scholarly journals A novel method for assessing valvular mechanism of deep inguinal ring considering the objective topographic anatomical criteria

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-464
Author(s):  
A V Chernyh ◽  
E N Lyubyh ◽  
V G Vitchinkin ◽  
E I Zakurdaev
Keyword(s):  
Inguinal Canal ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Ring Expansion ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Integral Rate ◽  
Boundary Location ◽  
Ring Location ◽  
Internal Oblique ◽  
Deep Inguinal Ring

Aim. To develop a method to assess the valvular mechanism of deep inguinal ring based on objective topographic anatomical criteria. Methods. The research was performed on 123 native corpses of persons without pathology of the anterior abdominal wall. Morphometric examination of the inguinal canal was carried out. The shape of the inguinal gap was determined, inguinal gap and inguinal canal length was measured, as well as deep inguinal ring length and height and deep inguinal ring height. Oval fissured inguinal gap was revealed in 49 (39.8%) persons, intermediate oval - in 51 (41.5%), triangular - in 23 (18.7%). Results. The dependence of the length of the inguinal canal, inguinal gap length, deep inguinal ring size and its standing height on the inguinal gap shape was examined. The method for an objective assessment of the deep inguinal ring valvular mechanism was proposed. The method is based on determining the deep inguinal ring location in reference to the internal oblique abdominal muscles by estimating the integral rate of the inguinal canal length and the inguinal gap length and deep inguinal ring height. Three options for the deep inguinal ring location: upper lateral, lower medial and boundary location are described. Deep inguinal ring positions were determined by cluster analysis. In cases of upper lateral position, which was observed in 28 (22.8%) of cases, the valvular mechanism of deep inguinal ring was stable. In cases of deep inguinal ring lower medial position (41 cases, 33.3%), the opposite results were gained. In cases of deep inguinal ring boundary location (54 cases, 43.9%), the valvular mechanism is stable, but may become insolvent if destructive changes of the lateral abdominal muscles and deep inguinal ring expansion were present. Conclusion. An objective method of assessing the deep inguinal ring valvular mechanism, based on determining the deep inguinal ring location in reference to the oblique abdominal muscles was developed.

To the Question about the Peculiarities of the Structure of Transverse Abdominal Fascia at the Persons of Different Sex, Age and with Different Form of the Inguinal Period

10.12737/4990 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Любых ◽  
E. Lyubykh ◽  
Малеев ◽  
Yu. Maleev ◽  
Черных ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inguinal Canal ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Valve Mechanism ◽  
Back Wall ◽  
Inguinal Hernias ◽  
Abdominal Fascia ◽  
Boundary Location ◽  
Internal Oblique ◽  
Deep Inguinal Ring

The study was aimed at finding new structural features of the rear wall of the inguinal canal, the use of which allow to improving the prevention of inguinal hernias. The study involved 123 corpses of different sex and age. Anatomical and physiological nature of the valve mechanism inguinal canal, the peculiarities of the structure of the back wall in individuals of different sex and age were revealed; the various forms of inguinal gap were studied. Using cluster analysis of transverse fascia thickness abdominal length and height of the deep inguinal ring was one of three variants of the structure back wall of the inguinal canal: a strong, transient and weak. The technique of determining the location of the deep inguinal ring relative to the edge of the internal oblique abdominal muscles is offered. The use of this technique objectively reflects the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the inguinal canal as a whole. In interpreting the results of a valve mechanism of deep inguinal ring should be considered ineffective in the medial or medial edge of the boundary location of the deep inguinal ring relative to the internal oblique abdominal muscles. Functional and anatomical factors that contribute to the formation of inguinal hernias were identified. It is proved that the triangular shape of the inguinal gap causes a high risk of inguinal hernias. In both sexes the transverse abdominal fascia becomes thinner with age, and the deep inguinal ring increases in size. The obtained data will improve the effectiveness of preventive measures.

scholarly journals INTRAOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT OF TOPOGRAPHIC-ANATOMICAL PARAMETERS OF THE INGUINAL CANAL IN HERNIA AND ITS VALUE IN CHOOSING HERNIOPLASTY METHOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-186
Author(s):  
S. A. Zhuk ◽  
◽  
S. M. Smotrin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Inguinal Canal ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Inguinal Hernioplasty ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Internal Oblique ◽  
Comparative Description ◽  
Anatomical Parameters ◽  
Deep Inguinal Ring

