scholarly journals Tendencies of Development of Foreign Investment in the World Market of Services of the Industrial Construction

Upravlenie ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Смирнов ◽  
E. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Market ◽  
International Investment ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union

Basic and functional priorities of innovative development of our country should be estimated and considered, first of all, in the context of its cooperation with the European Union (EU) which is our main external economic partner. It is caused by a complex of historical, economic, geographical, cultural and political factors and regularities. However progressive approaches of developed countries to forming of the national innovative systems (NIS) are also important from the point of view of their use for the solution of the same problems in Russia. Forming of mechanisms of interstate regulation of innovative development at the level of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) shall consider: orientation to broad support of the basic and improving innovations, a combination of state regulation and a market mechanism in development of the innovative sphere, assistance to the international investment cooperation and a transfer of technologies, protection of interests of an innovative entrepreneurship, social aspects of orientation of interstate innovative policy. In the article the problems of development of an innovative cooperation at the level of EEU in the context of creation of effective integration consolidation are analyzed and generalized.

Perspectives from Four Stages of Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 159-178
Author(s):  
Eleanor M. Fox ◽  
Mor Bakhoum
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
The European Union ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Developed Countries

This chapter identifies four clusters of nations based on state of development, in order to highlight significant qualitative differences that may call for different law and policies. The first cluster comprises the least developed sub-Saharan African countries with the most resource-challenged competition authorities, such as Benin and Togo. The second cluster compromises nations that have advanced economically to a perceptibly higher level. The third cluster is a “group” of one—South Africa. With all of its challenges, the South African competition regime is as close to a gold standard as there is in sub-Saharan Africa. Finally, for comparison, the fourth cluster comprises the developed countries, led in particular by the European Union and the United States. These nations have open economies, fairly robust markets, good infrastructure, and good institutions. The chapter proceeds to identify, from the point of view of each of the clusters, the most fitting competition framework nationally and globally. The chapter proposes how the divergences can be brought into sympathy.

How Economic Dependency Was Created Through the WTO: A Case Study of South Korea

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ka Yi Fung
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Market ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Dependency ◽  
The World

Adapting the framework of dependency theory, the article asks how the economic dependency of less developed countries (LDCs) on developed countries (DCs) is created through free trade. This article uses South Korea’s entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO) as a case study to illustrate this economic dependency creation process. Based on second-hand data from existing studies, the European Union, and the WTO, this article finds: (i) due to limited farmland size and high production costs, South Korean agricultural products cannot win a seat in the world market; (ii) the local agricultural sector was destroyed in South Korea because small farmers cannot earn a living by farming; and (iii) since the local agricultural sector cannot support the food demand in South Korea, South Korea now has to import a large amount of food. This article concludes that free trade actually destroys the local agricultural industry and the food security of South Korea, and consequently makes South Korea have to rely heavily on DCs for food import.

The Law of Eurasian Economic Union: International Legal Discourse

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 0-0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Анатолий Капустин ◽  
Anatoliy Kapustin
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
The Law

The article discusses the main features of the Law of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) from the point of view of modern international law, its legal nature and place, and functions in the regulation of the Eurasian integration. The article investigates the importance of the Foundation agreement as the international legal basis of the Union and its legal system. The author conducts comparative law analysis of conceptual models of the integration law on the example of the European legal theories of the European Union and Latin American theories of law on regional economic integration. This article gives comprehensive international law characteristics of regulatory definitions and conceptual framework of the EAEU law. The author classifies contractual sources of the Union’s Law and reveals the relationship between them. The author shows the role of secondary sources of the Union’s Law — acts of intergovernmental bodies. The author does not only list the sources enumerated in the EAEU Treaty, but also makes a forecast about the role of other international law acts and norms in the development of the EAEU Law concept. The author draws the conclusion that the Union’s Law is of an international law nature.

scholarly journals Protectionism and free trade correlation at the turn of the centuries

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Consensus Pattern

The article studies the theory and practice of using the most important categories of state regulation of foreign trade – protectionism and free trade. That rational regulation in foreign trade policy can lead to the development of nation economies. The study considers historical aspects of the relevance of protectionism and free trade for different countries and their correlation under the influence of technological progress; underlines the urgency of the protectionism at the present stage of development of the world economy. Such a topicality of protectionism is caused by new phenomena in geopolitics and geo-economics that occurred at the turn of the century. The authors agree with the point of view that has been voiced in the past (by Friedrich Liszt), that free trade is an effective policy for developed countries. For those who do not have a highly developed industrial sector, elements of protectionism to protect the domestic economy remain extremely relevant. The policy that is imposed on the underdeveloped countries by the "Washington Consensus" pattern condemns the latter to a permanent lag. The ideas of protectionism remain topical for post-Soviet countries, where deindustrialization occurred during the quarter of a century, the share of the manufacturing sector in the structure of the national economy dropped sharply, and economic growth rates fell.

