How Reversible are ‘˜Reversible Dementias’?

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Ioannidis ◽  
Dimitris Karacostas ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Cognitive Symptoms ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Degenerative Dementia ◽  
Structural Brain

Reversible dementias comprise different groups of disorders of variable aetiologies, such as structural brain lesions or metabolic, infectious, toxic, autoimmune, paraneoplastic and psychiatric disorders. When patients present with cognitive symptoms, especially in the younger age groups, the first thought of the attending neurologist should be to try to identify an underlying treatable cause. The incidence of degenerative dementia rises with older age and its symptoms progressively become more evident and typical; in such cases, a differential diagnosis is limited and the chance of uncovering a treatable disorder is minimal. However, although uncommon, treatable dementias or dementia-like symptoms do exist. Future studies with better design and methodology, as well as longer observation periods and larger patient populations, are needed to clarify the controversial issues concerning the epidemiology and accurate diagnosis of, and treatment possibilities for, reversible dementias.

scholarly journals Cataract among elderly in Sri Lanka

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Nilanga Nishad ◽  
S.A. Hewage ◽  
K. Arulmoly ◽  
M.S. Amaratunge ◽  
J de Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
National Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Younger Age

AbstractOut of 39 billion people who are blind around the world, 20 billion (51.3%) is due to cataract, which is preventable. This study intended to assess the prevalence and factors associated with cataract among elderly in a divisional secretariat area in Sri Lanka. This community based cross sectional study assessed randomly selected470 adults over 60 years of age. Diagnosis of cataract was made by a slit lamp examination by medical officers, and classified according to Oxford Lens Opacity Classification system (LOCS III). Majority was between 60-69 age groups and 71% was females. The prevalence of cataract was estimated to be 80.6% including operated eye and 73.6% excluding the operated eye, with a female preponderance in lower age categories. Commonest type of cataract was the nuclear type (n=422; 44.9%), with a majority in grade 2 (218; 23.2%). The prevalence of cataract surgery in the diseased population was as low as 7%. Cataract leading to blindness is very prevalent among adults over 60 years of age in the studied area. Females tend to develop the disease at an early age than males. These findings warrant screening programme for elderly at community level, targeting females at a younger age than males. Future studies are recommended to assess the coverage and barriers for cataract surgeries at national level, which would be immensely useful in planning and improving health services.

BRONCHOGRAPHY: OUTMODED PROCEDURE?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-334
Author(s):  
Mary Ellen Avery
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Technique ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
American Thoracic Society ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Chronic Pulmonary Disease ◽  
General Anesthetic ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Contrast Studies

Part of the "work-up" of chronic pulmonary disease has been, traditionally, a bronchogram. In 1955, Flake and Ferguson1 wrote "The use of contrast studies in the younger age groups . . .has steadily increased as improvement in medical and surgical technique for care and treatment has demanded more accurate diagnosis." Has it increased unnecessarily? Is the present utilization too great? The procedure usually requires hospitalization; in some centers a general anesthetic, in some a recent prior bronchoscopy, and in all a finite risk and degree of morbidity. It seems pertinent to ask first: When is bronchography indicated? The Committee on Therapy of the American Thoracic Society has recently offered instructive answers to this question.2

Factors Influencing Consonant Acquisition in Brazilian Portuguese–Speaking Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marizete Ilha Ceron ◽  
Marileda Barichello Gubiani ◽  
Camila Rosa de Oliveira ◽  
Márcia Keske-Soares
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Stop Consonants ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Error Patterns ◽  
Speech Error ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Consonant Sounds

