scholarly journals Infections and reproductive health (Part III). Clinical manifestations of vaginal infections, including STDs

1999 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
E. F. Kira
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Vaginal Infections ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Pathogenic Agents

Bacterial vaginosis is a disease characterized by abundant vaginal discharge in which no known pathogenic agents, such as Trichomonas vaginalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Candida fungi, are detected. Diagnosis is based on clinical examination and special laboratory methods.

scholarly journals Bacterial vaginosis, the leading cause of genital discharge among women presenting with vaginal infection in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 531-537
Author(s):  
Mtebe V Majigo ◽  
Paschal Kashindye ◽  
Zachariah Mtulo ◽  
Agricola Joachim
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Vaginal Infection ◽  
Vaginal Infections ◽  
Regional Referral Hospital

Background: Pathological vaginal discharge is a common complaint of women in reproductive age worldwide caused by various agents. The prevalence and etiologic agents vary depending on the population studied. Management of vaginal discharge in low-income countries, typically depend on the syndromic approach, which limits understanding the specific causative agents. We determined the proportion of bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, and trichomoniasis among women with vaginal discharge at a regional referral hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study between June and August of 2017 among nonpregnant women at Amana Regional Referral Hospital. Experienced staff performed physical examination to establish a clinical diagnosis, and collection of the high vaginal swab for microscopic examination. Descriptive statistics were performed to assess the characteristics of study participants and the proportion of vaginal infections. Results: A total of 196 samples were collected, of all, 128 (65.3%) had either bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, or trichomo- niasis. Bacterial vaginosis was the leading infection at 33.2%, followed by candidiasis (19.4%) and trichomoniasis (13.3%). Laboratory confirmed vaginal infection were generally found more in age below 25, unmarried, and those employed or petty business. Conclusion: The proportion of bacterial vaginosis in women with vaginal discharge was relatively higher than others, and the presence of vaginal infection relate to socio-demographic characteristics. Further advanced studies are needed to understand the potential role of aetiologic agents in causing vaginal infections. Keywords: Bacterial vaginosis; vaginal discharge; genital infection.

scholarly journals Bacterial vaginosis. Modern view of the problem and its status in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
L.V. Kalugina ◽  
T.F. Tatarchuk ◽  
I.V. Shmulian
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Long Course ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Research objective: to examine the incidence of asymptomatic and recurrent bacterial vaginosis (BV) in Ukrainian women and to evaluate diagnostic and treatment strategies for the disease control. Materials and methods. This study lasted from January to March 2021 and included 277 doctors of women's clinics, gynecological hospitals and oncology centers from all regions of Ukraine. Information was provided on 12 896 patients between of 18 and 59 ages with BV. Results. Analysis of data from 12 896 questionnaires allowed us to determine that women from 18 to 35 years of age (62.6%) were the most frequently consulted about BV. Only 58.72% patients with BV reported about abnormal vaginal discharge as the reason for visit, while 41.24% of the respondents reported other reasons. Questionnaire analysis of patients with vaginal discharge revealed scant symptoms of the disease: only 62.67% complained about the change of discharge character; 38.49% and 36.35% of examinees pointed to the vaginal itching and unpleasant odor, respectively; 19.89% of patients were troubled by dysuric symptoms and 15.10% of patients mentioned dyspareunia. In the list of submitted questionnaires, 59.92% of patients indicated an additional examination to identify the causes of vaginitis by the PCR method (urogenital scraping). According to its results, Gardnerella vaginalis was detected in diagnostically significant concentrations in 71.49% of patients, Atopobium vaginae was found in 11.32% of cases, Mobiluncus spp. was detected in 19.96% of patients and Trichomonas vaginalis was found in 13.12% of patients. Candida colonization was diagnosed in 62.07%, with Candida albicans in 48,52% cases and non-albicans forms in 13,55% of patients.In the treatment of BV priority was given to the vaginal forms of the most compliant therapy regimens: 2 times a day for 3 days or once a day for 7 days, depending on the clinical situation. Some patients opted for a long course of treatment for recurrent infections, choosing the combination metronidazole 750 mg / miconazole 200 mg 1 suppository once a day for 5 days for 12 months.Conclusion. Diagnosis of BV in Ukraine continues to be based on clinical conditions and requires a unified algorithm that will be based on current clinical guidelines and dictated by national protocols for management. High mycotic colonization (62,07%) in BV makes it expedient to use combined agents (metronidazole 750 mg / miconazole 200 mg tioconazole/tinidazole) both as etiotropic and empirical therapy and especially if there are clinical conditions that may can cause BV (before surgical interventions, after antibiotic therapy, in endocrine pathology, etc.).