scholarly journals LEGAL REGULATION OF THE STATE AID SUPPORT FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION

Lex Russica ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 122-134
Author(s):  
V. Yu. Slepak
Keyword(s):  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
External Effects ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union

Taking into account the generally accepted view that competition in the market brings positive results in terms of pricing, production and resource use, it should be noted that government intervention is able to improve the functioning of markets and thus promote reasonable, sustainable and inclusive growth. For the R&D and innovation sphere is characterized by the inefficiency of the market mechanism, because usually market participants do not take into account the positive external effects of the use of this direction, considering it less significant in comparison with others. Similarly, R&D and innovation projects are hampered by funding or lack of coordination among market actors. Thus, government assistance in R&D and innovation can be compatible with the rules of the internal (common) market. It can be expected that government support reduces market failures in this area and will facilitate the implementation of an important project of common European interest, will promote the development of certain economic activities, where the subsequent distortions of competition and trade will not be contrary to the common interest.

scholarly journals First results and challenges for the future of The Eurasian Economic Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
A. N. Ospanova ◽  
◽  
M. V. Lapenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rigid Framework ◽  
Domestic Trade ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
First Results ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
Development Prospects

The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) was established on the basis of the Treaty on the EAEU, signed on May 29, 2014 in Astana and entered into force on January 1, 2015. Thus, at present, this integration association is celebrating the first five years of its development. Traditionally, in the analysis of integration processes, there is Euro centricity and comparison with trends and successes in the development of the European Union. Recently, however, researchers are increasingly using the theory of new open regionalism and allow the development of integration without the rigid framework of classical regionalism and integration. The article gives a brief analysis of the development of Eurasian integration and the Eurasian Economic Union over the past five-year development period. Statistics are presented that demonstrate a generally positive track in the development of integration processes. The analysis of foreign and domestic trade, the EAEU rating and the current agenda in digitalization format are given. The article also presents the author’s point of view on the opportunities and challenges of Eurasian integration and development prospects.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE CULTURAL TRANSFORMATION OF UKRAINIAN SOCIETY: A SYNERGISTIC APPROACH

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Fedir Vlasenko ◽  
Yevheniia Levcheniuk ◽  
Dmytro Tovmash
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Synergistic Approach ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
Ukrainian Society

The article attempts to outline the essence of transformation processes in Ukrainian culture. Analyzed are both positive and negative phenomena in the cultural sphere of modern Ukrainian society. The analysis of culture from the point of view of a synergistic approach, which is based on the provisions of holism, the recognition of the integrity of culture as its immanent property, is supported thanks to and despite differentiation and integration, changes in instability and stability, qualitative changes associated with the emergence of new formations and the preservation of traditional foundations in culture. It is noted that the likelihood of the emergence of new cultural forms and institutions of culture is still not guaranteed to overcome social instability. The level of chaos and risk increases in a situation of changes in the external context for the socio-cultural organism and corresponding changes in culture in society. It is substantiated that the dialectical connection between «chaos and risk», a one-sided interpretation of sociocultural instability arises from an underestimation of the capabilities of culture, many of its components, such as anthropo-socio-cultural systems that self-organize. It has been proved that socio-cultural processes of self-organization allow a certain degree of influence on them, because at one of the stages of development, the «measure of chaos» and «measure of order» are violated, due to which the spontaneity, unstructuredness of changes contribute to the formation of «false attractors» that enhance negative processes and tendencies. Comprehension of the unity of all components of the sociocultural sphere in the integral system of sociocultural reality creates the preconditions for the regulation of contradictory cultural and transformational processes. One of these mechanisms of state regulation is cultural policy. Based on a comparison of the basic principles of cultural policy of Ukraine and the countries of the European Union, it was stated that the latter approve the concepts of «public-private partnership» and «distribution of efforts» between state and non-state sources of funding for culture. One of the main tasks of cultural policy was the desire for democratization, decentralization and development of the cultural life of the population as a whole. In Ukrainian society, the processes of self-organization in culture are activated, there are manifestations of a new social order — civil society and its socio-cultural institutions, a legal state based on democratic principles.

