scholarly journals Surgical management of neuromuscular scoliosis: approaches, pitfalls and outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-150
Author(s):  
Elsayed E. Negm ◽  
Vinay Saraph ◽  
Mohamed S. Said

Background. Scoliosis is a common problem among neuromuscular disorders with increased incidence of morbidity and mortality. The management of neuromuscular scoliosis (NMS) is complex and requires a cooperative multi-disciplinary team to provide meticulous perioperative care. Conservative treatment, such as bracing, can delay but not replace surgical correction. However, surgery has the risk of higher perioperative complication rates in this patient population. Aim. It is a retrospective study to evaluate clinical outcome, approaches, pitfalls in management of NMS patients undergoing surgical correction. Materials and methods. We retrospectively evaluated patients with NMS who underwent surgery for scoliosis from 2004 to 2018. Sixty-eight patients were included in the study after meticulous preoperative checkup. In most cases an single-pedicle screw construct was used, but in a few others a hybrid construct was used. A follow up was performed to make a clinical and radiological assessment and recorded all measurements and any complications. A telephone questionnaire was used for functional evaluation and patient/parent satisfaction with surgery. Only 52 patients could participate in the questionnaire. Results. The mean follow up period was 43.28 months, and the mean age at the time of surgery was 14.29 years. The mean preoperative Cobbs angle was 71.7, while that of final follow-up was 34.6. The mean Cobbs correction percentage was 53.25%. For correction of fixed pelvic obliquity 15, a sacropelvic extension was done in 60.29% of cases. Complications occurred in 39.71% of operated cases; chest related in 36.11% (of all complications), hardware-related 16.67%, visceral complications (as paralytic ileus) in 13.89%, decubitus ulcer and delayed wound healing in 13.89%, deep wound infection in 8.33%, CNS complications (as status epilepticus) in 8.33%, and death in 2.78% (one case). The results of the questionnaire indicated favorable functional outcomes and patient/family satisfaction with surgery. Conclusion. Despite the perioperative difficulties seen in patients with NMS, patients who had relatively higher postoperative morbidity and mortality, most patients/parents were satisfied with the results of the spinal deformity surgery. The patients/parents would recommend surgery to other patients with similar disorders.

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-253
Author(s):  
Gabriela Alcalde Pereira ◽  
Caroline de Carvalho Garcia ◽  
Marcia Almeida Lima ◽  
José Carlos Baldocchi Pontin ◽  
Andrea Dias Lamas Mafra

ABSTRACT Objectives: To identify the main hospital outcomes of patients undergoing surgical correction of neuromuscular scoliosis and to assess complication rates and achievement of mobility goals after the use of a managed protocol. Methods: This is a longitudinal, retrospective study, with data obtained six months after the application of a protocol in 103 patients of both sexes submitted to surgical correction of neuromuscular scoliosis, at a tertiary level hospital in São Paulo, between June and December 2018 (pre-protocol) and between May and September 2019 (post-protocol). Data from patients who had previously undergone other orthopedic spine surgeries were excluded. In addition to the data for epidemiological characterization of the underlying diseases, the clinical characteristics and complications were analyzed. Results: Of the 103 patients evaluated, there was a predominance of females (53.4%) and a mean age of 14.9 years. The most frequent diagnosis was cerebral palsy, the mean angle of curvature was 75°, and the most frequently observed comorbidities were lung diseases (25%). The protocol was partially adhered to by professionals and after its implementation, there was a significant decrease in pain and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), prevention of immobility and a low rate of infection. Conclusions: The use of a protocol focused on patients undergoing correction of neuromuscular scoliosis led to reduced complications of SIRS and reduced pain; kept the surgical site infection rate low, and prevented short-term immobility. Level of evidence III; Retrospective study.


