scholarly journals Un planeta montañoso. Una aproximación a la clasificación de las montañas de la Tierra / A mountainous planet. An approximation to the classification of the Earth’s mountains

Ería ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-25
Author(s):  
Fernando Allende Álvarez ◽  
Raúl Martín-Moreno ◽  
Pedro Nicolás Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Nous Avons ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Distribución Geográfica ◽  
Biotic Characteristics

En este trabajo se pretende realizar una clasificación de las montañas terrestres. Con este fin se elabora una tipología que utiliza elementos culturales, morfotectónicos y bioclimáticos. Se parte de los conceptos de montaña y cordillera percibidos por montañeros, artistas, viajeros y estudiosos del mundo de las montañas. A estas consideraciones se añaden las derivadas de su ubicación y disposición para, acto seguido, clasificar las montañas según sus características morfotectónicas y bióticas. Desde esta doble perspectiva se obtiene una visión de conjunto del relieve montañoso novedosa y poco abordada en la literatura científica. A modo de síntesis y aportación de interés, el trabajo se ilustra con dos figuras en las que se muestran las montañas y cordilleras con su distribución geográfica y su tipología. Une planète montagneuse. Une approximation à la classification des montagnes de la Terre.- Dans ce travail, nous faisons une classification des montagnes du monde. À cette fin, nous avons élaboré une typologie qui utilise des éléments culturels, morpho tectoniques et bioclimatiques. Elle part des concepts de montagne et de chaîne de montagnes que les alpinistes, les artistes, les voyageurs et les spécialistes du monde de la montagne perçoivent. À ces considérations s’ajoutent celles dérivées de leur emplacement et leur disposition afin de classer les montagnes en fonction de leurs caractéristiques morpho tectoniques et biotiques. En guise de synthèse et d’apport d’intérêt, cette recherche est illustrée à l’aide de deux figures qui montrent les montagnes et les massifs montagneux par leur répartition géographique et leur typologie.A mountainous planet. An approximation to the classification of the Earth’s mountains- This work aims to make a classification of the Earth’s mountains. For this purpose, a typology that uses cultural, morphotectonic and bioclimatic elements is developed. It is based on the concepts of mountain and mountain range perceived by mountaineers, artists, travelers and scholars. To these considerations are added those derived from their location and disposition in order to immediately classify the mountains according to their morphotectonic and biotic characteristics. As a synthesis and contribution of interest, the work is illustrated with two figures showing the mountains and mountain ranges with their geographical distribution and typology. 

scholarly journals Morfología, caracterización y distribución geográfica de Blechnum cordatum (Blechnaceae-Pteridophyta).

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 29-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Prada ◽  
Cristina H. Rolleri ◽  
Lilian Passarelli
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Vulnerable Species ◽  
Vegetative Tissue ◽  
Juan Fernández Islands ◽  
Large Geographical Area ◽  
Distribución Geográfica ◽  
Morphology Characterization ◽  
Juan Fernandez Islands

ABSTRACT. Morphology, characterization, and geographical distribution of Blechnum cordatum (Blechnaceae-Pteridophyta). Specimens of Blechnum cordatum from localities of its large geographical area were analized. The species grows in Mesoamerica, Antillas and South America, from Venezuela and Colombia to Bolivia, SE and centre of Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, centre and S of Chile, and Juan Fernández Islands. Blechnum cordatum is a tolerant, not vulnerable species, with large sporophytes; erect, scaly rhizomes; dimorphic fronds with scaly stipes and axes; lanceolate sterile laminae with lanceolate to oblong, coriaceae, finely denticulate to serrate, superficially scaly and hairy, attached by costa (peciolulate) pinnae, with cuneate- truncate to subcordate or auriculate bases, and narrowly lanceolate fertile laminae with vegetative tissue of pinnae reduced to the portion which support the undulate to erose indusia and continuous coenosorus. Veins are free, simple, geminate and furcate, the latter ramdomly dividing at different distances from the costa, all ending in large, active hydathodes. Aerophores, located only at the base of pinnae, may be absent. Spores have a cristate-reticulate perispore with filiform, ramified processes, and a smooth to granulate exospore. Based on this study, a new description of Blechnum cordatum, and its taxonomy is presented, along with comments on affinities with other neotropical and paleotropical species of the genus.Key words. Blechnaceae, Blechnum cordatum, morphology, taxonomy, palynology, geographical distribution.RESUMEN. Morfología, caracterización y distribución geográfica de Blechnum cordatum (Blechnaceae-Pteridophyta). Blechnum cordatum fue estudiado en especímenes de numerosas localidades de su extensa área de distribución. Crece en Mesoamérica, Antillas, Sudamérica, desde Venezuela y Colombia a Bolivia, SE y centro de Brasil, Paraguay, Argentina, centro y S de Chile e islas de Juan Fernández. Es una especie poco vulnerable, tolerante, con esporófitos grandes, rizomas a oblongas con pinnas coriáceas, lanceolado-oblongas, finamente denticuladas a aserradas, superficialmente escamosas y pilosas, unidas al raquis por la costa (pecioluladas), con bases cuneado- truncadas a subcordadas o auriculadas y láminas fértiles estrechamente lanceoladas con el tejido vegetativo de las pinnas reducido a la porción de la lámina que lleva el cenosoro continuo e indusio ondulado a eroso. Las venas son simples, geminadas y bifurcadas al azar a distancias variables de la costa y terminan en grandes hidatodos activos, sobresalientes o más o menos planos. Los aeróforos, presentes sólo en la base de las pinnas, pueden faltar. Las esporas son monoletas, con perisporio crestado-reticulado que lleva procesos filiformes y exosporio subliso a granulado. La especie se describe e ilustra en detalle, se actualiza su taxonomía y se comentan sus afinidades con otras especies neotropicales y paleotropicales del género.Palabras clave. Blechnaceae, Blechnum cordatum, morfología, taxonomía, palinología, distribución geográfica.