Purpose We sought to provide valid and reliable data on the acquisition of consonant sounds in speakers of Brazilian Portuguese. Method The sample comprised 733 typically developing monolingual speakers of Brazilian Portuguese (ages 3;0–8;11 [years;months]). The presence of surface speech error patterns, the revised percentage consonants correct, and the age of sound acquisition were evaluated using phonological assessment software. The normative values for these variables were reported using means and standard deviations. Results Age had a significant impact on phoneme production. Increasing age was generally associated with an increase in correct phoneme production, a reduction in error patterns, and an increase in scores on revised percentage consonants correct. Phonological error patterns persisted for a longer time in consonants and consonant clusters acquired later in development. The 2 youngest age groups differed from the remainder of the sample on the frequency of the following phonological patterns: cluster reduction, liquid gliding, fricative deletion–coda, and weak-syllable deletion. Performance was similar between groups starting at 5;0 years old. Conclusion This study confirmed that nasal and stop consonants are acquired first, followed by fricatives and, finally, liquids. We suggest that future studies replicate our investigation in larger samples and younger age groups.

scholarly journals Algorithm for torticollis diagnosis in children of younger age groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-490
Author(s):  
Yuriy E. Garkavenko ◽  
Alexander P. Pozdeev ◽  
Irina A. Kriukova
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Congenital Muscular Torticollis ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Keywords And Phrases ◽  
Abnormal Head ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Muscular Torticollis

BACKGROUND: Torticollis is a common term for abnormal head or neck positions. Torticollis can be due to a wide variety of pathological processes, from relatively benign to life-threatening. This syndrome is of particular relevance in pediatric practice and is often underestimated at the primary care level. AIM: To analyze the data of domestic and foreign literature on the etiopathogenesis and clinical features of various types of torticollis in children and develop algorithms for the differential diagnosis of torticollis in children of younger age groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search was conducted in the open information databases of eLIBRARY and Pubmed using the keywords and phrases: torticollis, congenital muscular torticollis, non-muscular torticollis, acquired torticollis, and neurogenic torticollis, without limiting the depth of retrospection. RESULTS: Based on the literature data generalization, the classification of torticollis and the key directions of its differential diagnosis are systematized in tabular form. The range of differential diagnosis of torticollis is quite wide and has its characteristics in newborns and children of the first years of life, contrary to older children. The most common is congenital muscular torticollis. Concurrently, non-muscular forms of torticollis in the aggregate are not uncommon, more often with a more serious etiology, and require careful examination. Based on the analyzed literature, differential algorithms for torticollis diagnosis in children of younger age groups have been compiled. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing the level of the knowledge of pediatric clinicians in the etiopathogenesis of torticollis syndrome will improve the efficiency of early diagnosis of dangerous diseases that lead to pathological head and neck positions in children.

Inequalities and Impact of Socioeconomic-Cultural Factors in Suicide Rates Across Italy

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Pompili ◽  
Marco Innamorati ◽  
Monica Vichi ◽  
Maria Masocco ◽  
Nicola Vanacore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: Suicide is a major cause of premature death in Italy and occurs at different rates in the various regions. Aims: The aim of the present study was to provide a comprehensive overview of suicide in the Italian population aged 15 years and older for the years 1980–2006. Methods: Mortality data were extracted from the Italian Mortality Database. Results: Mortality rates for suicide in Italy reached a peak in 1985 and declined thereafter. The different patterns observed by age and sex indicated that the decrease in the suicide rate in Italy was initially the result of declining rates in those aged 45+ while, from 1997 on, the decrease was attributable principally to a reduction in suicide rates among the younger age groups. It was found that socioeconomic factors underlined major differences in the suicide rate across regions. Conclusions: The present study confirmed that suicide is a multifaceted phenomenon that may be determined by an array of factors. Suicide prevention should, therefore, be targeted to identifiable high-risk sociocultural groups in each country.