2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011417S0003
Author(s):  
Claire Mueller ◽  
Stephanie Boden ◽  
Sameh Labib ◽  
Jason Bariteau

Category: Lesser Toes Introduction/Purpose: Hammertoe deformities are common lesser toe deformities and multiple methods exist for surgical treatment. The population continues to age and to date, no studies have looked specifically at outcomes in the geriatric cohort, who are often at greater risk of complications or functional compromise due to increased co-morbidities. This study examines differences in short-term outcomes of pain, improvement of SF-36 scores, and complication rates in younger compared to older patients who underwent surgical correction of hammertoe deformities. Methods: 47 patients undergoing surgical correction of hammertoe deformities were prospectively followed. All surgical procedures were performed by a single surgeon and the specific surgical technique was tailored to each patient’s deformity. All patients were treated with early mobilization and progressive weight-bearing as tolerated. Subjective assessment of function was obtained using pre-operative and post-operative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores with a minimum of six-month follow-up. 38 patients met inclusion criteria for length of follow-up (5 males, 33 females). Patients were divided into two groups based on age at the time of surgery (those younger than sixty years old, and those older than sixty years old). The improvements in mean (+/- SEM) VAS and SF-36 scores for patients younger than sixty years were compared to outcomes of patients older than sixty years of age, and results were assessed for statistical significance using a student’s t-test. Results: The mean age was 46.4 +/- 4.1 years in the younger patients and 68.0 +/- 1.2 years in the older cohort. The mean improvement in VAS score from pre-op to six months post-op was 2.8 +/- 0.8 and 2.8 +/- 0.6 (p = 0.95) in the younger and older cohorts, respectively (Table 1). The mean improvement in SF-36 Physical Component Score from pre-op to six months post-op was 8.6 +/- 6.7 and 6.7 +/- 4.4 (p= 0.81) in the younger and older cohorts, respectively. The mean improvement in SF-36 Mental Component Score was 1.5 +/- 3.7 and 1.4 +/- 4.2 (p=0.99) in the younger and older cohorts, respectively. One complication occurred in the younger cohort (0.11%) and no complications were reported in the older cohort. Conclusion: Outcomes of surgical correction of hammertoe deformities in older patients were similar to outcomes in younger patients at short-term follow-up. The study had sufficient power to detect differences in means as small as 5-8% depending on the specific outcome parameter. This study establishes a cohort of patients who will be followed to determine the effect of age on long-term outcomes of pain, SF-36 scores, and complication rates of surgical correction of hammertoe deformities. Future studies will also compare radiologic outcomes of hammertoe deformities preoperatively and postoperatively.


2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Angela Cerruto ◽  
Carolina D'Elia ◽  
Francesca Maria Cavicchioli ◽  
Stefano Cavalleri ◽  
Matteo Balzarro ◽  
...  

Background: Pelvic organ prolapse is a common condition, affecting about 50% of women with children. The aim of our study was to evaluate results and complication rates in a consecutive series of female patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic hysterosacropexy (RALHSP). Materials and Methods: We performed a medical record review of female patients with uterine prolapse who had consecutively undergone RALHSP from February 2010 to 2013 at our department. Results: Fifteen patients were included in the analysis. All patients had uterine prolapse stage ≥II and urodynamic stress urinary incontinence. The mean age was 58.26 years. According to the Clavien-Dindo system, 4 out of 15 patients (26.6%) had grade 1 early complications and 1 patient had a grade 2 complication. At a median follow-up of 36 months, there was a significant prolapse relapse rate of 20% (3/15). Conclusion: In our hands RALHSP is easy to perform, with satisfying mid-term outcomes and a low complication rate.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 232596712095914
Author(s):  
Justin C. Kennon ◽  
Erick M. Marigi ◽  
Chad E. Songy ◽  
Chris Bernard ◽  
Shawn W. O’Driscoll ◽  
...  

