scholarly journals About nitrogen metabolism with a lacto-vegetable diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1147-1155
Author(s):  
A. B. Volovik
Keyword(s):  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Scarlet Fever ◽  
Milk Diet ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Mild Form ◽  
Preliminary Calculation ◽  
Vegetable Diet ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Mashed Potatoes ◽  
Conditions Of Work

In one of our reports, we were able to show that a milk diet, which does not satisfy the energy needs of scarlet fever patients, leads to a negative nitrogen balance. Since in the milk diet, along with a moderate content of protein and fat, there were extremely few carbohydrates, it was natural to assume that an increase in the amount of the latter could have a significant effect on protein metabolism. To replenish food with carbohydrates, we included in the diet, in addition to milk, vegetable purees, cereals, jelly. The menu was composed in such a way that for breakfast and dinner, patients were given porridge with milk, and for lunch, vegetable puree and cranberry jelly. In addition, children received 200 grams twice a day. milk as a drink. The well-known schematization of dishes was carried out in order to facilitate the technical conditions of work. According to a preliminary calculation, the total caloric value of our lacto-vegetable diet was 2086 calories, with a content of 56 grams in food. squirrel, 294 gr. carbohydrates and 70 gr. fat. Of the 10 children put on this menu, only one 12-year-old patient with a mild form of scarlet fever ate the whole food offered to him, while the rest of the children were content with more or less of the dishes they were given. Patients aged 4-5 years drank an average of 600-700 grams. milk and ate 150-300 gr. porridge, 75-150 gr. mashed potatoes and 150-200 gr. jelly; older children ate 400-500 grams. porridge, 150-300 gr. puree, 250-300 gr. jelly and about 800 gr. milk.

scholarly journals Isolated night cough in children: how does it differ from wheeze?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Jurca ◽  
Myrofora Goutaki ◽  
Philipp Latzin ◽  
Erol A. Gaillard ◽  
Ben D. Spycher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
School Age ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Mild Form ◽  
Cough Variant Asthma ◽  
Asymptomatic Children ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Sex

AbstractBackgroundChildren with night cough but no wheeze might have a mild form of asthma (cough variant asthma), sharing risk factors with children who wheeze, and possibly developing wheeze later.MethodsWe compared risk factors of children with isolated night cough and children with wheeze in the Leicester Respiratory Cohort study at ages 1, 4, 6, and 9 years. We also compared prognoses of children with isolated night cough, children with wheeze, and asymptomatic children.ResultsAmong 4,101 children at age 1 year, 2,854 at 4, 2,369 at 6, and 1,688 at 9 years, the prevalence of isolated night cough was 10% at age 1 and 18% in older children, while prevalence of wheeze decreased from 35% at 1 year to 13% at age 9. Although many risk factors were the same for cough and wheeze, day care, reflux, and family history of bronchitis were more strongly associated with cough, and male sex and family history of asthma with wheeze. Over one-third of pre-schoolers with cough continued to cough at school age, but their risk of developing wheeze was similar to that of children asymptomatic at earlier surveys. Wheeze tracked more strongly throughout childhood than cough.ConclusionsSome risk factors for cough and wheeze were shared and some were not; there was little evidence that children with isolated night cough have an increased risk of future wheeze. This suggests that only a fraction of children with isolated night cough might have a variant of asthma, if at all.

Children's specialty nutrition for patients with phenylketonuria

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Зенон Валентинович Ловкис ◽  
Елена Михайловна Моргунова ◽  
Дмитрий Александрович Зайченко ◽  
Наталья Иосифовна Белякова ◽  
Сергей Владимирович Симоненко ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Special Group ◽  
Protein Food ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Mashed Potatoes ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

