scholarly journals Algorithm for torticollis diagnosis in children of younger age groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-490
Author(s):  
Yuriy E. Garkavenko ◽  
Alexander P. Pozdeev ◽  
Irina A. Kriukova
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Congenital Muscular Torticollis ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Keywords And Phrases ◽  
Abnormal Head ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Muscular Torticollis

BACKGROUND: Torticollis is a common term for abnormal head or neck positions. Torticollis can be due to a wide variety of pathological processes, from relatively benign to life-threatening. This syndrome is of particular relevance in pediatric practice and is often underestimated at the primary care level. AIM: To analyze the data of domestic and foreign literature on the etiopathogenesis and clinical features of various types of torticollis in children and develop algorithms for the differential diagnosis of torticollis in children of younger age groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search was conducted in the open information databases of eLIBRARY and Pubmed using the keywords and phrases: torticollis, congenital muscular torticollis, non-muscular torticollis, acquired torticollis, and neurogenic torticollis, without limiting the depth of retrospection. RESULTS: Based on the literature data generalization, the classification of torticollis and the key directions of its differential diagnosis are systematized in tabular form. The range of differential diagnosis of torticollis is quite wide and has its characteristics in newborns and children of the first years of life, contrary to older children. The most common is congenital muscular torticollis. Concurrently, non-muscular forms of torticollis in the aggregate are not uncommon, more often with a more serious etiology, and require careful examination. Based on the analyzed literature, differential algorithms for torticollis diagnosis in children of younger age groups have been compiled. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing the level of the knowledge of pediatric clinicians in the etiopathogenesis of torticollis syndrome will improve the efficiency of early diagnosis of dangerous diseases that lead to pathological head and neck positions in children.

scholarly journals Pervasive refusal syndrome

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Lask
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Resistance To Treatment ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Pervasive Refusal Syndrome ◽  
Life Threatening

Pervasive refusal syndrome is a severe, pervasive and life-threatening disorder. Most commonly seen in girls between the ages of 8 and 15, although also affecting boys and younger age groups, it is characterised by a profound and pervasive refusal to eat, drink, talk, walk and engage in any form of self-care. A determined resistance to treatment is a striking component of the condition. The causes are unclear, but likely to be complex, multiple and associated with a sense of hopelessness. Treatment needs to be comprehensive and is based on supporting the child in recovering at her own pace, while ensuring physical safety and well-being. The prognosis is good, provided treatment is appropriate, but recovery tends to take a year or more.

Audiovisual speech recalibration in children*

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
SABINE VAN LINDEN ◽  
JEAN VROOMEN
Keyword(s):  
Speech Sound ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Audiovisual Speech ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Exposure Phase ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Audiovisual Stimuli ◽  
Speech Identification ◽  
Two Age Groups

ABSTRACTIn order to examine whether children adjust their phonetic speech categories, children of two age groups, five-year-olds and eight-year-olds, were exposed to a video of a face saying /aba/ or /ada/ accompanied by an auditory ambiguous speech sound halfway between /b/ and /d/. The effect of exposure to these audiovisual stimuli was measured on subsequently delivered auditory-only speech identification trials. Results were compared to a control condition in which the audiovisual exposure stimuli contained non-ambiguous and congruent sounds /aba/ or /ada/. The older children learned to categorize the initially ambiguous speech sound in accord with the previously seen lip-read information (i.e. recalibration), but this was not the case for the younger age group. Moreover, all children displayed a tendency to report the stimulus that they were exposed to during the exposure phase. Methodological improvements for adjusting such a response bias are discussed.

Fifteen-minute consultation: Evaluation of paediatric torticollis

2021 ◽  
pp. edpract-2020-319668
Author(s):  
Kavinda Dayasiri ◽  
Sahana Rao
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Careful Evaluation ◽  
Presentation Duration ◽  
Congenital Muscular Torticollis ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Muscular Torticollis

Torticollis refers to a state in which the neck is twisted due to excessive contraction or shortening of the muscles on one side. Congenital muscular torticollis, which is more common than acquired torticollis, has an incidence of 0.3%–1.9% among all live births. The clinical approach to torticollis depends on the age at presentation, duration of torticollis and presenting symptoms. The underlying aetiology for torticollis varies with the age of the child. Torticollis can be a presenting feature for life-threatening conditions and thus requires careful evaluation.

