A case of fetal malformation (teratodoa sacrococcygeal region)

1930 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
G. I. Sharafutdinov
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Malformation ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Germ Layers ◽  
Sacrococcygeal Region ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Different Tissues

Teratomas are tumors that contain different tissues and even different organs at different stages of development. These tumors sometimes consist of more or less cavities - cysts, sometimes they are solid. The tissues that make up the teratoma, taking the same part in its formation, can be derivatives of one, two or all three germ layers. The products of the development of these sheets in teratomas, in contrast to dermoids, are intermixed extremely randomly, and sometimes the excessive growth of one tissue makes the rest hardly noticeable.

Investigation on the origin of the definitive endoderm in the rat embryo

Development ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-459
Author(s):  
B. Levak-Švajger ◽  
A. Švajger
Keyword(s):  
Primitive Streak ◽  
Definitive Endoderm ◽  
Rat Embryo ◽  
Chick Blastoderm ◽  
Germ Layers ◽  
Kidney Capsule ◽  
Rat Embryos ◽  
Endodermal Cells ◽  
Derivatives Of

Single germ layers (or combinations of two of them) were isolated from the primitive streak and the head-fold stage rat embryos and grown for 15 days under the kidney capsule of syngeneic adult animals. The resulting teratomas were examined histologically for the presence of mature tissues, with special emphasis on derivatives of the primitive gut. Ectoderm isolated together with the initial mesodermal wings at the primitive streak stage gave rise to tissue derivatives of all three definitive germ layers. Derivatives of the primitive gut were regularly present in these grafts. At the head-fold stage, isolated ectoderm (including the region of the primitive streak) differentiated into ectodermal and mesodermal derivatives only. Endoderm isolated at the primitive streak stage did not develop when grafted and was always completely resorbed. At the head-fold stage, however, definitive endoderm differentiated into derivatives of the primitive gut if grafted together with adjacent mesoderm. These findings indirectly suggest the migration of prospective endodermal cells from the primitive ectoderm, and therefore a general analogy with the course of events during gastrulation in the chick blastoderm.

scholarly journals Towards a classification of stem cells

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Laplane ◽  
Eric Solary
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Different Tissues

The characteristic properties of stem cells – notably their ability to self-renew and to differentiate – have meant that they have traditionally been viewed as distinct from most other types of cells. However, recent research has blurred the line between stem cells and other cells by showing that the former display a range of behaviors in different tissues and at different stages of development. Here, we use the tools of metaphysics to describe a classification scheme for stem cells, and to highlight what their inherent diversity means for cancer treatment.

The snail gene required for mesoderm formation in Drosophila is expressed dynamically in derivatives of all three germ layers

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 983-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Alberga ◽  
J.L. Boulay ◽  
E. Kempe ◽  
C. Dennefeld ◽  
M. Haenlin
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Finger Protein ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Germ Layers ◽  
Mesoderm Formation ◽  
Rna Accumulation ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Late Stages

The zygotic effect gene snail (sna) encodes a zinc-finger protein required for mesoderm formation in Drosophila embryos. By in situ analysis, sna transcripts are first detected at syncytial blastoderm and persist until very late stages of embryogenesis. Expression of sna is transient and is observed in tissues derived from all three germ layers. Prior to germband elongation, sna RNA accumulation is consistent with its genetically determined role in mesoderm formation. Starting at germband elongation, a second phase of sna expression appears to be initiated, characterized by a highly dynamic accumulation of transcripts in the developing central and peripheral nervous systems. Translation of sna RNA is apparently delayed as the sna protein is not detected before the onset of gastrulation. Its regional distribution generally correlates with that of sna transcripts. The complex pattern of sna expression strongly suggests that the function of the gene is not restricted to mesoderm formation.

Mitotic activity of epithelia of ectoand entodermal types in spontaneous and experimental teratomas of mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Pavel A. Dyban
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Germ Layers ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Ovarian Teratomas

Spontaneous ovarian teratomas in mice (LT/Sv and LT/SvXBJ) and experimental teratomas (the result of blastocyst transplantation underneath a testicle capsule of CBAXC57 mice) are represented with derivatives of three germ layers. During the process of cytodifferentiation, the epithelium of various origins forms closed cavities (cysts), whereas in more complex morphogenetic processes, the epithelium participates in reduced organogenesis. Intestine analogs have been reported in spontaneous and experimental teratomas, but skin analogs have been shown only in experimental teratomas. The mitotic activity of lining epithelia of organ analogs differs significantly from karyokinetic figures of similar epithelia in cysts. Possible reasons for this phenomenon are discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Embryonic origin and serial homology of gill arches and paired fins in the skate (Leucoraja erinacea)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria A. Sleight ◽  
J. Andrew Gillis
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Body Plan ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Germ Layers ◽  
Axial Patterning ◽  
Serial Homology ◽  
Embryonic Origin ◽  
Dual Origin ◽  
Derivatives Of

