The influence of some physico-therapeutic stimuli on the nature of the inflammatory reaction

Inflammation belongs to those chapters of pathology that, being well studied, are, however, subject to frequent fundamental re-examination and arouse deep interest and attention among pathologists of all ages. If for every doctor of any specialty it is necessary to have a clear idea of the essence of the phenomenon that makes up the inflammatory reaction, then this is all the more necessary for a physiotherapist, since the result of the influence of most physiotherapeutic stimuli is a reaction approaching the type of inflammatory in its clinical manifestation, and when the stimulus increases, it directly passes into it (burn). The exact differentiation of these reactions and the clinical significance of such a facet can be clarified only by knowing the dynamic characteristics of an organism or a separate tissue site both in cases of inflammation and when exposed to physiotherapeutic stimuli. The latter provision formed the basis of this work,

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New-onset atrial fibrillation as first clinical manifestation of latent Brugada syndrome: prevalence and clinical significance

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehp326 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 30 (24) ◽

pp. 2985-2992 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

C. Pappone ◽

A. Radinovic ◽

F. Manguso ◽

G. Vicedomini ◽

S. Sala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Clinical Significance ◽

Clinical Manifestation ◽

Brugada Syndrome ◽

Onset Atrial Fibrillation ◽

New Onset

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Perioperative Vitamin C and E levels in Cardiac Surgery Patients and Their Clinical Significance

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11092157 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2157

Author(s):

Aileen Hill ◽

Christina Borgs ◽

Christina Fitzner ◽

Christian Stoppe

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Cardiac Surgery ◽

Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Observational Study ◽

Clinical Significance ◽

Organ Dysfunction ◽

Inflammatory Reaction ◽

Primary Objective

Background: Oxidative stress contributes to organ dysfunction after cardiac surgery and still represents a major problem. Antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E might be organ protective. Methods: The primary objective of this prospective observational study was the description to evaluate the perioperative vitamin C and E levels in 56 patients undergoing cardiac surgery with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. The association of vitamin C with inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress, organ dysfunctions, and clinical outcomes were evaluated in an explorative approach. Results: Vitamin C levels decreased significantly from 6.5 (3.5–11.5) mg/L before surgery to 2.8 (2.0–3.9) mg/L 48 h after surgery (p < 0.0001). Fifty-six percent of patients had a suboptimal vitamin C status even before surgery. In protein-denaturized probes, significantly higher vitamin C concentrations were detected (p = 0.0008). Vitamin E levels decreased significantly from preoperative level 11.6 (9.5–13.2) mg/L to 7.1 (5.5–7.4) mg/L, (p = 0.0002) at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass, remained low during the first day on ICU and recovered to 8.2 (7.1–9.3) mg/L 48 h after surgery. No patient was vitamin E deficient before surgery. Analysis showed no statistically significant association of vitamin C with inflammation, oxidative stress or organ dysfunction levels in patients with previously suboptimal vitamin C status or patients with a perioperative decrease of ≥50% vitamin C after surgery. Patients with higher vitamin C levels had a shorter ICU stay than those who were vitamin C depleted, which was not statistically significant (72 versus 135 h, p = 0.1990). Conclusion: Vitamin C and E levels significantly declined intraoperatively and remained significantly reduced low for 2 days after cardiac surgery. The influence of reduced serum levels on the inflammatory reaction and clinical outcome of the patients remain unclear in this small observational study and need to be investigated further. Given vitamin C´s pleiotropic role in the human defense mechanisms, further trials are encouraged to evaluate the clinical significance of Vitamin C in cardiac surgery patients.

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Bovine mastitis therapy and why it fails : continuing education

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association ◽

10.4102/jsava.v71i3.714 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

J.H. Du Preez

Keyword(s):

Continuing Education ◽

Clinical Manifestation ◽

Inflammatory Reaction ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Bovine Mastitis ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Pathological Changes ◽

Related Factors ◽

Pharmacokinetic Properties

Treatment of bovine mastitis depends on the cause, the clinical manifestation and the antibiotic susceptibility of the agent. Mastitis therapy is commonly unsuccessful owing to pathological changes that occur in the udder parenchyma as a result of the inflammatory reaction to mastitogenic bacteria, pharmacokinetic properties of antimicrobial mastitis drugs, mastitogenic bacterial and related factors, and poor animal husbandry and veterinary interventions.