Congenital Muscular Torticollis in Older Children

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1867-1869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Yucel Ekici ◽  
Ahmet Kizilay ◽  
Mustafa Akarcay ◽  
Yezdan Firat
Keyword(s):  
Older Children ◽  
Congenital Muscular Torticollis ◽  
Muscular Torticollis

scholarly journals Development of Asymmetric Vection for Radial Expansion or Contraction Motion: Comparison Between School-Age Children and Adults

i-Perception ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 204166951876119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobu Shirai ◽  
Shuich Endo ◽  
Shigehito Tanahashi ◽  
Takeharu Seno ◽  
Tomoko Imura
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Radial Expansion ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Contraction Flow ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Cumulative Duration ◽  
Self Motion ◽  
Trial Participants

Vection is illusory self-motion elicited by visual stimuli and is more easily induced by radial contraction than expansion flow in adults. The asymmetric feature of vection was reexamined with 18 younger (age: 6–8 years) and 19 older children (age: 9–11 years) and 20 adults. In each experimental trial, participants observed either radial expansion or contraction flow; the latency, cumulative duration, and saturation of vection were measured. The results indicated that the latency for contraction was significantly shorter than that for expansion in all age-groups. In addition, the latency and saturation were significantly shorter and greater, respectively, in the younger or older children compared with the adults, regardless of the flow pattern. These results indicate that the asymmetry in vection for expansion or contraction flow emerges by school age, and that school-age children experience significantly more rapid and stronger vection than adults.

How Reversible are ‘˜Reversible Dementias’?

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Ioannidis ◽  
Dimitris Karacostas ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Cognitive Symptoms ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Degenerative Dementia ◽  
Structural Brain

Reversible dementias comprise different groups of disorders of variable aetiologies, such as structural brain lesions or metabolic, infectious, toxic, autoimmune, paraneoplastic and psychiatric disorders. When patients present with cognitive symptoms, especially in the younger age groups, the first thought of the attending neurologist should be to try to identify an underlying treatable cause. The incidence of degenerative dementia rises with older age and its symptoms progressively become more evident and typical; in such cases, a differential diagnosis is limited and the chance of uncovering a treatable disorder is minimal. However, although uncommon, treatable dementias or dementia-like symptoms do exist. Future studies with better design and methodology, as well as longer observation periods and larger patient populations, are needed to clarify the controversial issues concerning the epidemiology and accurate diagnosis of, and treatment possibilities for, reversible dementias.

scholarly journals Congenital Osseous Torticollis that Mimics Congenital Muscular Torticollis: A Retrospective Observational Study

Children ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Da-Hye Ryoo ◽  
Dae-Hyun Jang ◽  
Da-Ye Kim ◽  
Jaewon Kim ◽  
Dong-Woo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Vertebral Anomaly ◽  
Congenital Muscular Torticollis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Abnormal Head ◽  
Vertebral Anomalies

It may be difficult to diagnose congenital osseous torticollis based on physical examinations or plain X-rays, especially when children have no other accompanying congenital defects. This study reports the children with torticollis caused by the vertebral anomaly with the symptom of abnormal head and neck posture only. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 1015 patients diagnosed with congenital torticollis in a single tertiary hospital (Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, Korea) who were referred from a primary local clinic. We included those with deficits in passive range of motion (PROM) of neck. Ultrasonography of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles, ophthalmologic and neurologic examinations, and cervical X-rays were performed for all patients. If bony malalignment was suspected from X-ray, three-dimensional volume-rendered computed tomography (3D-CT) was performed. Ten patients were diagnosed with osseous torticollis with no defect other than bony anomalies. Although X-ray images were acquired for all patients, vertebral anomalies were definitely confirmed in three cases (30.0%) only, and the others (70.0%) were confirmed by CT. The most common type of vertebral anomaly was single-level fusion. Identifying congenital vertebral anomalies is challenging especially when the degree of invasion is only one level. Although abnormal findings on X-rays may be subtle, a careful examination must be performed to avoid misdiagnosis.

The Frequency and Causes of Abnormal Head Position Based on an Ophthalmology Clinic's Findings: Is it Overlooked?

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadriye Erkan Turan ◽  
Hande Taylan Sekeroglu ◽  
Irem Koc ◽  
Meltem Kilic ◽  
Ali S. Sanac
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Palsy ◽  
Head Position ◽  
Orbital Fracture ◽  
Congenital Muscular Torticollis ◽  
Ocular Movements ◽  
Duane Syndrome ◽  
Abnormal Head ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Brown Syndrome ◽  
Muscular Torticollis

