scholarly journals Case of methemoglobinemia in an infant with cyanosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Aliya A. Biktimirova ◽  
Aelita A. Kamalova ◽  
Dina R. Sabirova ◽  
Almaziya R. Shakirova ◽  
Chulpan I. Gayanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Ferric Iron ◽  
Tissue Respiration ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Increase Blood Viscosity ◽  
High Degree

Methemoglobinemia refers to a group of hemoglobinopathies which characterized by an increase of the hemoglobin (Hb) amount, in which oxidation of ferrous iron to ferric iron is observed with the loss of the ability to reversibly bond with oxygen and the development of hemic hypoxia. Cyanosis is the most common symptom of methemoglobinemia and is the reason for the differential diagnosis of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Timely determination of the cause of cyanosis in a newborn can be a difficult task. By origin, cyanosis in children at birth and in the first weeks of life is cardiac, respiratory, cerebral, metabolic, and hematological. The prognostic value of cyanosis is different for different diseases. Pronounced and persistent cyanosis in diseases of the lungs and heart indicates a high degree of respiratory or heart failure and prognostic unfavorable. Most of the causes of acute cyanosis is an immediate threat to the life of the patient. Prolonged tissue hypoxia in patients with persistent cyanosis leads to the development of secondary erythrocytosis, an hematocrit increase, blood viscosity, which worsens the microcirculation in tissues, aggravating the deficit of tissue respiration. If cyanosis is detected in infants, differential diagnosis should include hemoglobinopathies, in particular, methemoglobinemia. A carefully collected medical history, the exclusion of all possible causes of cyanosis and hypoxemia, and the assessment of methemoglobin in the blood allow a timely diagnosis. The purpose of the article is to describe the clinical observation of methemoglobinemia in an infant with a detailed discussion of the characteristics of the case.

Feasibility of Molecular Structure Determination With a High Resolution Electron Microscope

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
T. A. Welton
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Helical Axis ◽  
Base Plane ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscope ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Degree Of Order ◽  
Purine Pyrimidine

An ultimate design goal for an improved electron microscope, aimed at biological applications, is the determination of the structure of complex bio-molecules. As a prototype of this class of problems, we propose to examine the possibility of reading DNA sequence by an imaginable instrument design. This problem ideally combines absolute importance and relative simplicity, in as much as the problem of enzyme structure seems to be a much more difficult one.The proposed technique involves the deposition on a thin graphite lamina of intact double helical DNA rods. If the structure can be maintained under vacuum conditions, we can then make use of the high degree of order to greatly reduce the work involved in discriminating between the four possible purine-pyrimidine arrangements in each base plane. The phosphorus atoms of the back bone form in projection (the helical axis being necessarily parallel to the substrate surface) two intertwined sinusoids. If these phosphorus atoms have been located up to a certain point on the molecule, we have available excellent information on the orientation of the base plane at that point, and can then locate in projection the key atoms for discrimination of the four alternatives.

Difficulties of differential diagnosis of primary hyperaldostronism and arterial hypertension by the example of a clinical observation

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-181
Author(s):  
Z. A. Afanasieva ◽  
◽  
D.P. Nikulina ◽  
T. L. Sharapov ◽  
N. I. Bariev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Clinical Observation

scholarly journals Influence of the Share of Renewable Energy Sources on the Level of Energy Security in EECCA Countries

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Trifonov ◽  
Dmitry Trukhan ◽  
Yury Koshlich ◽  
Valeriy Prasolov ◽  
Beata Ślusarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Structural Content ◽  
High Degree

In this study we aimed to determine the extent to which changes in the share of renewable energy sources, their structural complex, and the level of energy security in Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA) countries in the medium- and long-term are interconnected. The study was performed through modeling and determination of the structural characteristics of energy security in the countries. The methodology of the approach to modeling was based on solving the problem of nonlinear optimization by selecting a certain scenario. For the study, the data of EECCA countries were used. The ability of EECCA countries to benefit from long-term indirect and induced advantages of the transformation period depends on the extent to which their domestic supply chains facilitate the deployment of energy transformation and induced economic activity. This study provides an opportunity to assess the degree of influence of renewable energy sources on the level of energy security of countries in the context of energy resource diversification. The high degree of influence of renewable energy sources on energy security in the EECCA countries has been proven in the implementation of the developed scenarios for its increase. Energy security is growing. At the same time, its level depends not only on an increase in the share of renewable sources but also on the structure of energy resources complex of countries, and the development of various renewable energy sources. Therefore, today the EECCA countries are forced not only to increase the share of renewable energy sources but also to attach strategic importance to the structural content of their energy complex.