Background: The rate of elbow medial ulnar collateral ligament (MUCL) injury and surgery continues to rise steadily. While authors have failed to reach a consensus on the optimal graft or anchor configuration for MUCL reconstruction, the vast majority of the literature is focused on the young, elite athlete population utilizing autograft. These studies may not be as applicable for the “weekend warrior” type of patient or for young kids playing on high school leagues or recreationally without the intent or aspiration to participate at an elite level. Purpose: To investigate the clinical outcomes and complication rates of MUCL reconstruction utilizing only allograft sources in nonelite athletes. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Patient records were retrospectively analyzed for individuals who underwent allograft MUCL reconstruction at a single institution between 2000 and 2016. A total of 25 patients met inclusion criteria as laborers or nonelite (not collegiate or professional) athletes with a minimum of 2 years of postoperative follow-up. A review of the medical records for the included patients was performed to determine survivorship free of reoperation, complications, and clinical outcomes with use of the Summary Outcome Determination (SOD) and Timmerman-Andrews scores. Statistical analysis included a Wilcoxon rank-sum test to compare continuous variables between groups with an alpha level set at .05 for significance. Subgroup analysis included comparing outcome scores based on the allograft type used. Results: Twenty-five patients met all inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mean time to follow-up was 91 months (range, 25-195 months), and the mean age at the time of surgery was 25 years (range, 12-65 years). There were no revision operations for recurrent instability. The mean SOD score was 9 (range, 5-10) at the most recent follow-up, and the Timmerman-Andrews scores averaged 97 (range, 80-100). Three patients underwent subsequent surgical procedures for ulnar neuropathy (n = 2) and contracture (n = 1), and 1 patient underwent surgical intervention for combined ulnar neuropathy and contracture. Conclusion: Allograft MUCL reconstruction in nonelite athletes demonstrates comparable functional scores with many previously reported autograft outcomes in elite athletes. These results may be informative for elbow surgeons who wish to avoid autograft morbidity in common laborers and nonelite athletes with MUCL incompetency.


2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayur Brahmania ◽  
Eric Lam ◽  
Jennifer Telford ◽  
Robert Enns

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) has been proposed as a primary method of managing patients with dysplasia- or mucosal-based cancers of the esophagus.OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the use of EMR for the treatment of Barrett’s esophagus with dysplasia or early adenocarcinoma, assessing efficacy, complication rates and long-term outcomes.METHODS: All patients who underwent EMR at St Paul’s Hospital (Vancouver, British Columbia) were reviewed. Eligible patients were assessed with aggressive biopsy protocols. Detected cancers were staged with both endoscopic ultrasound imaging and computed tomography. Appropriate patients were offered EMR using a commercially available mucosectomy device. EMR was repeated at six- to eight-week intervals until complete. Patients with less than one year of follow-up or who were undergoing other ablative methods were excluded.RESULTS: Twenty-two patients (all men) with a mean (± SD) age of 67±10.6 years were identified. The mean duration of gastroesophageal reflux disease was 17 years (range four to 40 years) and all were receiving proton pump inhibitor therapy. The mean length of Barrett’s esophagus was 5.5±3.5 cm. One patient had no dysplasia (isolated nodule), three had low-grade dysplasia, 15 had high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and three had adenocarcinoma. A mean of 1.7±0.83 endoscopic sessions were performed, with a mean of 6±5.4 sections removed. Following EMR, three patients developed strictures; two of these patients had pre-existing strictures and the third required two dilations, which resolved his symptoms. There were no other complications. Three patients underwent esophagectomy. Two had adenocarcinoma or HGD in a pre-existing stricture. The third patient had an adenocarcinoma not amenable to EMR. One patient with a long segment of Barrett’s esophagus underwent radiofrequency ablation. At a median follow-up of two years (range one to three years), the remaining 18 patients (82%) had no evidence of HGD or cancer.CONCLUSION: Most patients with esophageal dysplasia can be managed with EMR. Individuals with pre-existing strictures require other endoscopic and/or surgical methods to manage their dysplasia or adenocarcinoma.


2011 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Whitmore ◽  
Christopher Urban ◽  
Ephraim Church ◽  
Michael Ruckenstein ◽  
Sherman C. Stein ◽  
...  