scholarly journals [Re]covering Jeddah’s Wadis – Building the City’s Resilience through Green Infrastructure

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Hanaa Motasim
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Natural Flow ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The City ◽  
Green Corridors

Jeddah, Saudi Arabia’s largest coastal city, is positioned between two prominent natural features: the mountain range on its eastern side and the Red Sea on its west. The city faces many challenges central to which is storm water drainage. The natural drainage of the city through its pre-existing wadis, bringing down the rain water from the steep mountain ranges through the low inclining coastal plane and into the sea, has been interrupted in the last few decades by massive road infrastructural projects cutting through the city and interrupting the natural flow. The outcome of these interventions has been excessive flooding calamities, of which the ones in 2009 and 2011 were the most extreme, causing severe damage to infrastructure, property and lives.In light of climate change the intensity of flash floods is expected to increase, placing enormous stress on the city. To control the floods the city has pushed forward heavily engineered solutions, canalizing the rich network of wadis, almost 80 in number, into 4 major concrete channels that discharge the rain water accumulated in the mountains directly into the sea. This solution, which has been prohibitive in cost, has robbed the city of any potential of utilizing the precious supply of rain water. This paper explores the potential of recovering Jeddah’s wadis and creating green corridors across the city. As opposed to engineered solutions which address singular problematics, green infrastructures could provide numerous benefits to the city and the region as a whole.

Description of the female and new records of Triatoma baratai Carcavallo & Jurberg, 2000 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, with a key to the species of the Triatoma matogrossensis subcomplex

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3151 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCOS TAKASHI OBARA ◽  
JOSE MARIA SOARES BARATA ◽  
JOÃO ARISTEU DA ROSA ◽  
WALTER CERETTI Jr. ◽  
PAULO SILVA DE ALMEIDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Records ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Male Specimen ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Chicken House ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

Triatoma baratai Carcavallo & Jurberg, 2000, a species similar to Triatoma williami Galvão, Souza & Lima, 1967 andbelonging to the T. matogrossensis subcomplex, was described based on a male specimen collected in a sylvatic environ-ment, near a cave, in Bonito county, Bodoquena mountain range, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. In the present workwe describe the female of T. baratai, captured in a chicken house, in Nioaque county, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.Furthermore, we recorded the occurrence of T. baratai in domiciles and peridomestic environment in another four munic-ipalities (Bodoquena, Bela Vista, Corumbá, and Miranda), extending its geographical distribution. Finally, we present a key to the species of the Triatoma matogrossensis subcomplex.

scholarly journals Impact of North Atlantic Oscillation on the Snowpack in Iberian Peninsula Mountains

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Alonso-González ◽  
Juan I. López-Moreno ◽  
Francisco M. Navarro-Serrano ◽  
Jesús Revuelto
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Snow Water Equivalent ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Winter Climate ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Iberian Range ◽  
The Impact