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Brain and heart connections: The trigeminocardiac reflex!

Journal of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care ◽

10.4103/jnacc-jnacc-24.17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 04 (02) ◽

pp. 071-077 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Gyaninder Singh ◽

Tumul Chowdhury

Keyword(s):

Clinical Significance ◽

Clinical Manifestation ◽

Trigeminal Nerve ◽

Warning Signs ◽

Central Nucleus ◽

Physiological Adaptation ◽

Protective Function ◽

Trigeminocardiac Reflex ◽

Face Region ◽

Head Neck

AbstractTrigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) is a well-established neurogenic reflex although its exact mechanism and clinical significance remain unclear. This reflex may be incited by stimulation of the trigeminal nerve anywhere along its course starting from the peripheral distribution to the central nucleus. It usually manifests as bradycardia, asystole, hypotension, apnoea and gastric hypermotility; though other clinical manifestation such as tachycardia and hypertension may also occur. Diving reflex (DR) shares many similarities with TCR in both clinical manifestation and mechanism of action and is often considered as a modified or subtype of TCR. DR is an important physiological adaptation to withstand hypoxia during apnoea in many animal species including humans and thus belongs to a group of oxygen-conserving reflexes. Although TCR is a physiological reflex having protective function, an exaggerated response may have fatal consequences. Surgeries or stimulation involving head, neck and face region (area supplied by trigeminal nerve) are particularly prone to provoke this reflex. Vigilant and continuous monitoring for early identification of warning signs and communication with surgeon to interrupt the stimulus immediately is enough to cease the reflex in most of the cases. However, failure to identify and treat in time may have deleterious consequences and thus TCR has gained much attention and awareness in recent years. Over the last two decades, our knowledge on TCR has expanded but we still remain far from complete elucidation of pathophysiology, mechanism and clinical significance of this unique ‘brain and heart connection’ called TCR.

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A Case of Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus With Distinct Erythematous Borders

Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.1177/1203475415590735 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 600-603 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Megan Surkan ◽

Peter Hull

Keyword(s):

Clinical Significance ◽

Clinical Manifestation ◽

Prognostic Significance ◽

Lichen Sclerosus ◽

Lichen Sclerosus Et Atrophicus ◽

Genital Mucosa ◽

Notable Feature

Background:Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LSA) is a chronic inflammatory and fibrosing condition that mostly affects the genital mucosa. Nongenital skin may be affected either in isolation or in association with genital involvement. A distinct, brightly red border may be seen but is poorly documented in major dermatology texts. In the case presented, such a border was noted in all of the patient’s very extensive lesions.Objective:To draw attention to this clinical manifestation and to stimulate future observations as to its clinical and prognostic significance.Methods and Results:A 67-year-old woman presented with disseminated LSA with genital involvement. All the lesions had a distinct red border. A review of major textbooks available to the authors revealed that the presence of a marginal erythema is regularly not mentioned.Conclusion:An erythematous border to LSA may be a notable feature. Its frequency and clinical significance remain to be determined.

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COVID-19 Is a Multi-Organ Aggressor: Epigenetic and Clinical Marks

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.752380 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Mankgopo Magdeline Kgatle ◽

Ismaheel Opeyemi Lawal ◽

Gabriel Mashabela ◽

Tebatso Moshoeu Gillian Boshomane ◽

Palesa Caroline Koatale ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Viral Replication ◽

Clinical Significance ◽

Clinical Manifestation ◽

Epigenetic Events ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽

Control And Management

The progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), resulting from a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, may be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Several viruses hijack the host genome machinery for their own advantage and survival, and similar phenomena might occur upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. Severe cases of COVID-19 may be driven by metabolic and epigenetic driven mechanisms, including DNA methylation and histone/chromatin alterations. These epigenetic phenomena may respond to enhanced viral replication and mediate persistent long-term infection and clinical phenotypes associated with severe COVID-19 cases and fatalities. Understanding the epigenetic events involved, and their clinical significance, may provide novel insights valuable for the therapeutic control and management of the COVID-19 pandemic. This review highlights different epigenetic marks potentially associated with COVID-19 development, clinical manifestation, and progression.

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