Object Widespread use of MR imaging has contributed to the more frequent diagnosis of vestibular schwannomas (VSs). These tumors represent 10% of primary adult intracranial neoplasms, and if they are symptomatic, they usually present with hearing loss and tinnitus. Currently, there are 3 treatment options for quality of life (QOL): wait and scan, microsurgery, and radiosurgery. In this paper, the authors' purpose is to determine which treatment modality yields the highest QOL at 5- and 10-year follow-up, considering the likelihood of recurrence and various complications. Methods The MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane online databases were searched for English-language articles published between 1990 and June 2008, containing key words relating to VS. Data were pooled to calculate the prevalence of treatment complications, tumor recurrence, and QOL with various complications. For parameters in which incidence varied with time of follow-up, the authors used meta-regression to determine the mean prevalence rates at a specified length of follow-up. A decision-analytical model was constructed to compare 5- and 10-year outcomes for a patient with a unilateral tumor and partially intact hearing. The 3 treatment options, wait and scan, microsurgery, and radiosurgery, were compared. Results After screening more than 2500 abstracts, the authors ultimately included 113 articles in this analysis. Recurrence, complication rates, and onset of complication varied with the treatment chosen. The relative QOL at the 5-year follow-up was 0.898 of normal for wait and scan, 0.953 for microsurgery, and 0.97 for radiosurgery. These differences are significant (p < 0.0052). Data were too scarce at the 10-year follow-up to calculate significant differences between the microsurgery and radiosurgery strategies. Conclusions At 5 years, patients treated with radiosurgery have an overall better QOL than those treated with either microsurgery or those investigated further with serial imaging. The authors found that the complications associated with wait-and-scan and microsurgery treatment strategies negatively impacted patient lives more than the complications from radiosurgery. One limitation of this study is that the 10-year follow-up data were too limited to analyze, and more studies are needed to determine if the authors' results are still consistent at 10 years.


2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-185
Author(s):  
JOÃO PAULO SILVA ARAÚJO ◽  
MARCOS ANDRÉ COSTA FERREIRA ◽  
ANDRÉ FLAVIO FREIRE PEREIRA ◽  
TULIO ALBUQUERQUE DE MOURA RANGEL ◽  
RODRIGO CASTRO DE MEDEIROS ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluation of the results of the use of VEPTR (Vertical Expandable Prosthetic Titanium Rib - Synthes Spine Co.(r), West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA) as an option in spinal instrumentation without fusion in younger children with scoliosis, considering the complications inherent to spinal fusion in this age group. Methods: Sixteen (16) patients with scoliosis, regardless of etiology, with a mean age of 5.2 (3-8) years, were followed up by Spine Surgery Group at Hospital Getúlio Vargas, Recite-PE, and were submitted to surgical correction of the deformity using VEPTR, from April/2009 to July/2014. The survey was conducted through medical register review, and photographic and radiographic records, with the measurement of pre- and postoperative curves by the Cobb method. Results: The mean values of Cobb angle in the preoperative period, in the immediate postoperative period and after the last distraction were, respectively, 84.1° (112°-60°), 55.4° (92°-16°) and 64.4° (100°-16°), with an average initial correction of 28.7° (34.1%) and final correction of 19.7° (23.4%). The mean follow-up was 23.1 (0-61) months with an average distraction of 3.1 (0-8). The complication rate in this study was 62.5%. Conclusion: The VEPTR presented considerable correction rates of scoliosis curves in patients whose age contraindicate the spinal fusion methods. It is necessary to improve the technique and the implant itself in order to reduce complication rates, which can be considered relatively high, in addition to the conduction of more studies with longer follow-up to determine the actual efficacy of the implant and the maintenance of long-term correction.