The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is considered to be the main atmospheric factor explaining the winter climate and snow evolution over much of the Northern Hemisphere. However, the absence of long-term snow data in mountain regions has prevented full assessment of the impact of the NAO at the regional scales, where data are limited. In this study, we assessed the relationship between the NAO of the winter months (DJFM-NAO) and the snowpack of the Iberian Peninsula. We simulated temperature, precipitation, and snow data for the period 1979–2014 by dynamic downscaling of ERA-Interim reanalysis data, and correlated this with the DJFM-NAO for the five main mountain ranges of the Iberian Peninsula (Cantabrian Range, Central Range, Iberian Range, the Pyrenees, and the Sierra Nevada). The results confirmed that negative DJFM-NAO values generally occur during wet and mild conditions over most of the Iberian Peninsula. Due to the direction of the wet air masses, the NAO has a large influence on snow duration and the annual peak snow water equivalent (peak SWE) in most of the mountain ranges in the study, mostly on the slopes south of the main axis of the ranges. In contrast, the impact of NAO variability is limited on north-facing slopes. Negative (positive) DJFM-NAO values were associated with longer (shorter) duration and higher (lower) peak SWEs in all mountains analyzed in the study. We found marked variability in correlations of the DJFM-NAO with snow indices within each mountain range, even when only the south-facing slopes were considered. The correlations were stronger for higher elevations in the mountain ranges, but geographical longitude also explained the intra-range variability in the majority of the studied mountains.

Preliminary study on geographical distribution and evolutionary relationships between cultivated and wild adzuki bean (Vigna angularis var. angularis and var. nipponensis) by AFLP analysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zong Xu-xiao ◽  
Duncan Vaughan ◽  
Norihiko Tomooka ◽  
Akito Kaga ◽  
Wang Xin-wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Aflp Analysis ◽  
Adzuki Bean ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Vigna Angularis ◽  
Aflp Data ◽  
Preliminary Study

AbstractA set of 146 representative adzuki (Vigna angularis var. angularis and var. nipponensis) germplasm from six Asian countries with a tradition of adzuki bean production, together with an outgroup standard rice bean (Vigna umbellata), were analysed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) methodology using 12 informative primer pairs. A total of 313 unambiguous polymorphic bands were created. According to the dendrogram, using cluster analysis based on AFLP banding, 143 of the accessions were distinct and revealed enough genetic diversity for identification and classification of accessions within Vigna angularis. A neighbour-joining tree was generated using the newly developed Innan's nucleotide diversity estimate from the AFLP data. From analysis, seven distinct evolutionary groups, named ‘Chinese cultivated’, ‘Japanese cultivated’, ‘Japanese complex-Korean cultivated’, ‘Chinese wild’, ‘China Taiwan wild’, ‘Nepal- Bhutan cultivated’ and ‘Himalayan wild’, were detected. Nucleotide diversity with geographical distribution of each group is discussed, regarding the evolutionary relationships between wild and cultivated adzuki beans. The preliminary results indicated that cultivated adzuki beans have been domesticated from at least four progenitors with at least three geographical origins.

scholarly journals On the shapes of the isogeotherms under mountain ranges in radio-active districts

1910 ◽  
Vol 83 (563) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Condition ◽  
Accurate Solution ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Earth's Crust

The importance attached by geologists to the distribution of temperature within the earth’s crust as a factor in the production of movements of the crust, and in particular in the formation of mountain ranges, has made it necessary to consider if it is possible to determine the distribution of temperature under and in the neighbourhood of a mountain range, by a method more rigid and accurate than that used by Fisher, and more closely following the physical condition of the problem than that used by Thoma. In what follows it will be shown that an accurate solution can be obtained in certain simple cases, even when the soil is radio-active.

On the Synergistic Climatic Effects of Covarying Major Mountain Range Topographies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian G. Mutz ◽  
Todd A. Ehlers
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Earth Surface ◽  
Climatic Effects ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
The Impact