scholarly journals BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS;

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 252-257
Author(s):  
Faiqa Saleem ◽  
Munazza Malik ◽  
Muhammad Sohaib Shahid ◽  
Muhammad Tayyab
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Vaginal Infections ◽  
Vaginal Gel ◽  
Vaginal Cream ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

In women of reproductive age bacterial vaginosis is a most common polymicrobialdisease and is the leading reason for vaginal discharge in this age group. Additionally itis further linked with sizeable disease burden of community problem in terms of infectiouscomplications. Clindamycin vaginal cream and metronidazole vaginal gel are effective in themanagement of vaginal infections caused by multi bacteria. Objectives: To compare thetherapeutic efficacy of Metronidazole vaginal gel and clindamycin vaginal cream as modality oftreatment for bacterial vaginosis. Study Design: Randomized control trial. Setting: Departmentof Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Unit-3 Jinnah Hospital Lahore. Period: Six months from 02-05-2011 to 01-11-2011. Material & Methods: A total of 300 patients were included in this study.They were divided into two groups. Group A received metronidazole vaginal gel (5 g dailyfor 7 days) while group B administered with clindamycin vaginal cream (5g daily for 7 days).Results: Mean age of the patient was observed 34.3+3.5 and 32.9+ 2.1 years in group –A andB respectively. Vaginal discharge was absent in 104 patients (69.3%) from group A and 127(84.7%) from group-B. Absence of clue cells on microscopy revealed in 112 patients (74.7%)from group A and 137 patients (91.3%) from group B. Absence of amine odour found in 116patients (77.3%) of group A and 134 patients (89.3%) of group B. Significant difference wasfound between two groups with p value of 0.006 in respect of efficacy. Conclusion: Clindamycinvaginal cream is more effective in comparison to Metronidazole vaginal gel for the treatment ofbacterial vaginosis.

scholarly journals Study of Trichomonas Vaginalis and Bacterial Vaginosis in Pap smear at a Tertiary Health Care Centre of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Rakesh Pathak ◽  
P Pradhan ◽  
S Pudasaini ◽  
S Maharjan ◽  
AS Basnyat
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Vaginal Infections ◽  
Health Care Centre ◽  
Pap Screening

Cervical-vaginal infections are common problems in women of reproductive age presented with clinical features like white vaginal discharge, foul smelling odor and pruritis. Trichomonas vaginalis, Candidia and Gardnerella vaginalis are responsible for infectious vaginitis in creating anaerobic environment favoring Bacterial vaginosis caused by organisms like Gardnerella vaginalis, Chlamydia Trachomatis. Papanicolaou (Pap) smear examination is the simple, quick, painless routine screening test used for identification and detection of precancerous changes of uterine cervix as well as the cervico-vaginal infections resulting from bacterial, fungal and candida infections. The prime objective of the study was to identify the age wise distribution of cervical-vaginal infections and determine the frequency of Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) and Bacterial vaginosis (BV). A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Pathology, Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu. A total of 163 cases of TV and BV diagnosed on Pap smear were taken for the study. However, 564 Pap smears were received in the Department of Pathology for cytological evaluation during the study period. Once the smears were stained, the presence of clue cells, cannon balls and Trichomonas were observed. Out of 564 Pap smears received during the study period, 163 cases were of BV, TV and combined BV and TV. These 163 cases were included in our study. The age ranged from 20 to 65 years with majority (19.1%) of the women belonging to 35-39 years and the mean age was 38.18 ± 10.18 years. There were 97 cases (17.2%) of BV, 50 cases (8.9%) of TV and 16 cases (2.8%) of TV and BV co-infection. Bacterial vaginosis was the most predominant type of cervicovaginal infection followed by TV infection and TV and BV co-infections. Trichomonas vaginalis may create an environment favoring the development of BV. Pap screening could be the beneficial tool in early disease diagnosis and helps in preventing further complications by starting appropriate treatment.