2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.M. Hassan ◽  
M.A. Awadalla

Purpose Coexisting pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG) and cataract represents a special challenge. Although phacotrabeculectomy is an effective procedure, it combines the risks of phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy. This study evaluates phacoviscocanalostomy to manage eyes with PEXG and cataract. Methods We conducted a prospective noncomparative study that included 30 consecutive eyes of 22 patients with uncontrolled PEXG and cataract. Phacoviscocanalostomy was performed in all. Success rate based on postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction and requirement for topical antiglaucoma medication was evaluated as the main outcome measure. Visual acuity and complication rates were secondary outcomes. Results The mean follow-up was 18.6 months ± 6.2 (SD) (range 12 to 36 months). There was statistically significant decrease in mean IOP from 25.3 ± 5.2 mmHg preoperatively to 13.5 ± 6.0 mmHg 1 day after surgery (pp< .05), 12.3 ± 3.1 mmHg at the final follow-up (pp< .05), and at all evaluations to the last postoperative visit. Only three eyes (10%) required a single antiglaucoma medication to achieve the target IOP A complete surgical success (IOP p< 21 mmHg without medication) was achieved in 90%, while a qualified success (IOP p< 21 mmHg with or without glaucoma medication) was achieved in 100% of cases. Complications included Descemet membrane microperforations (13.3%), macroperforation (3.3%), zonular dehiscence (6.6%), and transient postoperative IOP spike (3.3%). Conclusions Phacoviscocanalostomy achieved excellent IOP control and visual acuity improvement in pseudoexfoliation patients with coexisting cataract and glaucoma. Complication rate was low and did not affect the surgical outcome.


2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Fei Nie ◽  
Kai-Xuan Liu

Thoracic disc herniation is a relatively rare yet challenging-to-diagnose condition. Currently there is no universally accepted optimal surgical treatment for symptomatic thoracic disc herniation. Previously reported surgical approaches are often associated with high complication rates. Here we describe our minimally invasive technique of removing thoracic disc herniation, and report the primary results of a series of cases. Between January 2009 and March 2012, 13 patients with symptomatic thoracic disc herniation were treated with endoscopic thoracic foraminotomy and discectomy under local anesthesia. A bone shaver was used to undercut the facet and rib head for foraminotomy. Discectomy was achieved by using grasper, radiofrequency, and the Holmium-YAG laser. We analyzed the clinical outcomes of the patients using the visual analogue scale (VAS), MacNab classification, and Oswestry disability index (ODI). At the final follow up (mean: 17 months; range: 6–41 months), patient self-reported satisfactory rate was 76.9%. The mean VAS for mid back pain was improved from 9.1 to 4.2, and the mean ODI was improved from 61.0 to 43.8. One complication of postoperative spinal headache occurred during the surgery and the patient was successfully treated with epidural blood patch. No other complications were observed or reported during and after the surgery.


2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1382-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pierce Ebaugh ◽  
Benjamin Umbel ◽  
David Goss ◽  
Benjamin C. Taylor

Background: Ankle fractures in patients with complicated diabetes have significantly increased the rates of complications and poorer functional outcomes when treated nonoperatively, and there have been only modest reductions when treated operatively. We hypothesized that the minimally invasive, robust construct that tibiotalocalcaneal fixation with an intramedullary nail offers would result in high rates of limb salvage, acceptable rates of complications, and less loss of function, in this difficult patient population. Methods: This was an institutional review board–approved retrospective study of 27 patients with complicated diabetes who underwent tibiotalocalcaneal nailing of their ankle fracture as a primary treatment without formal joint preparation. Patients with complicated diabetes were defined as having neuropathy, nephropathy, and/or peripheral vascular disease. The mean clinical follow-up was 888 days. Patients were screened for associated risk factors. Data were collected on surgical complications. The outcomes measured included length of hospital stay, loss of ambulatory level, amputation, and time to death. The mean age was 66 years with an average body mass index of 38 and hemoglobin A1c of 7.4. Six fractures were open. Results: The limb salvage rate was 96%. The average hospital stay was 6 days, and the mean time to weightbearing was 6.7 weeks. The fracture union rate was 88%. The surgical complication rate was 18.5%, with no instances of malunions, symptomatic nonunions, or Charcot arthropathy. Eight patients died by final follow-up (mean, 1048 days). An ambulatory level was maintained in 81% of the patients. Conclusion: With high limb salvage rates, relatively early weightbearing, maintained ambulatory level, and acceptable complication rates, we believe our technique can be considered an appropriate approach to increase the overall survivability of threatened limbs and lives in this patient population. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.


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