<p>The interpretation of Earth surface archives often requires consideration of distant off-site events. One such event is the surface uplift of Earth’s major mountain ranges, which affects climate and the Earth’s surface globally. In this study, the individual and synergistic climatic effects of topographic changes in major mountain ranges are explored with a series of General Circulation Model (GCM) experiments and analyses of atmospheric teleconnections. The GCM experiments are forced with different topographic scenarios for Himalaya-Tibet (TBT) and the Andes (ADS), while environmental boundary conditions are kept constant. The topographic scenarios are constructed by successively lowering modern topography to 0% of its modern height in increments of 25%. This results in a total of 5 topographic scenarios for TBT (tbt100, tbt075, tbt050, tbt025, tbt000) and ADS (ads100, ads075, ads050, ads025, ads000). TBT scenarios are then nested in ADS scenarios, resulting in a total of 25 experiments with unique topographic settings. The climate for each of those 25 scenarios is simulated with the GCM ECHAM5-wiso. We then explore possible synergies and distant impacts of topographic changes by testing the hypothesis that varying ADS has no effect on simulated climate conditions in the TBT region (c_tbt) and vice versa. This can be expressed as the null hypothesis c_tbt(ads100) = c_tbt(ads075) = c_tbt(ads050) = c_tbt(ads025) = c_tbt(ads000) for each of the 5 TBT scenarios, and vice versa. We conduct Kruskal-Wallis tests for a total of 10 treatment sets to address these hypotheses. The results suggest that ADS climate is mostly independent of TBT topography changes, whereas TBT climate is sensitive to ADS topography changes when TBT topography is high, but insensitive when TBT topography is strongly reduced. Analyses of atmospheric pressure fields suggest that TBT height acts as a control on cross-equatorial atmospheric transport and modifies the impact of ADS topography on northern hemisphere climate. These results dictate a more careful consideration of global (off-site) conditions in the interpretation of Earth surface records.</p>

scholarly journals Maximum Covariance Analysis of Typhoon Surface Wind and Rainfall Relationships in Taiwan

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 997-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Chung Tsai ◽  
Tim Hau Lee
Keyword(s):  
Surface Wind ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Covariance Analysis ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Maximum Covariance Analysis ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Multivariate Relationships ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
Surface Observations

Abstract The multivariate relationships between hourly surface wind and rainfall observations during typhoons affecting Taiwan have been investigated with maximum covariance analysis (MCA). Historical surface observations from 1987 to 2004 are used when typhoon centers were located inside the domain of 19°–28°N, 117°–127°E. The three leading MCA modes explain 70%, 20.6%, and 7.6% of the squared covariance fraction, and the correlation coefficients are 0.59, 0.48, and 0.49, respectively. The wind directions of the three leading positive modes are 1) northwesterly flow perpendicular to the Snow Mountain Range (SMR), 2) southwesterly flow toward the river valleys of the southwestern Central Mountain Range (CMR) and the southern SMR, and 3) easterly flow toward the northeastern SMR and the northern CMR. The rainfall patterns of the three principal modes reveal the contrast between the windward and the leeward sides of the mountain ranges. Based on the MCA singular vectors, historical typhoon surface wind patterns are categorized into major types. The results show that the three major wind types consist of 53% of the data, with 25%, 9%, and 19%, respectively, for these wind types. Furthermore, the analyses of the corresponding surface air temperatures, relative humidities, and air pressures also reveal contrasting patterns between the windward and leeward sides.

scholarly journals Seasonal habitat use and movements of woodland caribou in the Omineca Mountains, north central British Columbia, 1991-1993

Rangifer ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari D. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Woodland Caribou ◽  
Heavy Snowfall ◽  
North Central ◽  
Subalpine Fir ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Seasonal Habitat Use

From 1991 to 1993, 30 woodland caribou were captured and fitted with radio-collars west of the Williston Reservoir in north central B.C. Monthly radio-telemetry location flights revealed that caribou in the Northern Area, characterized by a complex of mountain ranges, moved greater distances to calving areas than did those in the South, where only one major mountain range exists. In the year of record heavy snowfall for the area, all collared caribou wintered on windswept alpine slopes, while during the below average snowfall year, many caribou remained in forested habitats. In winter, caribou were found to forage on terrestrial lichens in both lowland lodgepole pine flats and on windswept alpine slopes, and on arboreal lichens in upper elevation Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir forests. There are at least 600-700 caribou in the Omineca Mountains.

scholarly journals Moss diversity in Malesia: a literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e698986851
Author(s):  
Risjunardi Damanik
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Theoretical Literature ◽  
Wide Geographical Distribution ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
The Pacific

This article has the objective to overview literature on the topic of the distribution of Malesia mosses which is closely related to tropical forest. This diversity and distribution is an important concern because of the increasing rate of destruction of tropical forests throughout region. Using theoretical literature method, the author summarizes mosses’ wide geographical distribution covering the tropical regions of Asia, the Pacific and Australia. Some types of liverworts do not spread west across the Wallace line. A review of liverworts literature has been conducted but a review specifically on the moss diversity in Melasia region is limited. Thus, this review includes a brief introduction to mosses and then focuses on the following topics; the characteristics of mosses; development of moss plants; classification of moss plants; benefits of moss plants and moss diversity in the Malesia region.

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