В статье рассматриваются вопросы создания специализированного питания в Республике Беларусь, тенденции его развития и специализированная продукция как особая группа продуктов для больных с нарушениями белкового обмена - фенилкетонурией, целиакией и почечной недостаточностью, а также с болезнями неврологического характера, при лечении которых применяются лекарства, исключающие одновременное употребление пищи, содержащей белок. Специалистами РУП «Научно-практический центр Национальной академии наук Беларуси по продовольствию» разработан ассортимент низкобелковых пищевых продуктов с пониженным содержанием фенилаланина, который представлен одиннадцатью наименованиями: макаронные изделия; сухие смеси для приготовления картофельного пюре и клецек; сухие смеси для выпечки печенья и кексов; сухие гранулированные продукты: «Крупа гречневая» «Крупа кукурузная» и сухие смеси на их основе для приготовления каш. Для исследования эффективности разработанных низкобелковых продуктов специализированного назначения был проведен ряд клинических исследований с участием добровольцев. Одно из исследований было направлено на проведение сравнительной оценки эффективности разработанных РУП «НПЦ НАН Беларуси по продовольствию» продуктов и продуктов иностранного производства. Полученные результаты исследований свидетельствуют, что разработанные продукты не уступают по качеству зарубежным аналогам и могут быть использованы для питания детей, больных фенилкетонурией. The article discusses the creation of specialized nutrition in the Republic of Belarus, trends in its development and specialized products as a special group of products for patients with protein metabolism disorders - phenylketonuria, celiac disease and renal failure, as well as neurological diseases, in the treatment of which they are used drugs that exclude the simultaneous use of food containing protein. Specialists of RUE «Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Food» have developed an assortment of low-protein food products with a reduced content of phenylalanine, which is represented by eleven names: pasta; dry mixes for making mashed potatoes and dumplings; dry mixes for baking cookies and muffins; dry granulated products: «Buckwheat groats» «Corn groats» and dry mixtures based on them for the preparation of cereals. To investigate the effectiveness of the developed low-protein products for specialized purposes, a number of clinical studies were conducted with the participation of volunteers. One of the studies was aimed at carrying out a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of products and products of foreign production developed by the RUE «Scientific Research Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Food». The obtained research results indicate that the developed products are not inferior in quality to foreign analogues and can be used for feeding children with phenylketonuria.

Relaxatio diaphragmatica

1934 ◽  
Vol 30 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 756-759
Author(s):  
Ya. V. Borin
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Scarlet Fever ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Mild Form

On 12/XII 1928, Kolya S., age 9, was admitted to the department with a mild form of scarlet fever. The anamnesis revealed that the patient had had measles, chickenpox, malaria, and pneumonia twice; there was no indication that he had pleurisy. The mother had severe typhoid fever during the last months of pregnancy. According to his relatives, the child did not differ much from the other children, but still he had shortness of breath somewhat more often than his companions after a little physical exertion.

scholarly journals Prevalence, characteristics and severity of hypomineralization of the first permanent molars and incisors in children from the northern part of Kosovo and Metohija

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 364-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brankica Martinovic ◽  
Mirjana Ivanovic ◽  
Andrijana Cvetkovic ◽  
Jelena Todic ◽  
Zoraida Milojkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Developmental Anomaly ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Mild Form ◽  
Enamel Defects ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Permanent Molars ◽  
First Permanent Molars

Introduction/Objective. Molar-incisor hypomnineralization (MIH) is relatively common developmental anomaly characterized by hypomineralized enamel defects in the first permanent molars and incisors. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypomineralization of the first permanent molars and incisors in children aged eight and 10 years who live in the northern part of Kosovo and Metohija. Methods. The study included 712 respondents, 289 of whom aged eight (40.6%) and 423 of whom aged 10 years (59.4%). Criteria according to Weerheijm were used for diagnosis of hypomineralization and the severity of changes was determined. Results. The frequency of hypomineralized changes in the first permanent molars and incisors of the examined children in this area was 12.2%. It was lower in children aged eight years (10.7%) compared to those aged 10 (13.2%). Demarcated enamel opacity was more common in younger children, whereas both atypical restoration and tooth extraction due to hypomineralization were more common in older children. Mild form is more common in children aged eight years, whereas both severe form and severe form with extracted teeth are more common in children aged 10 years. The results indicate that the first permanent molars were most commonly affected by MIH changes. Conclusion. The percentage of the respondents with MIH changes in the northern part of Kosovo and Metohija, which is 12.2%, is not negligible and points to the necessity of early diagnosis in order to prevent and reduce the complications of the condition by timely prevention and treatment.

