scholarly journals The study of the area of distribution of west nile virus in the territory of the European part of Russia; the results of seroepidemiological research. report 1: Astrakhan region, Krasnodar region, Stavropol region, Saratov region

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 244-252
Author(s):  
Alina A. Kozlova ◽  
A. M Butenko ◽  
V. F Larichev ◽  
A. R Azarian ◽  
A. P Grishanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
European Part ◽  
Research Report ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Saratov Region ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Stavropol Region ◽  
Krasnodar Region

Sera of inhabitants of the European part of Russia, collected in 2010-2013 were studied with the use of ELISA and neutralization test. Antibodies to West Nile virus were detected in 19.6% of cases in the Astrakhan region, 4.5% - in the Krasnodar region, 0.9% - in the Saratov region and 5.4% - in the Stavropol region. The coincidence of the results of the examination of sera in ELISA-IgG and neutralization test accounted of 80.7% in the Astrakhan region, 72.2% - in the Krasnodar region and 69.2% - in the Saratov region. The presented results correlate with the incidence and duration of known epidemiological activity of West Nile fever in the territories of these regions. Analysis of our data, as well as statistics of the morbidity rate of West Nile fever in the Volgograd and Rostov regions and Dagestan confirm endemic and expanding foci of this infection in the southern regions of Russia, currently including Astrakhan, Volgograd, Rostov, Saratov, Krasnodar and Stavropol regions and Dagestan. The most active and stable foci are located on the territory of Astrakhan, Volgograd and Rostov regions.

scholarly journals Results of the West Nile Fever Agent Monitoring in the Russian Federation in 2019 and the Forecast of Epidemic Situation Development in 2020

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Putintseva ◽  
I. O. Alekseychik ◽  
S. N. Chesnokova ◽  
S. K. Udovichenko ◽  
N. V. Boroday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
European Part ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
The West ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
The Russian Federation

The trend towards an increase in the West Nile fever incidence among the population in the Russian Federation, recorded in the season of 2018, continued and led to a significant increase in the incidence in 2019 (the indicator was 2 times higher than the long-term average). The features of manifestations of the epidemiological process of WNF in 2019 were identified: early registration of cases of the disease, activation of natural and natural-anthropourgic foci in the Southern Federal District (90 % of the total incidence in the Russian Federation), an increase in the share of neuro-invasive forms, dominance of patients aged 50 and older in the structure of the incidence, late epidemic season ending. It was established that in the season of 2019, the lineage 2 of WNV circulated in the European part of Russia. In the Volgograd Region, simultaneous presence of the West Nile virus and Sindbis virus in mosquitoes Culex pipiens and Culex modestus was identified. It was shown that the most significant factors for predicting the epidemiological situation on West Nile fever in the Volgograd Region are the average seasonal summer air temperature and monthly average indicators of relative humidity in the spring and summer periods, and the average monthly air temperatures in the spring and summer in the Rostov Region. In the Astrakhan Region, a significant correlation dependence of the influence of the considered factors on the incidence of the population has not been established. The forecast of the development of epidemic situation in 2020 does not exclude a possible increase in the incidence in the territories of the European part of Russia, endemic for West Nile fever, and the occurrence of local outbreaks in individual constituent entities, if the complex of climatic conditions and social factors favorable for West Nile virus coincide.

scholarly journals WEST NILE FEVER IN THE SARATOV REGION IN 2013-2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 219-226
Author(s):  
E. V. Kazorina ◽  
T. Yu. Krasovskaya ◽  
A. V. Kazantsev ◽  
E. V. Naydenova ◽  
I. N. Sharova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Saratov Region ◽  
Stable Domain ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Live Stock ◽  
Regional Population ◽  
The City

West Nile virus (WNV) circulation in the territory of Saratov region and its role in the infectious pathology were investigated. For this purpose, in studies conducted in 2013-2015, suspensions of bloodsucking arthropods, organs of birds and small mammals were analyzed for the presence of WNV markers (antigens and/or RNA). The seroprevalence level in live-stock animals and population of the region was evaluated; clinical samples from patients with symptoms compatible with West Nile fever (WNF) were analyzed. As a result of the investigations, WNV markers were detected in field samples gathered in natural biotopes and in the city of Saratov. Immunity to WNV was detected in horses. A stable domain of persons with immunity to this agent was revealed among regional population. Patients with WNF have been annually registered in the region since 2012. The obtained results confirm active circulation of WNF in the Saratov region, as well as formation of stable natural and anthropourgic foci.

scholarly journals Investigation of Live-Stock Animals Seroprevalence to West Nile Virus in the Territory of the Saratov Region