Converging epidemics of sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis in southern African female adolescents at risk of HIV

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun L Barnabas ◽  
Smritee Dabee ◽  
Jo-Ann S Passmore ◽  
Heather B Jaspan ◽  
David A Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
South African ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

Adolescents in Africa are at high risk for HIV infection, other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and bacterial vaginosis (BV). Since behavior and burden of STIs/BV may influence HIV risk, behavioral risk factors and prevalence of STIs/BV were compared in HIV-seronegative adolescent females (n = 298; 16–22 years) from two South African communities (Soweto and Cape Town). STIs ( Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitalium, herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1, HSV-2, Treponema pallidum, and Haemophilus ducreyi) were detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction, human papillomavirus (HPV) by Roche Linear Array, and BV by Nugent scoring. Rates of BV (Nugent ≥7; 46.6%) and HPV (66.8%) were high in both communities. Prevalence of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae were >2-fold higher in Cape Town than Soweto (Chlamydia: 42% [62/149] versus 18% [26/148], p < 0.0001; gonorrhoea 11% [17/149] versus 5% [7/148], p = 0.05). Only 24% of adolescents with vaginal discharge-causing STIs or BV were symptomatic. In South African adolescents, clinical symptoms compatible with vaginal discharge syndrome had a sensitivity of 23% and specificity of 85% for the diagnosis of discharge-causing STI or BV. In a region with high HIV prevalence and incidence, >70% of young women with treatable conditions that could enhance HIV risk would have been missed because they lacked symptoms associated with syndromic management.

scholarly journals 1219. Diagnosing vaginal discharge syndrome and its potential impact on clinical practice in a regional hospital in Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S630-S631
Author(s):  
Sung-Hsi Huang ◽  
Heng-Cheng Hsu ◽  
Tai-Fen Lee ◽  
Hui-Ming Fan ◽  
Chi-Wei Tseng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Empirical Treatment ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Clinical Patient ◽  
Diagnostic Assays

Abstract Background Vaginal discharges are frequently encountered in clinical practice and usually managed empirically. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and trichomoniasis among adult women of reproductive age and evaluate the appropriateness of empirical treatment. Methods Non-pregnant women between the age of 20 and 49 years who presented with vaginal discharge were prospectively enrolled in a teaching hospital since Oct 2018. Vaginal swabs were collected for determination of Nugent score, culture for Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) and Candida species, and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for BV, VVC and TV. Demographics, symptoms, physical findings, and the empirical treatment were recorded. Results From Oct 2018 to May 2020, 172 women were included (median age, 37 years). The prevalence of laboratory confirmed BV, VVC, and TV was 21.5% (n=37), 20.3% (35), and 0.6% (1), respectively. Ten (5.8%) women had concurrent BV and VCC. Among 38 women who had bacterial vaginosis or trichomoniasis, only 8 (21.1%) received metronidazole empirically while more than half (11/19, 57.9%) of women who received metronidazole empirically did not have laboratory-confirmed bacterial vaginosis or trichomoniasis. Among 35 women who had candidiasis, 10 (28.6%) received antifungal agents. Antifungal agents were prescribed to more than two thirds (21/31, 67.7%) of women who did not have laboratory confirmed candidiasis. Overall, 58.7% (101/172) of empirical treatment was deemed optimal. Multiplex PCR test has an overall diagnostic accuracy of 86.0% (148/172) as compared to the composite gold standard. Conclusion The empirical treatment for vaginal discharge syndrome is suboptimal. Better diagnostic assays have a potential to improve clinical patient care. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Identifying Causes of Vaginal Discharge: The Role of Gynecologic Symptoms and Signs