scholarly journals The essence of the globalization of the veterinary market in Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (86) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
H.D. Harvas
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
World Market ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Veterinary Medicines ◽  
Cluster Networks ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level

The globalization of the world economy is in different directions, one of which is the process of globalization of markets where competition offers opportunities to participants in finding manufacturing innovations to achieve greater efficiency in their work. Today, the world market of veterinary pharmacy, is actively developing, therefore, it is necessary to look for effective ways to improve the quality, safety and competitiveness of veterinary medicines of domestic producers, while complying with the legislation of Ukraine and the directives of the European Union. The main problem of the veterinary medicines market in Ukraine is first of all: insufficient state regulation, the prevailing share of the range of foreign drugs, a significant proportion of counterfeit, counterfeit, unregistered drugs in Ukraine, a significant percentage of generic drugs, all these factors create the conditions of access to the market for foreign manufacturers. The effective mechanism for the development of the domestic veterinary pharmacy in the conditions of global globalization and restructuring of the economy is the flexible association of enterprises-manufacturers, and as the world experience has shown, the most effective is to merge into a cluster. The interest in clusters in the world is constantly growing, and research in various countries confirms that the implementation of cluster structures is the key to socio-economic development and the effective functioning of the state as a whole. Economy territories, which is based on clusters is a model of attractive and competitive economy based on the use of synergy effects and scale. Cluster networks of territorial production systems are sources and factors of ensuring a high level and quality of life of the population, economic growth and sustainable development of territories.

scholarly journals Foreign experience of innovative development of the agro-industrial complex.

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
A.M. Bakirbekova ◽  
◽  
E.K. Moldakenova ◽  
Ch.U. Akimbekova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Market ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Price Support ◽  
Agroindustrial Complex

The relevance of the topic of the article - the issues of innovative development of agroindustrial complex of Kazakhstan, which provides large-scale production, require detailed study. The goal - is to consider the positive aspects of the best practices of foreign countries regarding this problem and develop practical recommendations. Methods - generalization, quantitative and qualitative analysis, abstract logical. Results - in order to apply high technologies in agricultural sector, economically developed countries use subsidy systems, price support (USA), government assistance in obtaining income per hectare and payments for livestock (EU countries), income support through payments (Canada) and concessional lending (Brazil). In addition to financial assistance, agricultural producers in the USA, Canada and other countries are provided with information, legal, innovation, marketing, insurance and other types of support. Conclusions - innovative processes, expansion of the competitive environment in the AIC presuppose the effective use of scientific and technical potential, integration of science, education and production, technological modernization of the economy based on progressive methods. Innovation is reflected in the implementation of the strategic objectives of ensuring food security and effective regulation of the domestic food market in order to stimulate labor productivity in agriculture, increase export potential of agricultural sector. It is necessary to combine innovative activity in domestic agro-industrial production with international practice, which will increase production capacity of agrarian sector of the republic. The development trends of the world market convincingly show that there can be no other way in Kazakhstan than the formation of a new type of economy, widespread innovation.

scholarly journals The appearance of bias in international investment arbitrators and analysis of potential impediments to bias in the European Union’s proposal for a multilateral investment court

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Cadillac
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Investment ◽  
Positive Change ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Public ◽  
Current Regime ◽  
Investment Arbitration ◽  
Grey Area ◽  
The Creation

ESAANZ ESSAY PRIZE WINNERInternational investment arbitration is in a controversial state. While the systems put into place by various treaties allow an investor to protect their investments directly by initiating proceedings against a government, claims of arbitrator bias are supported by the fact that arbitrators are appointed by the parties. There are transparency concerns which contribute to arbitrators being biased towards investors from developed countries. The regime of international investment arbitration is heading towards either abolition or reform. The European Union, being the partner to more investment treaties than any other country, proposes the creation of a multilateral investment court. As a structured arbitration court, there may be less bias than the current regime of investment arbitration as proceedings would be more transparent and open to the public, binding precedent would leave less grey area in decisions and add consistency to rulings, and judges no longer being appointed by the parties removes any incentive to rule in favour of their appointing party to secure future appointments. Together with an appeals system, this proposed structure purports to be a positive change in ISDS. However as the essay will show, this approach is not likely to be attractive to the majority of states who are interested in protecting their right to govern. These issues will need to be addressed if the investment court proposal is going to gain support.

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