scholarly journals Fatigue in radiology: a fertile area for future research

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-222
Author(s):  
Sian Taylor-Phillips ◽  
Chris Stinton
Keyword(s):  
Observational Studies ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Russian Translation ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Fertile Area

Fatigue in radiologists may be responsible for a large number of medical errors. This review describes the latest research on fatigue in radiology. This includes measurement methods, and recent evidence on how fatigue affects accuracy in laboratory test conditions and in clinical practice. The extensive opportunities for future research in the area are explored, including testing interventions to reduce fatigue-related error, and further understanding of which fatigue measures correlate with errors. Finally we explore the possibility of answering these questions using large population-based observational studies and pragmatic integrated randomised controlled trials. This publication is the reprint with Russian translation from original: Taylor-Phillips S, Stinton C. Fatigue in radiology: a fertile area for future research. Br J Radiol. 2019;92:20190043. doi: 10.1259/bjr.20190043.

scholarly journals Fatigue in radiology: a fertile area for future research

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (1099) ◽  
pp. 20190043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sian Taylor-Phillips ◽  
Chris Stinton
Keyword(s):  
Medical Errors ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Fertile Area

Fatigue in radiologists may be responsible for a large number of medical errors. This review describes the latest research on fatigue in radiology. This includes measurement methods, and recent evidence on how fatigue affects accuracy in laboratory test conditions and in clinical practice. The extensive opportunities for future research in the area are explored, including testing interventions to reduce fatigue-related error, and further understanding of which fatigue measures correlate with errors. Finally we explore the possibility of answering these questions using large population-based observational studies and pragmatic integrated randomised controlled trials.

scholarly journals First-generation antipsychotic long-acting injections v. oral antipsychotics in schizophrenia: Systematic review of randomised controlled trials and observational studies

2009 ◽  
Vol 195 (S52) ◽  
pp. s20-s28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Haddad ◽  
Mark Taylor ◽  
Omair S. Niaz
Keyword(s):  
Observational Studies ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Regression To The Mean ◽  
Global Improvement ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Randomised Controlled

BackgroundAntipsychotic long-acting injections (LAIs) are often used in an attempt to improve medication adherence in people with schizophrenia.AimsTo compare first-generation antipsychotic long-acting injections (FGA–LAIs) with first- and second-generation oral antipsychotics in terms of clinical outcome.MethodSystematic literature review.ResultsA meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) showed no difference in relapse or tolerability between oral antipsychotics and FGA–LAIs but global improvement was twice as likely with FGA–LAIs. Four prospective observational studies were identified; two studies reported lower discontinuation rates for FGA–LAIs compared with oral medication and two found that outcome was either no different or better with oral antipsychotics. Mirror-image studies consistently showed reduced in-patient days and admissions following a switch from oral antipsychotics to FGA–LAIs.ConclusionsThe results are variable and inconclusive. Some evidence suggests that FGA–LAIs may improve outcome compared with oral antipsychotics. Methodological issues may partly explain the variable results. Selective recruitment in RCTs and lack of randomisation in observational studies are biases against LAIs, whereas regression to the mean in mirror-image studies favours LAIs. In terms of future research, a long-term pragmatic RCT of an FGA–LAI against an oral antipsychotic, in patients with problematic adherence, would be of value.

scholarly journals Measurement of long-term outcomes in observational and randomised controlled trials

2007 ◽  
Vol 191 (S50) ◽  
pp. s78-s84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Hodgson ◽  
Chris Bushe ◽  
Robert Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Experimental Paradigm ◽  
Pragmatic Trials ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Randomised Controlled

BackgroundRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for evaluating treatment efficacy. However, the outcomes of RCTs often lackclinical utility and usually do not address real-world effectivenessAimsTo review how traditional RCTs may be triangulatedwith other methodologies such as observational studies and pragmatic trials by highlighting recently reported studies, outcomes used and their respective meritsMethodLiterature review focusing on drug treatmentResultsRecently reported observational and some pragmatic studies show a degree of consistency in reported results and use outcomes that have face validity for cliniciansConclusionsNo single experimental paradigm or outcome provides the necessary data to optimise treatment of mental illness in the clinical setting

scholarly journals A protocol for developing a core outcome set for ectopic pregnancy

Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystle Y. Chong ◽  
Sarah Solangon ◽  
James Kemper ◽  
Kurt Barnhart ◽  
Pamela Causa Andrieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Core Outcome Set ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Core Outcome ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Outcome Set ◽  
Core Outcomes ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Abstract Background Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating ectopic pregnancy have reported many different outcomes, which are themselves often defined and measured in distinct ways. This level of variation results in an inability to compare results of individual RCTs. The development of a core outcome set to ensure outcomes important to key stakeholders are collected consistently will guide future research in ectopic pregnancy. Study aim To develop and implement a core outcome set to guide future research in ectopic pregnancy. Methods and analysis We have established an international steering group of key stakeholders, including healthcare professionals, researchers, and individuals with lived experience of ectopic pregnancy. We will identify potential outcomes from ectopic pregnancy from a comprehensive literature review of published randomised controlled trials. We will then utilise a modified Delphi method to prioritise outcomes. Subsequently, key stakeholders will be invited to score potential core outcomes on a nine-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (not important) to 9 (critical). Repeated reflection and rescoring should promote whole and individual stakeholder group convergence towards consensus ‘core’ outcomes. We will also establish standardised definitions and recommend high-quality measurements for individual core outcomes. Trial registration COMET 1492. Registered in November 2019.

Suicide prevention in educational settings: a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Robinson ◽  
Alison L Calear ◽  
Eleanor Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Educational Settings ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
School Settings ◽  
School Based ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
The University

Objectives: Youth suicide rates are unacceptably high. Schools have long been accepted as an appropriate setting for suicide prevention activities. This review aims to synthesise the evidence for all types of suicide prevention interventions across educational settings. Methods: The review draws on two previous reviews conducted by the authors. In order to be included, studies had to test a specific suicide prevention intervention in an educational setting, have a suicide-related outcome and target young people. Results: A totally of 21 studies were included: 17 were conducted in school settings and four in universities. Seven of the school-based studies (41%) and one of the university studies (25%) were randomised controlled trials. Overall, the trials conducted in schools reported positive effects, as did four of the non- randomised controlled trials. Two of the university-based studies reported positive effects. Both universal and indicated interventions showed positive results; no iatrogenic effects were reported. Conclusions: School-based studies can have a positive impact on suicide-related behaviour and, overall, do not appear to cause harm. Study quality is variable, and the number of studies conducted in school settings far exceed those conducted in universities. These gaps need to be addressed by future research.

Depression and cardiovascular disease: does antidepressant treatment improve cardiac outcome?

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 156-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Reference Sections ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cardiac Outcome ◽  
Randomised Controlled

AbstractObjective: The association between depression and cardiovascular disease has been well documented but the nature of this relationship continues to be defined. Given the accumulation of epidemiological evidence linking these diseases a number of interventional studies have been undertaken to assess the issue of whether antidepressant treatment in depressed patients with cardiovascular disease improves cardiac outcome. The objective of this paper is to review recent randomised controlled trials on this topic and to explore the implications that these may have for future research in this area.Method: This review is derived from a MEDLINE search using the search terms ‘depressive disorder’ and ‘cardiovascular diseases’. Only randomised controlled trials published in English with clearly defined methods and interventions are included here. Reference sections from the articles were used to identify additional relevant studies.Results: A small number of high quality trials were uncovered which indicated mixed results in terms of the treatment of depression in cardiovascular disease. None indicated a statistically significant difference in cardiac outcome.Conclusions: It is not possible at this time to recommend treatment for depression to reduce cardiovascular risk. However depression remains prevalent in patients with cardiovascular disease and is a treatable cause of morbidity in its own right.

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