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
E. V. Kazorina ◽  
T. Yu. Krasovskaya ◽  
A. V. Kazantsev ◽  
S. A. Shcherbakova ◽  
A. A. Chastov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Test System ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Saratov Region ◽  
Private Households ◽  
Live Stock

Aim – to determine the intensity of West Nile virus circulation in anthropogenic biotopes in the territory of the Saratov Region between 2012 and 2017. Materials and methods. 1454 blood serum samples from animals of private households and agricultural cooperatives in 14 districts of the Region were investigated: 1111 samples from horses and 343 samples from the cattle. Sera were examined for the presence of total antibodies to WNV using a test system registered in the Russian Federation to detect antibodies to this virus by a competitive enzyme immunoassay «ID Screen West Nile Competition Multi-species» («ID. Vet», France). Results and discussion. The share of resistant to WNV cohort of live-stock animals in the territory of the Saratov Region over the whole period of study was (14.0±0.9) %, particularly in horses – (15.9±1.1) %, and in the cattle – (7.9±1.5) %. The highest values were observed for horses. High level of resistance in live-stock animals was registered in the districts located on the left bank of the river Volga: central ones – Engels (36.4±5.5), Fedorovsky (29.0±4.6), and Sovetsky (20.0±3.7); southern districts – Rovensky (74.3±5.3 %) and Krasnokutsky (15.7±4.4), which confirms the assumption about the initial introduction of the virus from neighboring territories of the Volgograd Region into the territory of the Left Bank where there are characteristic near-water biotopes and active circulation of the agent takes place. The data obtained on the detection of the resistant live-stock animal cohort testify to the spread of West Nile virus in the territory of the surveyed districts of the Saratov Region and, in particular, anthropogenic biotopes which further points to the formation of persistent natural and natural-anthropourgic foci of West Nile fever.

scholarly journals Global Seroprevalence of West Nile Virus in Horses of Morocco

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-555
Author(s):  
Ghizlane Hanafi Houoiten ◽  
Ikhlass El Berbri ◽  
Wissal Mahir ◽  
Kaoutar Aalilouch ◽  
Badaoui Bouabid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Mild Fever

West Nile Fever (WNF) is a viral emerging mosquito-borne disease causing mortality and morbidity with varying severity (from mild fever to severe neuroinvasive disease) among human and animal populations in many parts of the world. The current study aimed to confirm the virus circulation and assess the disease seroprevalence in horses of Morocco. A sample of 1171 healthy non-vaccinated (against-WNF) horses, taken from 11 (out of 12) regions of the country during July-December 2016, was primarily tested using competitive ELISA assay (cELISA). All cELISA-reactive positive and doubtful sera (n= 269) were further tested by virus neutralization test (VNT). The results of cELISA test revealed an overall WNF seroprevalence in 21.8% (255/1171) of sampled horses. This rate decreased to 18.8% (220/1171) after the confirmation of VNT. The WNF seroprevalence in the current study varied significantly by age, gender, and breed of the tested horses. Indeed, the higher seropositivity rates were found in the oldest (27.7%), female (22.0%), and saddle (32.1%) horses. However, the origin of animals did not show any significant effect on the West Nile virus infection. The obtained results of the present study, therefore, provided serological and epidemiological evidence of the endemicity of the WNV in horse populations of Morocco.

scholarly journals Is West Nile virus a potential cause of central nervous system infection in Brazil?

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 761-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane N Soares ◽  
Mauro J. Cabral Castro ◽  
José M Peralta ◽  
Marcos R.G. de Freitas ◽  
Marzia Puccioni-Sohler
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Viral Encephalitis ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Central Nervous System Infection ◽  
Viral Meningitis ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
West Nile ◽  
The City

Meningitis and encephalitis are complications of West Nile virus (WNV) infection. Although WNV is endemic in North America, the virus has recently been reported in Colombia and Argentina. Investigation of WNV in Brazil is important since this virus has never been studied previously in this country. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the presence of WNV infection in viral encephalitis/meningitis cases of unknown etiology in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHOD: Thirty-seven adults with viral meningitis/encephalitis had their serum and CSF tested for WNV antibodies using the ELISA method. RESULTS: Only one case was WNV-positive, but this case was also positive for dengue. The plaque reduction neutralization test distinguished infections, and was negative for WNV. CONCLUSION: WNV can be confused with dengue infection. Their symptoms and neurological picture are similar. We did not find WNV in any patients with encephalitis and meningitis in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Up to now, it has not been detected in Brazil

scholarly journals Increase in human West Nile and Usutu virus infections, Austria, 2018

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (43) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan W. Aberle ◽  
Jolanta Kolodziejek ◽  
Christof Jungbauer ◽  
Karin Stiasny ◽  
Judith H. Aberle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Usutu Virus ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
Human West Nile Virus ◽  
Imported Cases

