
E. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Market ◽  
International Investment ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union

Basic and functional priorities of innovative development of our country should be estimated and considered, first of all, in the context of its cooperation with the European Union (EU) which is our main external economic partner. It is caused by a complex of historical, economic, geographical, cultural and political factors and regularities. However progressive approaches of developed countries to forming of the national innovative systems (NIS) are also important from the point of view of their use for the solution of the same problems in Russia. Forming of mechanisms of interstate regulation of innovative development at the level of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) shall consider: orientation to broad support of the basic and improving innovations, a combination of state regulation and a market mechanism in development of the innovative sphere, assistance to the international investment cooperation and a transfer of technologies, protection of interests of an innovative entrepreneurship, social aspects of orientation of interstate innovative policy. In the article the problems of development of an innovative cooperation at the level of EEU in the context of creation of effective integration consolidation are analyzed and generalized.

scholarly journals Labour migration and forced labour in the context of economic integration: new challenges and realities: statement of the problem

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
A. Djorobekova ◽  
◽  
A. Khamzin ◽  
A. Boretskiy ◽  
Sh. Fayziev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Forced Labour

Main problem:The main idea of this study is the development of proposals for improving the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as the regulatory framework of the Eurasian Economic Union, taking into account the experience of the European Union countries (as the largest integration association), towards the further development of the legal framework for cooperation in the social-labor sphere, as well as improving the integration and migration policy of the Eurasian Economic Union countries in general, and the Republic of Kazakhstan, in particular. In addition, this study intends to develop practical recommendations aimed at improving the activities of the law enforcement agencies of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as the EAEU countries, in the field of combating illegal migration and forced labor on the territory of this integration association. Moreover, this project suggests the legal promotion of the results obtained, both on the territory of the EAEU and beyond. Purpose: The aim of the study. To develop proposals for improving the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the EAEU countries in the field of legal regulation of labour migration and counteracting its negative consequences such as illegal migration, forced labour in the territory of this integration association. Methods: The methodological basis of the study is made up of traditional general scientific and special legal methods used in comparative jurisprudence: system-structural, historical-legal, social-legal and comparative-legal. Results and their significance:All of the above testifies to the relevance and necessity of research in the framework of this study, since its implementation, taking into account the expected results, will further improve the regulatory framework in the field of combating illegal migration, human trafficking and other illegal manifestations resulting from insufficient regulation of the labour migration sphere.

scholarly journals The Phenomenon of the Parliaments of the European Union and the Eurasian Economic Union

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
M M Kakitelashvili
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Economic Union

The purpose of article is to define an opportunity application of experience of the European Parliament during creation of Parliament of the Eurasian Economic Union (The Euroasian parliament) and also to reveal positive experience of functioning of the European Parliament which can be used during creation of the Euroasian parliament. The object of the research is social relations in the process of formation and functioning of the Parliament of the EEU. The methodology of the research is General scientific methods of cognition (dialectic, analysis, synthesis, modeling, etc.), as well as sociological, historical, comparative-legal, formal-legal, etc.The specificity of integration associations in the modern world poker on a process to integrate posters, featuring noisy, versatility, variety of levels internal and proven. Also the essence of European integration is marked by the formation of the European Communities to transforming them into the European Union and the transition to a new higher type of integration, estimated the use of certain elements of the international legal model of the European Union. Analyzing historical, political, social prerequisites of formation of supranational parliaments in the European Union and the Eurasian Economic Union, the author marks out both similar, and their various lines.Stand out general and particular features of legal regulation of activities of political parties in the legislation of the countries of the EEC and European Union. Analyzed the socio-cultural peculiarities of the formation of party systems in the countries of the EEC, the participation of political parties in elections to national parliaments.On the basis of the analysis of functions of the European Parliament offers on investment of the Euroasian parliament with representative and control functions express.The author comes to a conclusion that an optimum way of election of the Euroasian parliament is the proportional electoral system.

International and Legal Cooperation Development on Labour Migration Issues: from EurAsEC to Eurasian Economic Union

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Рустам Давлетгильдеев ◽  
Rustam Davletgildeev ◽  
Ольга Сычева ◽  
Olga Sycheva
Keyword(s):  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
The Creation

This article is devoted to the analysis of international and legal cooperation in the area of labor migration in the Eurasian Economic Community and the Eurasian Economic Union. The authors study background for the creation and history of the Common Economic Space and the Customs Union, one of the main purposes of which is the creation and operation of a common labour market. The authors perform the analysis taking into account similarities and differences of legal regulation of the issue under consideration in the European Union, and make comparison. The authors point out to the continuity problems of labour migration legal regulation within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union, including harmonization of legislation on labour migration of the Union’s member countries. The authors study the institutional system of the Eurasian Economic Community (Eurasian Economic Union) and powers of institutions in the field of labour migration, indicate the presence of special migration authorities in the EurAsEC and in the Eurasian Economic Union. Provisions of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union devoted to labour migration are analyzed. The authors note the probability that the law harmonization function will be implemented in the Eurasian Economic Union not through model laws but through international treaties and decisions of the Union’s institutions. The authors assume that the Eurasian Economic Union will work out the desired integration model, based not only on political and economic interests, but which will take into account civilizational peculiarities of the Eurasian region.

The politics of State aid in the European Union: explaining variation in aid allocation among Member States

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Marco Schito
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
State Aid ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Institutional Constraints ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Survival ◽  
Aid Allocation ◽  
International Commitments ◽  
Policy Goals

Abstract Despite widespread acknowledgement of the dangers of selective subsidisation, government support to business remains common practice. Looking at State aid allocations in the European Union, the article explores why some countries grant more aid than others. Scholarship has failed to address this issue in a comprehensive manner, focusing either on the responsiveness of governments to voters’ preferences or on the use of subsidies as a way to ensure the political survival of the incumbent. Using the lens of distributive politics, this article proposes a more comprehensive account of State aid politics that joins these two perspectives. By means of time-series cross-section regression analysis, it tests how aid allocation depends on the attainment of policy goals (namely correction of market failures), electoral pragmatism and responsibility towards international commitments. The results show that politicians are indeed electorally pragmatic, but not necessarily responsive, due to institutional constraints and international commitments.

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