Finding "tuberculous" bacilli in the blood of healthy individuals and patients with tuberculosis

1913 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
A E Leman
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Number Of Authors

For the study of blood in the presence of tuberculosis bacilli, they began to use the Stubli method 1), with 3% acetic acid, and Uhlenhuth 2) antiformin, which, as is known, is a mixture of 7.52% chlorine. For example, the number of authors who found acid-resistant bacilli in the circulating blood of tuberculosis patients began to grow rapidly, and nowadays one can count more than twenty works on this issue. The difference lies only in the process of finding sticks by various authors.

scholarly journals CORRELATION BETWEEN SERUM CALCIUM LEVELS AND SMEAR GRADING AMONG THE PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramod Sood ◽  
Sanjay Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Cause Of Deaths ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group Serum

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is contagious and airborne. TB was one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide in 2017.  It is also the leading killer of people with HIV and a major cause of deaths related to antimicrobial resistance. Methods: Microscopically confirmed TB patients were included in the cases group and healthy individuals in the control group. Serum Ca was estimated by kit method, by auto analyzer. ANOVA and t- test was used to find the statistical significance. Results: The mean serum Ca was 7.32±1.22 mg/dl in TB and 9.41±2.13 mg/dl in controls. The mean serum Ca levels were 7.22±1.20 mg/dl, 7.14±1.14 mg/dl, 7.12±1.10 mg/dl and 7.06±1.02 mg/dl respectively for scanty, 1+. 2+ and 3+; statistically the difference were not significant (P > 0.05) between the grades. Conclusion: Hypocalcemia observed in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. No correlation was found between the mean serum Ca levels and grading. Keywords: Calcium, TB, AFB.

scholarly journals Antibody response against PhoP efficiently discriminates among healthy individuals, tuberculosis patients and their contacts

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. e0173769
Author(s):  
Aurobind Vidyarthi ◽  
Nargis Khan ◽  
Tapan Agnihotri ◽  
Kaneez F. Siddiqui ◽  
Girish R. Nair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients

About acute non-suppurative thyroiditis  

1930 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
M. M. Lyakhovitsky  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Rare Diseases ◽  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Thymus Gland ◽  
Suppurative Thyroiditis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Acute Thyroiditis ◽  
Number Of Authors

Acute thyroiditis, especially non-purulent, are very rare diseases. The first works devoted to the description of acute inflammation of the thyroid gland date back to the beginning of the last century. In the works of a number of authors (Conradi, W eitenwebe.r'a, Bauchet'a, Pi II c hod), the essence of this disease has already been successfully clarified and the difference between thyroiditis inflammation of a healthy thyroid gland and strumite inflammation of the thymus gland is firmly established. In the process of further study of this issue, a number of works appeared (Lcbert'a, Kocher'a, Mygind'a, etc.), in which, along with elucidation of a number of etiological moments that cause this disease, and a description of the pathological anatomical picture, were questioned and even the existence of primary non-suppurative thyroiditis was denied.

CDH1 germline mutations in healthy individuals from families with the hereditary diffuse gastric cancer syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. jmedgenet-2021-108226
Author(s):  
Giovanni Corso ◽  
Francesca Magnoni ◽  
Giulia Massari ◽  
Cristina Maria Trovato ◽  
Alessandra Margherita De Scalzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Germline Mutations ◽  
Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer ◽  
Diffuse Gastric Cancer ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Cancer Syndrome ◽  
The Difference

The objective of this study was to determining the frequency of different sub-types of pathogenic CDH1 germline mutations in healthy and asymptomatic individuals from families with the hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) syndrome. Relevant literature dating from 1998 to 2019 was systematically searched for data on CDH1 germline mutations. The collected variants were classified according to their subtype into the following classes: missense, non-sense, splicing, insertions and deletions. The χ2 test was used to estimate if the difference observed between patients with gastric cancer (GC) and unaffected individuals was statistically significant. CDH1 genetic screening data were retrieved for 224 patients with GC and 289 healthy individuals. Among the subjects that had tested CDH1 positive, splicing mutations were found in 30.4% of the healthy individuals and in 15.2% of the patients with GC (p=0.0076). Missense mutations were also found to occur in healthy subjects with higher frequency (22.2%) than in GC-affected individuals (18.3%), but the difference was not significant in this case. In families meeting the clinical criteria for the HDGC syndrome, CDH1 splicing and missense germline mutations have been reported to occur with higher frequency in healthy subjects than in patients with cancer. This preliminary observation suggests that not all pathogenic CDH1 germline mutations confer the same risk of developing GC.