AbstractPaired fins are a defining feature of the jawed vertebrate body plan, but their evolutionary origin remains unresolved. Gegenbaur proposed that paired fins evolved as gill arch serial homologues, but this hypothesis is now widely discounted, owing largely to the presumed distinct embryonic origins of these structures from mesoderm and neural crest, respectively. Here, we use cell lineage tracing to test the embryonic origin of the pharyngeal and paired fin skeleton in the skate (Leucoraja erinacea). We find that while the jaw and hyoid arch skeleton derive from neural crest, and the pectoral fin skeleton from mesoderm, the gill arches are of dual origin, receiving contributions from both germ layers. We propose that gill arches and paired fins are serially homologous as derivatives of a continuous, dual-origin mesenchyme with common skeletogenic competence, and that this serial homology accounts for their parallel anatomical organization and shared responses to axial patterning signals.

GENERATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS (iPSCs) FROM ADULT CANINE FIBROBLASTS

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Jorge A. Piedrahita ◽  
Sehwon Koh ◽  
Natasha Olby
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Es Cells ◽  
Ips Cells ◽  
Embryoid Bodies ◽  
Germ Layers ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Derivatives Of

Pluripotent stem cells such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can give rise to derivatives of all three germ layers and thus have great potential in regenerative medicine. In mice and humans, it has been shown that embryonic and adult fibroblasts can be reprogrammed into pluripotency by introducing four transcription factors, Oct3/4, Klf4, Sox2 and c-Myc (OKSM). In his presentation we will describe the derivation of iPS cells from adult canine fibroblast by retroviral OSKM transduction. The isolated canine iPS cells were expanded in three different iPS culture media (FGF2, LIF and FGF2 plus LIF) and only the cells cultured in FGF2 plus LIF showed strong AP activity expressed pluripotency markers, POU5F1 (OCT4), SOX2, NANOG and LIN28 as well as ES cells-specific genes (PODXL, DPPA5, FGF5, REX1 and LAMP1). In vitro differentiation by formation of embryoid bodies (EBs) and directed differentiation showed cell derivatives of all three germ layers as confirmed by expression for AFP, CXCR4 and SOX17 (endoderm), desmin (DES), vimentin (VIM), MSX1 and BMP2 (mesoderm) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), TUJ1, NCAM and bIII-tubulin (TUBB, ectoderm). In vivo, the putative canine iPS cells formed simple teratomas that expressed markers for all three germ layers. In summary, we were able to derive induced pluripotent cells from adult somatic cells by using four transcription factors. The isolated canine iPSCs have similar characteristics to ESCs from other species, but the exact cellular mechanisms behind their unique co-dependency on both FGF and LIF is still unknown. This work was funded by a grant from the America Kennel Club to JAP.

Ciliated Granulosa Cells of the Bat, Myotis grisesoens

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 102-103
Author(s):  
Marlene B. Appley ◽  
Kenneth M. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cell ◽  
Golgi Complex ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Germ Layers ◽  
Mature Follicle ◽  
Wide Range

Ultrastructural study of the bat ovary reveals ciliated granulosa cells in follicles of all stages of development. Figs. 1-4 show a developmental range of follicles from the very youngest (Fig. 1) to the near or mature follicle (Fig. 4).The location and intracellular association of the cilia with the nucleus, Golgi complex and diplosome are the same in follicles of all degrees of development (Figs. 1-4). It seems significant that the cilium (c) of the granulosa cell is located consistently on that surface of the cell which is oriented toward the ovum (Figs. 1-4).The cilia have a fiber pattern of 9+0, in contrast to the usual 9+2 (Fig. 2). Cilia of this type have been found in a wide range of dissimilar organs. They are limited to metazoans. Their presence provides no clue to the origin of the granulosa cells, since all three germ layers may give rise to ciliated cells.

Effect of the T-mutation on histogenesis of the mouse embryo under the testis capsule

Development ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
H. Fujimoto ◽  
K. O. Yanagisawa
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Germ Layers ◽  
Derivatives Of

Mouse embryos homozygous for the T-mutation show abnormalities, severer at the posterior embryonic regions, by day 9 of gestation and die before day 11 in utero. To analyse developmental potentiality of the T/T embryos, fragments of their anterior and posterior portions were grafted into the testes of adult T/+ mice, and examined histologically for the tissues formed after 1 month. The grafted tissues of the T/T embryos grew beyond the destined lethal stage and gave rise to benign teratomas composed of mature tissues. Although there were some different features of the tissues formed in the teratomas derived from different portions and stages of the embryos, their types were essentially identical between wild-type and the mutant teratomas. Statistical analysis showed that frequency of the cartilage and/or bone formation was significantly lower in the posterior mutant teratomas. It cannot be concluded, however, that this difference is essentially caused by T-mutation. The main conclusion of present experiments is that grafted portions of T/T embryos have the potentiality to develop intoteratomas containing derivatives of all three germ layers.

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