Resistance to Outflow of Cerebrospinal Fluid Determined by Bolus Injection Technique and Constant Rate Steady State Infusion in Humans

Neurosurgery ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kosteljanetz
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Bolus Injection ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Communicating Hydrocephalus ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Infusion Technique

Abstract Two methods for the determination of resistance to the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid, the bolus injection technique and the constant rate steady state infusion technique, were compared. Thirty-two patients with a variety of intracranial diseases (usually communicating hydrocephalus) were studied. There was a high degree of correlation between the resistance values obtained with the two methods, but values based on the bolus injection technique were systematically and statistically significantly lower than those obtained with the constant rate infusion test. From a practical point of view. both methods were found to be applicable in a clinical setting.

scholarly journals Determination of the frequency of carbapenemase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in Dhaka city, Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawshad Hayder ◽  
Zahidul Hasan ◽  
Sadia Afrin ◽  
Rashed Noor
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Global Health Problem

Resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae against carbapenem, imparted by the presence of carbapenemase, is an emerging global health problem with high morbidity and mortality. Thus, the present study attempted to detect the frequency of carbapenemase producing K. pneumoniae in Dhaka city of Bangladesh and thereby determine the health risk associated with their presence. A total of 647 K. pneumoniae isolates were detected from 2800 patients with urinary tract infection, bacterimia, wound infections and respiratory diseases. Thirty one carbapenem resistant isolates were found to harbor K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) through modified Hodge test. The KPC positive isolates were then subjected to the study of antibiogram and showed resistance against all the ß-lactam antibiotics along with carbapenems, while they were sensitive against colistin. Additionally, 287 isolates were found to be extended-spectrum ?-lactamases (ESBLs) positive apart from the KPC positive ones. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v2i1.15210 Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.2(1) 2012: 28-30

IMPORTANCE OF ANTIBODIES TO 21-HYDROXYLASE FOR THE DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS AND PROGNOSIS OF AUTOIMMUNE CHRONIC PRIMARY ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
L.S. Sozaeva ◽  
◽  
N.V. Makazan ◽  
L.V. Nikankina ◽  
N.M. Malysheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Enzymelinked Immunosorbent Assay

21-hydroxylase (21-OH) is the main antigen of the adrenal cortex, so the determination of antibodies (Ab) to 21-OH can help in the diagnosis and prognosis of chronic primary adrenal insufficiency (CPAI). Purpose of the study: evaluation of the relevance of Ab to 21-OH for the diagnosis and prediction of autoimmune CPAI. Materials and methods of research: the study consisted of three blocks: 1) assessment of the specificity and sensitivity, as well as the prognostic potential of Ab to 21-OH in patients with polyglandular autoimmune syndrome (APS) – individuals with APS type 1 with and without CPAI (n=106); 2) assessment of the dynamics of the level of Ab to 21-OH – patients with autoimmune CPAI were included (n=41); 3) assessment of the significance of Ab data for the differential diagnosis of various forms of CPAI, including patients with CPAI and APS type 1 exclusion (n=30). The study of Ab to 21-hydroxylase was performed using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (BioVendor kits, Czech Republic). Results: statistically significant differences were obtained in the frequency of detection of Ab to 21-OH in patients with or without PCNI (p<0,001). The sensitivity of the method was 96%, specificity was 75%, a positive predictive value was 90%, and the negative predictive value was 89%. In 83% of patients, the level of Ab decreased with time (median size decreases – 20,4%/year). An inverse relationship was also found between the level of Ab and the duration of the course of CPAI (R=–0,460, p<0,001). In a group of 30 patients with CPAI and with exclusion of APS type 1, 21 were found to have Ab to 21-OH, only one of them had a monogenic non-autoimmune cause of CPAI (a mutation in the MC2R gene). Monogenic forms of CPAI were found in another 7 patients (mutations were found in the DAX1 and ABCD1 genes), among them an increase in Ab to 21-OH was not detected. Conclusion: determination of Ab to 21-OH is a specific and sensitive method for the diagnosis of autoimmune CPAI. An increase in Ab to 21-OH is a risk marker of autoimmune CPAI development.

ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC FINDINGS IN BREATH HOLDING SPELLS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 595-599
Author(s):  
Niels L. Low ◽  
Erna L. Gibbs ◽  
Frederic A. Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Seizure Activity ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Convulsive Disorders

After reviewing the literature on breath holding spells, it seemed desirable to determine whether any electroencephalographic abnormality is revealed by recordings during sleep in such cases. One hundred twenty-nine children between the ages of 7 months and 11½ years with breath holding spells were examined electroencephalographically while awake and during sleep. Seventy-seven of these children were boys and 52 were girls. All these children but one had normal electroencephalograms. One tracing taken during a breath holding spell is reproduced which shows slow wave but no seizure activity. The clinical diagnosis is discussed and it is concluded that the electroencephalogram in combination with the history and clinical observation is of value in the differential diagnosis between breath holding spells and convulsive disorders.

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