Bioeconomy and white biotechnology as a basic pillar of the Lisbon strategy

The entrance into the new millennium is branded by intensive development of science and new technologies. Life science and biotechnologies are widely recognize to be, after ICT, the parallel wave of knowledge – based economy, creating new opportunities for our society and economies. This application is the basic object of Lisbon strategy in Europe. This new trends, to make full use of biotechnology for sustainable economy, is official titled as bioeconomy around the world. The characteristics of bioeconomy and utilization of industrial biotechnology are presented in this article.

Round Table. From Lisbon to Porto: taking stock of developments in EU social policy: Social Europe 2.0? New prospects after the Porto Social Summit

The sequence of crises in the 2010s entirely changed the socio-economic context that had inspired the Lisbon strategy in the year 2000. EU policy veered towards austerity and social policy became an ‘adjustment variable’. Since the mid-2010s, however, a slow process of rebalancing has gained ground, culminating in the adoption of the European Pillar of Social Rights (EPSR) in 2017. The Porto Summit has confirmed the centrality of the Pillar for a new Social Europe. To appreciate fully the EPSR’s potential, it is necessary to focus not only on binding measures but also on EU incentives and actions aimed at promoting (and partially funding) concrete access to social rights. Especially through the ‘guarantee’ instrument, the EU can play a bigger and more effective role in the sphere of social citizenship, without stumbling into the political obstacles associated with hard law.

Towards a Sustainable Reset in the EU. What Comes After the Lisbon Strategy, EUROPE 2020 and ... COVID-19?

The aim of the paper is to present and compare the three major European Union (EU) strategies/instruments designed to promote the dynamic economic development of the EU. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the EU has clearly demonstrated its ambitions related to economic growth, competitiveness and sustainability. Despite the progressive ideas reflected in the Lisbon Strategy, its limitations have logically resulted in only partial success. The 2008 world economic crisis has led to important changes, reflected in the Europe 2020 Strategy, but – despite certain progress – no spectacular success was seen. 2020 will not be remembered as the closing year of the Europe 2020 Strategy, but as the (first) year of the world-wide shock caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The changes caused by this shock can be seen in EU actions, as well: the Next Generation EU instrument is an innovation that could not have been imagined without such a shock. The paper discusses the potential ways of changes of the EU’s approach to the objectives of economic growth, competitiveness and sustainability as a result of the COVID-19 shock.

Rating system as an element of human resource management at tertiary level

The article describes the functioning of the rating system in the Republic of Belarus, the Russian Federation and in a number of European countries such as Poland, Portugal, Spain, where rating systems have been developed taking into account regional and national characteristics of the traditions of higher education. The authors, relying on the materials of international forums on higher education, discovered a number of patterns that broaden the understanding of the rating and the peculiarities of its functioning in various educational centers of European countries, as well as in the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation. The Lisbon strategy also continued deepening into the practice of focusing on the base knowledge economy, where a decisive place is given to optimizing the human resources of higher education institutions in training highly qualified specialists for such an economy.

URBAN POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF CONTEMPORARY URBANISATION PROCESSES AND DEVELOPMENT ISSUES OF POLISH CITIES

The great dynamics and wide range of contemporary Polish processes of urbanisation as well as problems of city development and operation require setting objectives, formulating rules and implementing urban policy. Its aim should be to support municipalities in their attempt to solve primary problems. What makes such a policy necessary is the fact that, while cities play a crucial role in global socio-economic development, they also experience financial, demographic, social, environmental, housing and other problems most severely. Therefore in many cases cities cannot be generators of development and cannot be responsible for the implementation of the Lisbon Strategy, as stipulated by the European Union. The aim of this paper is to present the principles of urban policy which could be implemented in Poland taking into account both, the existing situation and the position of the European Union on this matter. It is assumed that urban policy will be implemented at two levels: supra-local (the European Union, state and regional) and local. The first of these levels will apply to all European cities, Polish cities and those of a particular region, while the other, to a particular city and its spatial components. The policy principles will result from EU documents for which urban policy is a component of regional policy. Primarily, it is the Leipzig Charter on Sustainable European Cities and the Green Paper on Territorial Cohesion: Turning territorial diversity into strength.

Integration theories and European education policy: bringing the role of ideas back in

Education policy, traditionally a fortress of state-building processes, is now being challenged by the emergence of a new dimension at the European level. The Lisbon Strategy of 2000 has not only redefined education as a tool for improving Europe’s competitiveness within the knowledge economy, but it has also significantly expanded the role of the European Commission as a legitimate actor intervening in education. Although the increasing involvement of the EU in education has been empirically covered by the existing literature, less attention has been devoted to elucidating these changes from a theoretical point of view. This article contends that these transformations raise a theoretical puzzle in terms of the understanding of the two mainstream theories of European integration. This argument is developed in three steps. First, the article examines the historical developments of EU competences in education. It then critically engages with the main theoretical explanations of European integration theories in relation to these changes, namely supranationalism and liberal intergovernmentalism, asserting that these approaches do not fully account for a comprehensive explanation of the drivers behind these transformations. By contrast, the article suggests that broadening the analytical lens to include a more ideas-centred approach provides a more in-depth understanding of European education policy.