MONITORING RESULTS OF SAZAN (CYPRINUS CARPIO CARPIO LINNAEUS, 1758) POPULATION IN THE EASTERN PART OF THE TAGANROG BAY AND THE DON RIVER DELTA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Balykin ◽  
◽  
A.V. Startsev ◽  
G.E. Guskov ◽  
A.S. Grin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio Carpio ◽  
Don River ◽  
Taganrog Bay ◽  
Biological State

The materials for 2003-2018 on the biological state of sazan of the eastern part of the Taganrog Bay and the Don River delta were summarized. It has been shown that the catches of sazan in the study area consisted of more than half of the fish of younger age groups, the length of which was less than the commercial measure. The ratio of linear and weight growth of sazan is shifting towards a decrease in the mass of one-dimensional specimen, which is indirect evidence of the deterioration of the natural living conditions of semi-migratory fish. In 2019, the carp parasite fauna was represented by 7 species related to monogenes - 2 species, cestodes - 3 species, nematodes - 1 species, crustaceans - 1. The state of the sazan population needs further research.

scholarly journals Five reasons COVID-19 is less severe in younger age groups

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W Turke
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
System Function ◽  
The Third ◽  
Immune System Function ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Younger Age

Abstract The severity of COVID-19 is age-related, with the advantage going to younger age groups. Five reasons are presented. The first two are well-known, are being actively researched by the broader medical community, and therefore are discussed only briefly here. The third, fourth, and fifth reasons derive from evolutionary life history theory, and potentially fill gaps in current understanding of why and how young and old age groups respond differently to infection with SARS-CoV-2. Age of onset of generalized somatic aging, and the timing of its progression, are identified as important causes of these disparities, as are specific antagonistic pleiotropic tradeoffs in immune system function.

scholarly journals Religion: Interrelationships and Opinions in Children and Adolescents. Interaction between Age and Beliefs

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Rafael López Cordero ◽  
Francisca Ruiz Garzón ◽  
Lourdes Medina Martínez ◽  
María del Carmen Olmos-Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Religious Issue ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

The current trend of secularization seems to be leading to a gradual withdrawal of religion from public spaces. However, in an increasingly internationalized world, it is becoming more and more important to study the roles of religion and religiosity and their potential in relation to dialogue and social conflicts and tensions. Education is a vital field within which to address this religious issue and create an educational dialogue in order to promote coexistence. By following a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study, based on a quasi-experimental methodology with a social–analytical character, our aim is to assess the existing connections between religion, interrelation and opinion in Spanish children and adolescents. Special attention is paid to the interaction between age and beliefs. We carried out our study with the use of a questionnaire distributed to eleven secondary schools, with students aged between 11 and 16 years old, in three regions of southern Spain (Andalusia, Ceuta, and Melilla) characterized by high religious diversity and multiculturalism. The multivariate analysis carried out in this study identifies the effects of variance on the influence of age and religion, highlighting the interaction between the two. It is observed that the youngest students are those who express their opinions about religion the least, while those belonging to younger age groups and majority religions are those who express a greater religious coexistence, with Muslims externalizing their religious condition the most.

scholarly journals Japan’s voluntary lockdown: further evidence based on age-specific mobile location data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsutomu Watanabe ◽  
Tomoyoshi Yabu
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Intervention Effect ◽  
Information Effect ◽  
Mobile Location ◽  
Serious Illness ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Voluntary Response ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Age Profile

AbstractChanges in people’s behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic can be regarded as the result of two types of effects: the “intervention effect” (changes resulting from government orders for people to change their behavior) and the “information effect” (voluntary changes in people’s behavior based on information about the pandemic). Using age-specific mobile location data, we examine how the intervention and information effects differ across age groups. Our main findings are as follows. First, the age profile of the intervention effect shows that the degree to which people refrained from going out was smaller for older age groups, who are at a higher risk of serious illness and death, than for younger age groups. Second, the age profile of the information effect shows that the degree to which people stayed at home tended to increase with age for weekends and holidays. Thus, while Acemoglu et al. (2020) proposed targeted lockdowns requiring stricter lockdown policies for the oldest group in order to protect those at a high risk of serious illness and death, our findings suggest that Japan’s government intervention had a very different effect in that it primarily reduced outings by the young, and what led to the quarantining of older groups at higher risk instead was people’s voluntary response to information about the pandemic. Third, the information effect has been on a downward trend since the summer of 2020. It is relatively more pronounced among the young, so that the age profile of the information effect remains upward sloping.

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