Purpose. To give a comparative description of the topographic and anatomical parameters of the inguinal canal in hernias and to evaluate its importance in choosing a method of hernioplasty. Material and methods. In 120 patients with types II, IIIa, IIIb inguinal hernias, the height of the inguinal space (h-IS), the total thickness of the internal oblique and transverse abdominal muscles forming the upper wall of the inguinal canal (TMT) and the diameter of the deep inguinal ring (DDIR) were measured intraoperatively. Results. Pairwise comparisons of the IS height revealed statistically significant differences in this parameter between hernias types II and IIIa, as well as between types II and IIIb (p = 0.0432) in all age groups. In the studied age groups, there were statistically significant differences in the diameter of the deep inguinal ring between patients with hernias types II and IIIa, as well as types II and IIIb (p <0.001). The TMT of the upper wall of the IC in all age groups did not depend on the type of inguinal hernia and was associated with the patient's age. Conclusion. Intraoperative morphometry is an objective method for assessing the topographic and anatomical parameters of the inguinal canal and should underlie the choice of the method of tension or tension-free inguinal hernioplasty during open surgical interventions.

On the issue of radical inguinal hernia surgery

1936 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 892-892
Author(s):  
B. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Inguinal Hernia ◽  
Spermatic Cord ◽  
Inguinal Canal ◽  
Oblique Muscle ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Hernia Surgery ◽  
Internal Oblique Muscle ◽  
Hernial Sac ◽  
Inguinal Hernia Surgery ◽  
Internal Oblique

Stiasnу, H. K Describes his method of radical inguinal hernia surgery, which he recommended for cases where a simple Bassi operation is not applicable due to the weakness of the fascia and abdominal muscles, to strengthen the weakest parts of the inguinal canal the lower inguinal triangle and the site of the spermatic cord exit , the hernial sac, after its isolation from the latter, is cut off as high as possible, and the cord after the incision of the internal oblique muscle of the abdomen is pushed upward at an angle of 45-90 .

Modern Views on Surgical Anatomy of the Inguinal Canal at the Inguinal Hernias

10.12737/5913 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Любых ◽  
E. Lyubykh ◽  
Черных ◽  
A. Chernykh ◽  
Закурдаев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inguinal Canal ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Anterior Wall ◽  
Surgical Anatomy ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Anatomical Dissection ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Inguinal Hernias ◽  
Internal Oblique

The purpose of this work is to study surgical anatomy in the patients with inguinal hernias of various kinds. Material. This work is performed on 41 corpses with inguinal hernias. Topographic and anatomical dissection of the inguinal canal with measurement of the linear parameters of anatomical structures, histological examination of specimens of the internal oblique abdominal muscles, the transverse fascia of the abdomen were carried out. Results. The authors have studied the structure of the posterior wall of the inguinal canal in the patients with oblique, direct, supravesical and inguinal-scrotal hernias. At persons with direct and supravesical inguinal hernias, a deformation is observed, mainly, in the medial inguinal fossa and supravesical fossa, showing great value inguinal gap, bland crescent aponeurosis, thinning of the transverse fascia of the abdomen. Increase of deep inguinal rings is observed in persons with oblique inguinal hernias. Dystrophy of abdominal muscles has always with inguinal hernias, and it is pronounced in the patients with inguinal-scrotal hernias. Conclusions. At surgical treatment of patients with direct inguinal hernias it is necessary to carry out correction of a posterior wall of the inguinal canal, in the patients with oblique inguinal hernias the anterior wall of the inguinal canal has to be surely restored. In the application of mesh materials in patients with large inguinal hernias, the results of treatment are doomed to fail, because the endoprosthesis only closes hernial wall that when failure of muscle function will clearly increase.