«NEW ECONOMY» IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE, INFORMATION AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT

The article deals with the innovative mechanism of the new economy in the aspects of regional and national peculiarities of its functioning in the global and EU space. The general tendency of strengthening the orientation of national economies towards international trade in services, internationalization of research networks and expansion of creative human resources have been determined. Contrarily, evaluating the results of the Lisbon Strategy has demonstrated the need to prioritize employment, productivity and social cohesion to achieve global leadership. The concentration of scientific and technical potential of the leading countries of the international market on breakthroughs for economic development is an important tendency in the conditions of globalization. It has been shown that the implementation of new economy ideas sharpens competition for the skilled labour as a major component in research, innovation and entrepreneurship. At the same time, there are processes of transition from being an emigration country to being an immigration one. A comparison of EU and Chinese investment policy has been made, demonstrating the potential of using national sources, community mutual funds and fiscal federalization. It has been argued that the development of innovative products through the integration of science and production is an important factor in the development of new economy.

Problematyka podatku od niezrealizowanych zysków kapitałowych w przypadku zmiany siedziby lub miejsca zamieszkania w świetle orzecznictwa Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej

Wraz z początkiem bieżącego roku weszła w życie nowelizacja ustawy o podatku dochodowym od osób fizycznych, ustawy o podatku dochodowym od osób prawnych, ustawy — Ordynacja podatkowa oraz niektórych innych ustaw, wprowadzająca nieznany wcześniej polskiemu prawu podatek od niezrealizowanych zysków, ta zwany podatek wyjścia ang. exit tax. Problematyka tego podatku od momentu jego wprowadzenia do prawa unijnego w ubiegłym dziesięcioleciu pozostaje szeroko dyskutowana. Państwa członkowskie UE chętnie korzystają z tego sposobu dofinansowywania swoich budżetów, nierzadko implementując do swoich systemów exit tax w sposób, którego zgodność z traktatami może budzić wątpliwości. Szczególnie wyraźnie odznacza się na tym polu problem godzenia podatku wyjścia w wolności wspólnotowe, takie jak wolność przemieszczania się czy podejmowania działalności gospodarczej. Swobody te, będące fundamentami wspólnotowego dobrobytu i motorem napędowym unijnej gospodarki, są jednocześnie niezbędnym ogniwem w osiąganiu celów traktatu z Lizbony. W świetle powyższego należy podkreślić istotność odpowiedniej implementacji exit tax do systemów państw członkowskich. Wymaga ona od ustawodawców wysokiego poziomu precyzyjności czy wręcz „wstrzemięźliwości” przy tworzeniu odpowiednich aktów prawnych. Polski ustawodawca zdaje się o tym zapominać, co potwierdza analiza nowelizacji ustawy o podatku dochodowym od osób fizycznych i prawnych. Ustawa wydaje się nie być dostatecznie dopracowana, nasuwają się pytania o tak podstawowe kwestie, jak ustalenie dnia zmiany rezydencji podatkowej czy zgodność z prawem traktatowym „nadgorliwego” rozciągnięcia tegoż podatku na osoby fizyczne nieprowadzące działalności gospodarczej.Niniejszy artykuł skupi się na wieloaspektowej analizie najbardziej problematycznych zagadnień związanych ze stosowaniem w praktyce uregulowań dotyczących nowego podatku oraz ogólnej ocenie uregulowań krajowych i unijnych w zakresie takiego opodatkowania. Uregulowania poszczególnych państw członkowskich Unii Europejskiej bywały bowiem częstym przedmiotem orzekania Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej, a ich zgodność z prawem pierwotnym Unii wielokrotnie kwestionowana i podważana. Wobec powyższego przy wprowadzaniu do porządków krajowych niniejszych przepisów wymagana jest od ustawodawcy szczególna ostrożność i zważenie na możliwość ewentualnego naruszenia swobód europejskich. Na koniec podane zostaną ewentualne postulaty de lege lata i de lege ferenda dla polskiego ustawodawcy oraz ogólna ocena zgodności polskich uregulowań z Traktatem o Unii Europejskiej oraz Traktatem o funkcjonowaniu Unii Europejskiej. The issue of exit tax in the light of the Court of Justice of the European Union’s judgementsWith the beginning of 2019 the amendment to Polish tax acts’ has entered into force and it has introduced new tax that had never before been known in Polish law — exit tax. The issue of exit tax has been problematic for European countries’ legislators ever since it was introduced back in the previous decade. It was enthusiastically received by them as it provides an extra source for the country’s budget. However, the adoption of the tax to national law systems is highly complicated — the basis for such duty may stand in oppostion to most important European rules, such as the principle of free movement or the right of establishment. These freedoms, which underpin the internal market, are the driving force behind the economic prosperity in the EU and the prerequisite for achieving the aims of the Lisbon Strategy. Thus, it is crucial to implement regulations regarding the exit tax with scrutiny and high preciseness.This article focuses on a multifaceted analysis of the most problematic issues regarding the application of the new tax and the overall assessment of Polish and European acts on tax. The Court of Justice of the European Union has often negatively reviewed the regulations of individual Member States. Regarding the abovementioned, some substantial actions have to be undertaken by the lawmakers in order to ensure the compatibility of national acts with basic EU aims.

Considering Territorial Agendas of the EU in context of Rising of Territorial Dimension of Cohesion Policy

The Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe ads territorial cohesion as Union’s third goal, beside economic and social cohesion and lists it as a shared competence. In the other hand, the Lisbon Strategy aims to turn Europe into the most competitive area of sustainable growth in the world and it is considered that the Territorial cohesion policy should contribute to it. This paper is structured by a descriptive language while deduction method is used. It refers to official documents, strategies, agendas and reports, as well as books, articles and assessments related to topic. This paper covers all of two Territorial Agendas as well as the background of territorial cohesion thinking and setting process of territorial cohesion policy.