scholarly journals Both Food Liking and Energy Density Influence Children's Portion Selection

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 737-737
Author(s):  
Hanim Diktas ◽  
Liane Roe ◽  
Kathleen Keller ◽  
Barbara Rolls
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Dietary Reference Intake ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Higher Ed ◽  
Food Liking ◽  
Reference Amount

Abstract Objectives Food liking influences food choice and the most-liked foods are often energy dense. Previous studies found that both food liking and energy density predicted the size of portions selected by adults. To extend these findings, we investigated the independent and combined effects of food liking and energy density on portion selection in children. Methods In two laboratories, 67 children aged 7–16 years (49% girls; 16% with overweight or obesity) completed a computerized survey to assess characteristics of 20 common foods. Children were shown images of the foods and used 100-point scales to rate how much they liked the food (liking) and how much they would eat at a specified meal (portion selection). The energy density (ED) of the foods ranged from 0.3 to 4.9 kcal/g. The survey displayed five images of food amounts at 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90% of the scale. The portion size of the 50% image was used as the reference amount and was based on mean intake for similar aged children from a U.S. national survey. Individual energy needs were estimated using the Dietary Reference Intake equations. Results There were independent effects of children's liking ratings and food ED, which did not interact to influence portion selection (p = 0.21). Across all foods, food liking had a strong effect on the portion size selected (p < 0.0001); the magnitude of this effect depended on age (−0.04 ± 0.02; p = 0.015). Food energy density had a smaller effect (p = 0.04) that also depended on age (−0.39 ± 0.15; p = 0.010). Younger children selected larger portions (relative to the reference portion) from higher-ED foods than lower-ED foods; conversely, older children selected smaller portions from higher-ED foods. The effects of age remained significant when adjusted for individual energy needs. The effects on portion selection of either food liking or energy density were not influenced by children's sex, BMI-for-age percentile or BMI z-score. Conclusions These results confirm that food liking and food ED are significant determinants of portion selection in children. The finding that liking affected portion selection even for low-ED foods has implications for promoting healthy eating habits in children. Serving larger portions of well-liked low-ED foods such as fruits and vegetables can be a strategy to promote children's intake. Funding Sources NCRR, NCATS, NIDDK.

Effect of ADH on Rat Renal Papilla, an Ultrastructural and Cytochemical Study

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 410-411
Author(s):  
C. N. Sun ◽  
H. J. White ◽  
E. J. Towbin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Diabetes Insipidus ◽  
Renal Papilla ◽  
Milk Diet ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Collecting Tubule ◽  
Concentrate Urine ◽  
Staining Techniques ◽  
Collecting Tubules

Diabetes insipidus and compulsive water drinking are representative of two categories of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) lack. We studied a strain of rats with congenital diabetes insipidus homozygote (DI) and normal rats on an isocaloric fortified dilute milk diet. In both cases, the collecting tubules could not concentrate urine. Special staining techniques, Alcian Blue-PAS for light microscopy and lanthanum nitrate for electron microscopy were used to demonstrate the changes in interstitial mucopolysaccharides (MPS). The lanthanum staining was done according to the method of Khan and Overton.Electron microscopy shows cytoplasmic lesions, vacules, swelling and degenerating mitochondria and intercellular spaces (IS) in the collecting tubule cells in DI and rats on milk diet.