Changes in abdominal muscles architecture induced by different types of breathing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Iria Da Cuña-Carrera ◽  
Alejandra Alonso-Calvete ◽  
Yoana González-González ◽  
Mercedes Soto-González
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Rectus Abdominis ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Architectural Characteristics ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Internal Oblique

BACKGROUND: The underlying morphology and behavior of abdominal muscles during breathing are still lacking in knowledge in healthy population. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of three different types of breathing on the architectural characteristics of abdominal muscles. METHODS: Ninety-eight healthy subjects were measured to assess the effects of breathing on the abdominal muscles, subjects performed three different types of breathing and the muscular thickness was measured with ultrasound imaging, analyzing also the differences between sexes. RESULTS: During the three different types of breathing and in comparison with the resting state, an increase of the thickness has been reported in the transversus abdominis (p< 0.001; effect size = 2.44, very large) and internal oblique (p< 0.001; effect size = 1.04, moderate) in both sexes, but with a higher increase in men. External oblique and rectus abdominis increased their thickness through breathing only while the lips were with pursed (p< 0.05) with trivial effect sizes and only differences between sexes were found in rectus abdominis. CONCLUSIONS: All breathings activated the deepest abdominal muscles, but the most superficial were only activated with lips pursed. Moreover, men appeared to activate more the deepest abdominal muscles but also the rectus abdominis. Findings in this study support the use of different types of breathing depending on the muscle to be activated or the sex, helping health care professionals to address their interventions on the abdominal muscles with a more focused approach.

Comparison among low intensity bridge exercises using suspension devices based on muscle activity and subjective difficulty

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Sang-Yeol Lee ◽  
Se-Yeon Park
Keyword(s):  
Inclination Angle ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Oblique Muscle ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Internal Oblique Muscle ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Erector Spinae Muscle ◽  
Internal Oblique

BACKGROUND: Recent clinical studies have revealed the advantages of using suspension devices. Although the supine, lateral, and forward leaning bridge exercises are low-intensity exercises with suspension devices, there is a lack of studies directly comparing exercise progression by measuring muscular activity and subjective difficulty. OBJECTIVE: To identify how the variations in the bridge exercise affects trunk muscle activity, the present study investigated changes in neuromuscular activation during low-intensity bridge exercises. We furthermore explored whether the height of the suspension point affects muscle activation and subjective difficulty. METHODS: Nineteen asymptomatic male participants were included. Three bridge exercise positions, supine bridge (SB), lateral bridge (LB), forward leaning (FL), and two exercise angles (15 and 30 degrees) were administered, thereby comparing six bridge exercise conditions with suspension devices. Surface electromyography and subjective difficulty data were collected. RESULTS: The rectus abdominis activity was significantly higher with the LB and FL exercises compared with the SB exercise (p< 0.05). The erector spinae muscle activity was significantly higher with the SB and LB exercises, compared with the FL exercise (p< 0.05). The LB exercise significantly increased the internal oblique muscle activity, compared with other exercise variations (p< 0.05). The inclination angle of the exercise only affected the internal oblique muscle and subjective difficulty, which were significantly higher at 30 degrees compared with 15 degrees (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Relatively higher inclination angle was not effective in overall activation of the trunk muscles; however, different bridge-type exercises could selectively activate the trunk muscles. The LB and SB exercises could be good options for stimulating the internal oblique abdominis, and the erector spinae muscle, while the FL exercise could minimize the erector spinae activity and activate the abdominal muscles.

scholarly journals Impact of acute ascites on the action of the canine abdominal muscles

2008 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 1568-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri Leduc ◽  
André De Troyer
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Length ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Oblique Muscle ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Airway Opening ◽  
Internal Oblique ◽  
Resting Muscle

Although ascites causes abdominal expansion, its effects on abdominal muscle function are uncertain. In the present study, progressively increasing ascites was induced in supine anesthetized dogs, and the changes in abdominal (ΔPab) and airway opening (ΔPao) pressure obtained during stimulation of the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles were measured; the changes in internal oblique muscle length were also measured. As ascites increased from 0 to 100 ml/kg body wt, Pab and muscle length during relaxation increased. ΔPab also showed a threefold increase ( P < 0.001). However, ΔPao decreased ( P < 0.001). When ascites increased further to 200 ml/kg, resting muscle length continued to increase and muscle shortening during stimulation became very small so that active muscle length was 155% of the resting muscle length in the control condition. Concomitantly, ΔPab returned to the control value, and ΔPao continued to decrease. Similar results were obtained with the animals in the head-up posture, although the decrease in ΔPao appeared only when ascites was greater than 125 ml/kg. It is concluded that 1) ascites adversely affects the expiratory action of the abdominal muscles on the lung; 2) this effect results primarily from the increase in diaphragm elastance; and 3) when ascites is severe, the abdomen cross-sectional area is also increased and the abdominal muscles are excessively lengthened so that their active pressure-generating ability itself is reduced.