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhan D Hasan ◽  
Dwiana Ocviyanti
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Good Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Abstract Objective: To attain diagnostic accuracy of various gynecologic symptoms and signs in identifying causes of vaginal discharge. Method: Eighty-two subjects were included in this cross sectional study. Gynecologic symptoms and signs were inquired from each subject and further laboratory examinations were carried out to identify the etiology. Diagnostic accuracy for each symptom and sign was compared to the laboratory examination as the standard reference. Symptoms and signs with positive predictive value (PPV) of more than 50% were considered to have good diagnostic accuracy. Result: For bacterial vaginosis, excessive wetness in genital area; vulvar maceration; and thin, turbid, yellowish vaginal discharge had PPVs of 53%; 52%; and 52%, respectively. For candidal vaginitis, vulvar maceration; and white, curd-like vaginal discharge had PPVs of 58% and 100%, respectively. For trichomoniasis, thin, turbid, frothy, yellowish vaginal discharge; and strawberry-cervix appearance had PPVs of 60% and 100%, respectively. There were no symptoms or signs with PPV of more than 50% for chlamydial cervicitis. Diagnostic accuracy for clinical findings in gonorrheal cervicitis could not be calculated due to the small number of subjects. Conclusion: Various gynecologic symptoms and signs were found to be accurate in diagnosing bacterial vaginosis, candidal vaginitis, and trichomoniasis. No symptoms or signs were considered accurate to aid etiological diagnosis for chlamydial and gonorrheal cervicitis. Keywords: bacterial vaginosis, Candida sp, Chlamydia trachomatis, gynecologic symptoms and signs, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis

scholarly journals PROFIL DUH TUBUH VAGINA DI POLIKLINIK KULIT DAN KELAMIN RSUP PROF. DR. R.D KANDOU MANADO TAHUN 2009–2011

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youlanda Emelia Moeri ◽  
Pieter Levinus Suling ◽  
Herry E. J. Pandeleke
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidosis ◽  
Abnormal Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Age Range

Abstract: Vaginal discharge is a problem for most women because it can cause discomfort, anxiety, and interfere with daily life. Bacterial vaginosis, trichomonas vaginalis, and candida infection are the most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge, and brought about 20–25% of women to the doctor. The purpose of this study is to found out vaginal discharge profiles in Dermatovenereology Polyclinic Prof Dr. R.D Kandou General Hospital in 2009–2011. A retrospective descriptive study method was performed by taking all new  patients data of vaginal discharge complaint and diagnosis with bacterial vaginosis,  vulvovaginal candidiasis and trichomoniasis. noted based on medical record including the visitation patients, diagnose, age and work. The results obtained are 131 new patients vaginal discharge complaint and diagnosis with bacterial vaginosis  were 80 patients (61.07%), vulvovaginal candidosis were 44 patients (33.59%), and trichomoniasis were 7 patients (5.34%). Age range mostly 25–44 years old is 68 patients (51,91%).  housewife is the mostly work in patients there were 45 patients (34,35%). The conclusions,  based on the result obtained are more cases in bacterial vaginosis compared with vulvovaginal candidiasis and trichomoniasis. Keywords: bacterial vaginosis, , trichomoniasis , vaginal discharge, vulvovaginal candidiasis. ABSTRAK: Duh tubuh vagina merupakan masalah bagi sebagian besar wanita karena dapat menimbulkan rasa tidak nyaman, cemas dan mengganggu kehidupan sehari-hari. Vaginosis bakterial, infeksi candida dan trichomonas vaginalis merupakan penyebab paling sering dari duh tubuh vagina yang abnormal pada wanita dan yang membawa sekitar 20–25% wanita ke dokter. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendapatkan  profil duh tubuh vagina di Poliklinik Kulit dan Kelamin RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D Kandou Tahun 2009–2011. Metode penelitian ini dilakukan secara retrospektif deskriptif dengan mengambil data seluruh kasus baru dengan keluhan duh tubuh vagina yang didiagnosa vaginosis bakterial, kandidosis vulvovaginalis, dan trikomoniasis. Dari catatan medik pasien dicatat meliputi jumlah kunjungan, diagnosa, umur dan pekerjaan. Hasil yang didapatkan yaitu 131 pasien baru dengan duh tubuh vagina dengan diagnosa vaginosis bakterial sebanyak 80 pasien (61,07%), kandidosis vulvovaginal sebanyak 44 pasien (33,59%), dan trikomoniasis sebanyak 7 pasien (5,34%). Kelompok umur terbanyak pada usia 25–44 tahun yaitu  68 pasien (51,91%). Pekerjaan pasien terbanyak yaitu ibu rumah tangga yaitu 45 pasien (34,35%). Kesimpulan yang diambil yaitu berdasarkan hasil  penelitian ditemukan kasus vaginosis bakterial lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan kandidosis vulvovaginalis dan trikomoniasis. Kata kunci: duh tubuh vagina, kandidosis vulvovaginal, trikomoniasis, vaginosis bakterial.  

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