Intraluminal duodenal “windsock” diverticulum; Case Report and discussion

Intraluminal duodenal diverticulum (IDD) is a rare developmental anomaly usually found in the second portion of the duodenum. The cause appears to be a failure of recanalization of the occluded foregut lumen of the human embryo, resulting in a fenestrated mucosal membrane [1]. A small aperture in this diaphragm will gradually cause it to elongate caudally in response to duodenal peristalsis to form the so called “wind-sock” configuration. Symptoms are nonspecific and generally depend on the degree of duodenal obstruction; 25% of cases are associated with GI bleeding. In most documented cases, IDD was diagnosed radiologically, but the value of endoscopy for diagnosis and treatment has been amply demonstrated.

A Case of Placental Abruption Complicated by Vaginal Trial of Labor in a Unicornuate Uterus

Unicornuate uterus has a low incidence,it is a congenital uterine developmental anomaly, it has many complications during pregnancy, and it is less common in pregnancy to term. This article retrospectively analyzes a case of unicornuate uterus with a full-term vaginal trial of labor and delivery with placental abruption resulting in neonatal asphyxia. We also present the typology of unicornuate uterus, diagnosis, and discuss the mode of delivery in the light of the literature, in order to raise awareness of this type of disease among medical professionals and reduce the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Fibrous dysplasia of maxilla – A rare case report

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a skeletal developmental anomaly, which is non-hereditary in origin and idiopathic in nature. It is a benign fibro-osseous disease that affects one or more bones. It usually affects unilaterally and is seen in the posterior region. Approximately 0.5% of untreated cases show the malignant transformation. We report the case of a 35-year-old female patient with FD involving the maxilla. The clinical diagnostic approach, different imaging modalities, and histological examination methods for definitive diagnosis have been elaborated.

Bilateral multipartite patellae avulsions associated with a unilateral quadriceps tendon rupture

Multipartite (or bipartite) patella is a developmental anomaly that occurs in 2%–6% of individuals. In 50%, the variant is bilateral. Multipartite patella is usually an asymptomatic condition. Quadriceps tendon rupture is also a rare entity occurring mostly in men aged >40 years and usually results from an acute eccentric quadriceps contracture. The authors present a case of a patient with bilateral multipartite patellae that sustained bilateral multipartite avulsions as well as an associated unilateral quadriceps tendon rupture. This constellation of injuries has never been reported in the literature. The patient was treated with excision of the multipartite patella fragments and quadriceps tendon repair on the side with the extensor mechanism disruption. He was treated non-operatively for the contralateral lower extremity multipartite patella avulsion. This report, along with a thorough review of the literature, serves to demonstrate the clinical and radiographic characteristics of this unusual injury.

Squamous cell papilloma-like presentation of multiple neurovascular hamartomas of the oral cavity

Significance Statement: Neurovascular hamartomas (NVH) is an uncommon tumor-like developmental anomaly. We hereby report the case of a 28-year-old woman presenting with multiple millimetric excrescences in the oral cavity that were clinically interpreted as squamous cell papilloma and histologically consistent with NVHs. Neurovascular hamartomas is rare in the oral cavity. To the best of our knowledge, multiple NVHs have never been reported at this site.

Connective tissue dysplasia: features of clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment

Connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) is one of the complex issues of modern medicine. It is a unique developmental anomaly that includes a large heterogeneous group of conditions. The systemic nature of the lesion is due to the wide distribution of connective tissue in the body. Dysplastic changes in the connective tissue of various organs and systems are diagnosed when a patient has a set of signs that do not fit into any of the differentiated diseases. The article presents a review of the literature on the definition, causes of development, clinical forms, general approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of CTD.

A UNIQUE DISORDER OF THE STERNUM : HONEYCOMB STERNA

This article describes an uncommon example of a human sternal developmental anomaly in an anatomical specimen from the Department of Anatomy at Shahid Nirmal Mahto Medical College Dhanbad. The non-fusion of lateral ossication centres in the sternebrae caused the uncommonly recognized developmental anomaly, which results in a honeycomb-like appearance of the mesosternum. Sternal deciencies are normally under diagnosed in the clinical literature due to the fact that many instances are asymptomatic. As a result, there is a gap in our modern understanding of the development and anatomical variations of the sternum. Although in the past, large-scale CT investigations have been conducted to explore the incidence of sternal developmental anomalies. A very rare work has been reported on sternal malformations. Most of the sternal abnormalities are clinically insignicant; a lack of awareness of these variants can lead to interpretation of radiological and pathological evidence. Hence, anatomical variants are asymptomatic which is vital in nature.

Coronoid hypoplasia with developmental anomaly: A rare clinical-radiographic finding

A unique case of unilateral coronoid and condylar hypoplasia in 11 year old male patient who presented with progressive facial asymmetry is reported here. It is very rare developmental anomaly, usually condylar hypoplasia is found with coronoid hyperplasia. The patient reported here with complain of facial asymmetry. Clinical examination, conventional radiographs, and three dimensional computed tomography images revealed hypoplasia of both coronoid process and condyle on left side. Early diagnosis by correlating clinical and imaging features is paramount in the management of such patients.

Zinner Syndrome

Zinner syndrome is a developmental anomaly of the urogenital tract. This condition is defined by the triad of unilateral renal agenesis, ipsilateral seminal vesicle cyst and ipsilateral ejaculatory duct obstruction. The syndrome is due to malformation of the mesonephric duct during embryogenesis. The condition used to be rare but is now frequently encountered due to the advent of MRI and CT. MRI confirms the diagnosis by revealing the seminal vesicle cyst and its contents, and the ejaculatory duct obstruction, while CT confirms renal agenesis. We report the case of a young patient with Zinner syndrome.

Imperforate hymen: a case report

Imperforate hymen is one of the rare causes of primary amenorrhea due to uterovaginal developmental anomaly. We report a case of imperforate hymen in a 14-year girl with primary amenorrhea who presented to us with cyclical abdominal pain, mass abdomen and dysuria. Local examination showed bulged and bluish hymen. Ultrasonography showed hematocolpos. She underwent hymenotomy through a cruciate incision and recovered well postoperatively. Hematocolpos should always be considered in a prepubertal girl who presents with primary amenorrhea, mass abdomen and urinary problems.