scholarly journals IL-4 Level in Rifampicin-Sensitive and Rifampicin-Resistant Lung Tuberculosis Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joko Susanto ◽  
Jusak Nugraha ◽  
Soedarsono Soedarsono
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Lung Tuberculosis ◽  
Characteristics Analysis ◽  
Resistant Group ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sensitive Group

Tuberculosis remains a global health burden. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection causes humoral and cellularresponses. Macrophages of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis evolve M1 polarization that blocks infection orimmunosuppressive M2, promoting tissue repair mediated by IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13. Previous research showed a decrease ofIL-4R and IL-10 expression in lung macrophages of anti-TB drug resistance. A molecular test can detectrifampicin- resistance. There has been no study, which showed the difference in serum IL-4 levels in rifampicin-sensitive andrifampicin-resistant tuberculosis patients. This study aimed to determine the difference between circulating IL-4 levels inrifampicin-sensitive and rifampicin-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients. This cross-sectional observational studyconsecutively recruited subjects based on positive molecular and acid-fast bacilli microscopic examination from MDR-TBClinic of the Dr. Soetomo Hospital between December 2018 to March 2019. Subjects were classified into arifampicin-sensitive and rifampicin-resistant group. On ELISA measurement, IL-4 data were analyzed with SPSS version 17.Mann-Whitney U test and ROC analysis tests were performed, and p < 0.05 was significant for α=0.05 (95% CI). There wassignificant difference between rifampicin-sensitive group (420±281 pg/mL) and rifampicin-resistant group(253±279 pg/mL) (p=0.014). Receiver operating characteristics analysis showed AUC 0.70, the sensitivity of 81.5%, thespecificity of 63.6%, and the cut-off value of 235.6 pg/mL. There was a significantly higher level of circulating IL-4 in therifampicin-sensitive group than the rifampicin-resistant group. IL-4 level in healthy subjects should be measured as thenormal value in the population. Immunology and metabolic parameters should be performed to increase samplehomogeneity. Further study was also needed to understand the IL-4 role in rifampicin resistance of lung tuberculosispatients in the Indonesia population.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of acetic acid wash protocol and the interpretation patterns of blood contaminated cervical cytology ThinPrep® specimens

CytoJournal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora K. Frisch ◽  
Yasin Ahmed ◽  
Seema Sethi ◽  
Daniel Neill ◽  
Tatyana Kalinicheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Acid Wash ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesions

Background: ThinPrep® (TP) cervical cytology, as a liquid-based method, has many benefits but also a relatively high unsatisfactory rate due to debris/lubricant contamination and the presence of blood. These contaminants clog the TP filter and prevent the deposition of adequate diagnostic cells on the slide. An acetic acid wash (AAW) protocol is often used to lyse red blood cells, before preparing the TP slides. Design: From 23,291 TP cervical cytology specimens over a 4-month period, 2739 underwent AAW protocol due to initial unsatisfactory smear (UNS) with scant cellularity due to blood or being grossly bloody. Randomly selected 2739 cervical cytology specimens which did not undergo AAW from the same time period formed the control (non-AAW) group. Cytopathologic interpretations of AAW and non-AAW groups were compared using the Chi-square test. Results: About 94.2% of the 2739 cases which underwent AAW were subsequently satisfactory for evaluation with interpretations of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) 4.9% (135), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) 3.7% (102), and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) 1% (28). From the 2739 control cases, 96.3% were satisfactory with ASCUS 5.5% (151), LSIL 5.1% (139), and HSIL 0.7% (19). The prevalence of ASCUS interpretations was similar (P = 0.33). Although there were 32% more HSIL interpretations in the AAW group (28 in AAW vs. 19 in non-AAW), the difference was statistically insignificant (P = 0.18). AAW category; however, had significantly fewer LSIL interpretations (P = 0.02). The percentage of UNS cases remained higher in the AAW group with statistical significance (P < 0.01). Conclusions: While AAW had a significantly higher percent of UNS interpretations, the protocol was effective in rescuing 94.2% of specimens which otherwise may have been reported unsatisfactory. This improved patient care by avoiding a repeat test. The prevalence of ASCUS and HSIL interpretations between AAW and non-AAW groups were comparable. Though not statistically significant, HSIL interpretations were relatively higher in the AAW group. LSIL interpretations showed lower prevalence in AAW group.