Purpose To determine the frequency of abnormal head position (AHP) and identify the underlying causes in patients who presented to an ophthalmology clinic due to any ophthalmologic complaint. Methods The medical records of patients who presented with any ophthalmologic symptoms during a 6-month period were prospectively evaluated. In all, 2,710 patients (1,492 female and 1,218 male) aged 6 months-91 years were included in the study. Each patient underwent complete ophthalmologic evaluation. Results Among the 2,710 patients, 30 (1.1%) (7 female and 23 male) with a mean age of 14.62 ± 17.45 years (range 6 months-60 years) had AHP. In total, 24 (80%) of the patients with AHP were aged ≤16 years. The initial complaint in the patients with AHP was ocular misalignment in 18 (60%) patients, AHP in 4 (13.3%), abnormal ocular movements in 4 (13.3%), double vision in 3 (10%), and droopy eyelid in 1 (3.3%). Comitant strabismus, nystagmus, and Duane syndrome were the most common causes of AHP. Other diagnoses included fourth nerve palsy, sixth nerve palsy, Brown syndrome, congenital muscular torticollis, ptosis, and blowout orbital fracture. Conclusions The leading underlying causes of AHP in patients who presented to an ophthalmology clinic were ocular and treatable. Of note, in only a minority of these patients AHP was the initial presenting complaint. Clinicians must be aware that observation of any head position that is not normal should prompt additional investigation, as the underlying pathology can cause treatable morbidity or in rare instances mortality, such as in cases of acute cranial nerve palsy.

scholarly journals Congenital Muscular Torticollis: A Descriptive Study of 16 Cases

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Bijoy Krishna Das ◽  
Abdul Matin ◽  
Ranjit Ranjan Roy ◽  
Md Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Rezaul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Older Children ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Congenital Muscular Torticollis ◽  
Medical College ◽  
One Year ◽  
Neonates And Infants ◽  
Muscular Torticollis ◽  
Postural Deformity

Background and study aim: Torticollis is the postural deformity of head and neck. Congenital Muscular Torticollis (CMT) is a postural deformity of head and neck detected at birth or shortly after birth, primarily resulting from unilateral shortening of Sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM). In neonates and infants, patient may be cured conservatively by physiotherapy but surgery is the treatment of choice for children and adolescents. There are various techniques of surgery. Division of both sternal and clavicular head of SCM is very easy method which was practiced in this study. Here we show our experience regarding conservative and surgical management of congenital muscular torticollis in neonates, infants and older children. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective case study among sixteen patients of congenital muscular torticollis. The cases were enrolled consecutively between Nov’ 2005 to Oct’ 2008 in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Gonosasthaya Somaj Vittik Medical College Hospital, ZH Sikder Women’s Medical College Hospital and different private clinics of Dhaka city of Bangladesh. Neonates and infants of were treated conservatively with physiotherapy by manual stretching and others (more than one year) were treated surgically by transection of both sternal and clavicular head of SCM under ganeral anesthesia. Operated patients were released on following post operative day with advice to start physiotherapy on same day. Acquired torticollis, ocular torticollis, neurogenic torticllis, osteogenic torticollis, congenital muscular torticollis with other diseases were excluded from the study. Parents were the informants. Purpose of the study was explained and verbal consent was taken. Written consent was taken before surgical intervention. Results: Patients age ranged from 5 days to 15 years of which eleven were female and five male. SCM was shortened in all cases (9 on right side and 7 on left side). Of 16 patients, 3 neonates, 8 infants and 5 were more than 1 year of age. There was no associated anomaly. Out of 11 neonates and infants 10 cured conservatively with physiotherapy and another one significantly improved. Six were treated surgically including one failed physiotherapy till the age of one year. Post operative period was uneventful and there was no complication. Results were evaluated clinically and on the comments of parents. Conclusion: Most of the patients of congenital muscular torticollis can be treated conservatively during infancy. Division of both sternal and clavicular head of SCM is easy and safe surgical technique for the treatment of CMT of older children and adolescents. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v34i3.10359 BJCH 2010; 34(3): 92-98

RTS,S/AS01, a vaccine targeting pre-erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-537
Author(s):  
Lorenz von Seidlein ◽  
Borimas Hanboonkunupakarn ◽  
Podjanee Jittmala ◽  
Sasithon Pukrittayakamee
Keyword(s):  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Pivotal Phase ◽  
Malaria Epidemiology ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Sub Saharan

RTS,S/AS01 is the most advanced vaccine to prevent malaria. It is safe and moderately effective. A large pivotal phase III trial in over 15 000 young children in sub-Saharan Africa completed in 2014 showed that the vaccine could protect around one-third of children (aged 5–17 months) and one-fourth of infants (aged 6–12 weeks) from uncomplicated falciparum malaria. The European Medicines Agency approved licensing and programmatic roll-out of the RTSS vaccine in malaria endemic countries in sub-Saharan Africa. WHO is planning further studies in a large Malaria Vaccine Implementation Programme, in more than 400 000 young African children. With the changing malaria epidemiology in Africa resulting in older children at risk, alternative modes of employment are under evaluation, for example the use of RTS,S/AS01 in older children as part of seasonal malaria prophylaxis. Another strategy is combining mass drug administrations with mass vaccine campaigns for all age groups in regional malaria elimination campaigns. A phase II trial is ongoing to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the RTSS in combination with antimalarial drugs in Thailand. Such novel approaches aim to extract the maximum benefit from the well-documented, short-lasting protective efficacy of RTS,S/AS01.

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