RTS,S/AS01, a vaccine targeting pre-erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-537
Author(s):  
Lorenz von Seidlein ◽  
Borimas Hanboonkunupakarn ◽  
Podjanee Jittmala ◽  
Sasithon Pukrittayakamee
Keyword(s):  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Pivotal Phase ◽  
Malaria Epidemiology ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Sub Saharan

RTS,S/AS01 is the most advanced vaccine to prevent malaria. It is safe and moderately effective. A large pivotal phase III trial in over 15 000 young children in sub-Saharan Africa completed in 2014 showed that the vaccine could protect around one-third of children (aged 5–17 months) and one-fourth of infants (aged 6–12 weeks) from uncomplicated falciparum malaria. The European Medicines Agency approved licensing and programmatic roll-out of the RTSS vaccine in malaria endemic countries in sub-Saharan Africa. WHO is planning further studies in a large Malaria Vaccine Implementation Programme, in more than 400 000 young African children. With the changing malaria epidemiology in Africa resulting in older children at risk, alternative modes of employment are under evaluation, for example the use of RTS,S/AS01 in older children as part of seasonal malaria prophylaxis. Another strategy is combining mass drug administrations with mass vaccine campaigns for all age groups in regional malaria elimination campaigns. A phase II trial is ongoing to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the RTSS in combination with antimalarial drugs in Thailand. Such novel approaches aim to extract the maximum benefit from the well-documented, short-lasting protective efficacy of RTS,S/AS01.

Sentence Repetition: A Clinical Marker for Developmental Language Disorder in Danish

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 4450-4463
Author(s):  
Rikke Vang Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Language Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Developmental Language Disorder ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Clinical Marker ◽  
Sentence Repetition ◽  
Good Identification ◽  
Syntactic Properties

Purpose The aim of the study was to explore the potential of performance on a Danish sentence repetition (SR) task—including specific morphological and syntactic properties—to identify difficulties in children with developmental language disorder (DLD) relative to typically developing (TD) children. Furthermore, the potential of the task as a clinical marker for Danish DLD was explored. Method SR performance of children with DLD aged 5;10–14;1 (years;months; n = 27) and TD children aged 5;3–13;4 ( n = 87) was investigated. Results Compared to TD same-age peers, children with DLD were less likely to repeat the sentences accurately but more likely to make ungrammatical errors with respect to verb inflection and use of determiners and personal pronouns. Younger children with DLD also produced more word order errors that their TD peers. Furthermore, older children with DLD performed less accurately than younger TD peers, indicating that the SR task taps into morphosyntactic areas of particular difficulty for Danish children with DLD. The classification accuracy associated with SR performance showed high levels of sensitivity and specificity (> 90%) and likelihood ratios indicating good identification potential for clinical and future research purposes. Conclusion SR performance has a strong potential for identifying children with DLD, also in Danish, and with a carefully designed SR task, performance has potential for revealing morphosyntactic difficulties. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.10314437

Time-Based Prospective Memory in Schoolchildren

2011 ◽  
Vol 219 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babett Voigt ◽  
Ingo Aberle ◽  
Judith Schönfeld ◽  
Matthias Kliegel
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Strategic Monitoring ◽  
Primary School Age

The present study examined age differences in time-based prospective memory (TBPM) in primary school age children and tested the role of self-initiated memory retrieval and strategic time monitoring (TM) as possible developmental mechanisms. Fifty-four children were recruited from local primary schools (27 younger children, mean age = 7.2 ± 0.55 years, and 27 older children, mean age = 9.61 ± 0.71 years). The task was a driving game scenario in which children had to drive a vehicle (ongoing task) and to remember to refuel before the vehicle runs out of gas (TBPM task, i.e., the fuel gauge served as child-appropriate time equivalent). Fuel gauge was either displayed permanently (low level of self-initiation) or could only be viewed on demand by hitting a button (high level of self-initiation). The results revealed age-dependent TBPM differences with better performance in older children. In contrast, level of self-initiated memory retrieval did not affect TBPM performance. However, strategies of TM influenced TBPM, as more frequent time checking was related to better performance. Patterns of time checking frequency differed according to children’s age and course of the game, suggesting difficulties in maintaining initial strategic TM in younger children. Taken together, the study revealed ongoing development of TBPM across primary school age. Observed age differences seemed to be associated with the ability to maintain strategic monitoring.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document