I. On a new class of bodies homologous to hydrocyanic acid. -I

1868 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 144-147
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
New Class ◽  
Atom Group ◽  
The Difference

The typical transformation which hydrocyanic acid undergoes when sub­mitted, under appropriate circumstances, to the action of water, is capable of assuming two different forms when accomplished in its homologues. If the hydrocyanic molecule be found to fix the elements of two mole­cules of water, yielding ultimately formic acid and ammonia, it is obvious that the atom group which in the homologues of hydrocyanic acid we as­sume in the place of hydrogen may be eliminated when these homologues are decomposed by water in conjunction either with formic acid or with ammonia. To take an example: —When acting with water upon the sim­plest homologue of hydrocyanic acid (upon cyanide of methyl), we may ex­pect to see the methyl-group separating either in the form of methyl-formic, i. e . acetic acid, or in the form of methyl-ammonia, i. e . of methylamine, The difference of the two reactions and their relation to the metamorphosis of hydrocyanic acid itself are exhibited by the following equations:

Destruction of C2H4O2 isomers in ice-phase by X-rays: Implication on the abundance of acetic acid and methyl formate in the interstellar medium

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (S332) ◽  
pp. 418-424
Author(s):  
Marina G. Rachid ◽  
K. Faquine ◽  
S. Pilling
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Methyl Formate ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Formation Cross Section ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Synchrotron Light ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Astrophysical Ices

AbstractC2H4O2 isomers, methyl formate (HCOOCH3), acetic acid (CH3COOH) and glycoaldehyde (HOCH2CHO), have been detected in a lot of sources in ISM. However, their abundances are very different, with methyl formate much more abundant than the other two isomers. This fact may be related to the different destruction by ionizing radiation of these molecules. The goal of this work is experimentally study the photodissociation processes of methyl formate and acetic acid ices when exposed to broadband soft X-ray from 6 up to 2000 eV. The experiments were performed coupled to the SGM beamline in the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Source (LNLS/CNPEM) at Campinas, Brazil. The simulated astrophysical ices (12K) were monitored throughout the experiment using infrared vibrational spectroscopy. The analysis of processed ices allowed the determination of the effective destruction cross sections of the parent molecules as well as the effective formation cross section of daughter molecular species. The relative abundance between acetic acid and methyl formate (NCH3COOH/NHCOOCH3) in different astronomical scenarios and their column density evolution in the presence of X-rays were calculated and our results suggests that such radiation field can be one of the factors that explain the difference in the isomers C2H4O2 abundances. We also quantified the daugther species after the establishment of a chemical equilibrium in the samples.

scholarly journals Cyclodiene Chemistry. II. Identification of the Derivatives Employed in the Confirmation of Heptachlor, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis-Chlordane, and frans-Chlordane Residues

1969 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 1100-1105
Author(s):  
W P Cochrane
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Allylic Alcohol ◽  
Heptachlor Epoxide ◽  
Addition Reactions ◽  
Unsaturated Alcohol ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Vinyl Derivatives ◽  
Alcohol Derivative

Abstract The effect of strong basic reagents on the title compounds was investigated. The dehydrochlorination of cis-chlordane proceeds rapidly to give 3-chlorochlordene, whereas its isomer, trans-chlordane, loses HCl very slowly to yield 2-chlorochlordene. The difference in rates of HCl elimination and the formation of isomeric chloro-vinyl derivatives is discussed with reference to the mechanisms of the reactions and the structures of the parent compounds. The action of basic reagents on heptachlor epoxide resulted in preferential epoxide isomerization (or rearrangement) to an allylic alcohol derivative. The structure of this α,β- unsaturated alcohol was elucidated from the characterization of the products formed by chlorination and oxidation. Ileptachlor undergoes substitution to give 1-hydroxychlordene in basic hydroxylic media. The addition reactions of tert.-butyl hypochlorite/glacial acetic acid to both heptachlor and aldrin are also mentioned.

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