scholarly journals Effects of Cesarean Section and Vaginal Delivery on Abdominal Muscles and Fasciae

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenglei Fan ◽  
Diego Guidolin ◽  
Serena Ragazzo ◽  
Caterina Fede ◽  
Carmelo Pirri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Rectus Sheath ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Linea Alba ◽  
Pain Duration ◽  
External Oblique ◽  
Internal Oblique

Background and objectives: Possible disorders after delivery may interfere with the quality of life. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether abdominal muscles and fasciae differ in women depending on whether they experienced transverse cesarean section (CS) or vaginal delivery (VA) in comparison with healthy nulliparous (NU). Materials and methods: The thicknesses of abdominal muscles and fasciae were evaluated by ultrasound in 13 CS, 10 VA, and 13 NU women (we examined rectus abdominis (RA); external oblique (EO); internal oblique (IO); transversus abdominis (TrA); total abdominal muscles (TAM = EO + IO + TrA); inter-rectus distance (IRD); thickness of linea alba (TLA); rectus sheath (RS), which includes anterior fascia of RS and posterior fascia of RS (P-RS); loose connective tissue between sublayers of P-RS (LCT); abdominal perimuscular fasciae (APF), which includes anterior fascia of EO, fasciae between EO, IO, and TrA, and posterior fascia of TrA). Data on pain intensity, duration, and location were collected. Results: Compared with NU women, CS women had wider IRD (p = 0.004), thinner left RA (p = 0.020), thicker right RS (p = 0.035) and APF (left: p = 0.001; right: p = 0.001), and IO dissymmetry (p = 0.009). VA women had thinner RA (left: p = 0.008, right: p = 0.043) and left TAM (p = 0.024), mainly due to left IO (p = 0.027) and RA dissymmetry (p = 0.035). However, CS women had thicker LCT (left: p = 0.036, right: p < 0.001), APF (left: p = 0.014; right: p = 0.007), and right IO (p = 0.028) than VA women. There were significant correlations between pain duration and the affected fasciae/muscles in CS women. Conclusions: CS women showed significant alterations in both abdominal fasciae and muscle thicknesses, whereas VA women showed alterations mainly in muscles. Thinner RA and/or dissymmetric IO, wider IRD, and thicker LCT and APF after CS may cause muscle deficits and alteration of fascial gliding, which may induce scar, abdominal, low back, and/or pelvic pain.

Abdominal Muscles Dominate Contributions to Vertebral Joint Stiffness during the Push-up

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Howarth ◽  
Tyson A.C. Beach ◽  
Jack P. Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Rectus Abdominis ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Rotational Stiffness ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
External Oblique ◽  
Axial Twist ◽  
Internal Oblique ◽  
Push Up

The goal of this study was to quantify the relative contributions of each muscle group surrounding the spine to vertebral joint rotational stiffness (VJRS) during the push-up exercise. Upper-body kinematics, three-dimensional hand forces and lumbar spine postures, and 14 channels (bilaterally from rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, latissimus dorsi, thoracic erector spinae, lumbar erector spinae, and multifidus) of trunk electromyographic (EMG) activity were collected from 11 males and used as inputs to a biomechanical model that determined the individual contributions of 10 muscle groups surrounding the lumbar spine to VJRS at five lumbar vertebral joints (L1-L2 to L5-S1). On average, the abdominal muscles contributed 64.32 ± 8.50%, 86.55 ± 1.13%, and 83.84 ± 1.95% to VJRS about the flexion/extension, lateral bend, and axial twist axes, respectively. Rectus abdominis contributed 43.16 ± 3.44% to VJRS about the flexion/extension axis at each lumbar joint, and external oblique and internal oblique, respectively contributed 52.61 ± 7.73% and 62.13 ± 8.71% to VJRS about the lateral bend and axial twist axes, respectively, at all lumbar joints with the exception of L5-S1. Owing to changes in moment arm length, the external oblique and internal oblique, respectively contributed 55.89% and 50.01% to VJRS about the axial twist and lateral bend axes at L5-S1. Transversus abdominis, multifidus, and the spine extensors contributed minimally to VJRS during the push-up exercise. The push-up challenges the abdominal musculature to maintain VJRS. The orientation of the abdominal muscles suggests that each muscle primarily controls the rotational stiffness about a single axis.

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