Between 28 June and 17 September 2018, 27 cases of human West Nile virus infections were recorded in Austria; four cases of West Nile neuroinvasive disease, 11 cases of West Nile fever, six infections detected by blood donation screening and six imported cases. In addition, 18 cases of human Usutu virus infections (all blood donors) were recorded. This is the highest number of annual infections recorded in Austria since the introduction of both viruses.

scholarly journals Human cases of West Nile Virus Infection in north-eastern Italy, 15 June to 15 November 2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (33) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Barzon ◽  
M Pacenti ◽  
R Cusinato ◽  
M Cattai ◽  
E Franchin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
Antibody Prevalence ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
West Nile ◽  
The Third ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
North Eastern

In 2010, for the third consecutive year, human cases of West Nile virus (WNV) infection, including three confirmed cases of neuroinvasive disease and three confirmed cases of West Nile fever, were identified in north-eastern Italy. While in 2008 and 2009 all human cases of WNV disease were recorded in the south of the Veneto region, cases of WNV disease in 2010 additionally occurred in two relatively small northern areas of Veneto, located outside those with WNV circulation in the previous years. WNV IgG antibody prevalence in blood donors resident in Veneto was estimated as ranging from 3.2 per 1,000 in areas not affected by cases of WNV disease to 33.3 per 1,000 in a highly affected area of the Rovigo province. No further autochthonous human cases of WNV disease were notified in Italy in 2010. The recurrence of human cases of WNV infection for the third consecutive year strongly suggests WNV has become endemic in north-eastern Italy.

scholarly journals West Nile Fever in the Tula region, Russian Federation

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
A. M. Butenko ◽  
A. A. Kozlova ◽  
V. F. Larichev ◽  
T. K. Dzagurova ◽  
R. A Pantykhova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Serological Testing ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
Febrile Disease ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
Duration Of Disease ◽  
First Time

As a result of serological testing (MAC-ELISA, ELISA-IgG and neutralization test) 143 sera from 132 patients with acute febrile disease of unknown etiology hospitalized in summer 2012 in the hospitals of Tula, the first time in Tula and the Tula region were diagnosed 4 cases of West Nile fever. The age ofpatients was 42, 60, 62 and 64. They all got sick in August 2012. The temperature reached 39-40°C. Duration of disease from 13 to 20 days, the duration of hospitalization from 8 to17 days. Neurological symptoms were observed in two patients in the form of meningeal syndrome and encephalopathy with asthenic symptoms (in one case) and faint meningeal syndrome (in another).

Vectorial Competence Potential of Culex Quinquefasciatus (Say, 1923) from the Amazon Region to Transmit West Nile Virus Isolated in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lúcia Aline Moura Reis ◽  
Eliana Vieira Pinto da Silva ◽  
Maria Nazaré Oliveira Freitas ◽  
Rossela Damasceno Caldeira ◽  
Pedro Arthur da Silva Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Potential Vector ◽  
Brazilian Strain ◽  
Vectorial Competence ◽  
Viral Titers

Abstract The West Nile virus is characterized as a neurotropic pathogen that causes the West Nile fever. It is transmitted by mosquitoes, mainly of the Culex genus. In 2018, the Evandro Chagas Institute carried out the first isolation of WNV strain from a horse brain sample and in 2021 the same institute also isolated the WNV in a pool of mosquitoes of the Culex spp. from the Carajás region (Pará). Thus, this study aimed to determine the vectorial competence of Culex quinquefasciatus from the Amazon region of Brazil for transmission the WNV Brazilian strain. Oral infection of Cx. quinquefasciatus females belonging to F1 generation was performed with infected blood with WNV. Subsequently, analysis of infection, dissemination and transmission rates was performed, as well as verification of viral titers in the samples. The study demonstrated that Cx. quinquefasciatus can act as a potential vector of WNV in Brazil, since it was found that the Brazilian strain was able to overcome the host's anatomical barriers and spread to various regions, among them in saliva, in which, despite the low viral titers identified, it had a transmission rate of 100% on the 21st day after infection.

scholarly journals Serum Neutralization Assay Can Efficiently Replace Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test for Detection and Quantitation of West Nile Virus Antibodies in Human and Animal Serum Samples

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1460-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annapia Di Gennaro ◽  
Alessio Lorusso ◽  
Claudia Casaccia ◽  
Annamaria Conte ◽  
Federica Monaco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Neutralization Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test ◽  
Serum Neutralization ◽  
Human Sera

ABSTRACTA serum neutralization assay (SN) was compared with the official plaque reduction neutralization test for the quantitation of West Nile virus antibodies. A total of 1,348 samples from equid sera and 38 from human sera were tested by these two methods. Statistically significant differences were not observed, thus supporting the use of SN for routine purposes.

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