scholarly journals Progress in using the drugs based on hydrobionts in treatment of respiratory viral infections and their complications

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiya E Katelnikova ◽  
Valerii G Makarov ◽  
Victoria V Vorobieva ◽  
Olga N Pozharitskaya ◽  
Alexander N Shikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Action

The data of possibilities to use biologically active compounds, peptides and polysaccharides in particular, from sea urchins as potent sources of drugs are represented in the article. Their ability to act on the main chains of pathogenesis of the respiratory viral infections has been shown. So peptides and polysaccharides possess anti-inflammatory action due to inhibition of cyclooxygenase and inhibition of MAP kinase p38 phosphorylation, as well as antioxidant, immune correcting, antiviral and antibacterial effects. The progress in searching new drugs based on glycopeptides from sea urchins for treatment of respiratory tract infections and their complications are discussed.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY VIRAL INFECTIONS: CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL REGULARITIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Sergej L. Kolpakov ◽  
A. F. Popov ◽  
A. I. Simakova
Keyword(s):  
High Probability ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

Data on identification and verification of the etiologically diagnosis of a acute respiratory viral infections are presented in article at sharp upper respiratory tract infections of the multiple and not specified localization and at local diseases of respiratory organs in Vladivostok. The highest average value of detectability from 2011 for 2017 was at a rinoviral infection - 22,8 cases %ооо. The detectability of flu A (H3N2) was 19,6%ooo; flu A (H1N1) - 15,1%ooo; flu B - 9,8%ooo. Detection of the acute respiratory viral infections verified on an etiology had natural seasonality. The incidence of flu, caused by representatives of the Orthomyxoviridae family, was formed in the winter and in the spring. During the summer-autumnal period rise in incidence of Paramyxoviridae family viruses was formed (paraflu, RS-viral infection, a metapneumoviral infection). The Coronaviral infection had winter seasonality. The Rinoviral infection, adenoviral and bakaviral infections were characterized by summer-autumnal seasonality. According to the nature of seasonality and structure of the verified cases on months of year the probability of confirmation of the diagnosis of a rinoviral infection from May to October was from 56,8+5,1% to 62,1+7,5%. Similar situation develops with paraflu. From May to November the specific weight of the verified paraflu was from 11,6+4,9% to 19,5+4,9% of all confirmed SARS cases. For flu A (H1N1) the probability of confirmation of the diagnosis from December to March is from 15,4+3,9% to 54,8+5,3%. And at flu A (H3N2) in data of month - from 5,2+2,4% to 47,6+4,0%. At flu B high probability of confirmation of the diagnosis in spring months, in March and April, 30,0+3,6% and 26,4+5,2%.

scholarly journals Nasal Microflora in Patients with Flu and Acute Upper Respiratory Viral Infections, Which was Isolated in Ternopil Clinics in 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Diverse Community ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

During annual influenza epidemics the incidence is about 10% of the population, and during pandemics that number increases by 4-6 times. In fact all influenza epidemies accompanied increase mortality. Worldwide annual deaths from influenza and acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) is over 4,5 million people (for comparison, the death rate from tuberculosis – 3,1 million people, malaria – 2,2 million people hepatitis – 1,1 million. people). In Ukraine in 2014 about 6 million citizens with symptoms of influenza and URTI appealed for medical help [1]. Pulmonary complications of influenza are most common include secondary bacterial infection [2].The human upper respiratory tract is the reservoir of a diverse community of commensals and potential pathogens, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Staphylococcus aureus, which occasionally turn into pathogens causing infectious diseases [3-5]. Bacterial complications such as otitis media and acute sinusitis and others are possible [6].

scholarly journals Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Viruses Causing Acute Respiratory Tract Infections

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen L. Charlton ◽  
Esther Babady ◽  
Christine C. Ginocchio ◽  
Todd F. Hatchette ◽  
Robert C. Jerris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Clinical Microbiology ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Specimen Collection ◽  
Practical Guidance ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

SUMMARYRespiratory viral infections are associated with a wide range of acute syndromes and infectious disease processes in children and adults worldwide. Many viruses are implicated in these infections, and these viruses are spread largely via respiratory means between humans but also occasionally from animals to humans. This article is an American Society for Microbiology (ASM)-sponsored Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology (PGCM) document identifying best practices for diagnosis and characterization of viruses that cause acute respiratory infections and replaces the most recent prior version of the ASM-sponsored Cumitech 21 document,Laboratory Diagnosis of Viral Respiratory Disease, published in 1986. The scope of the original document was quite broad, with an emphasis on clinical diagnosis of a wide variety of infectious agents and laboratory focus on antigen detection and viral culture. The new PGCM document is designed to be used by laboratorians in a wide variety of diagnostic and public health microbiology/virology laboratory settings worldwide. The article provides guidance to a rapidly changing field of diagnostics and outlines the epidemiology and clinical impact of acute respiratory viral infections, including preferred methods of specimen collection and current methods for diagnosis and characterization of viral pathogens causing acute respiratory tract infections. Compared to the case in 1986, molecular techniques are now the preferred diagnostic approaches for the detection of acute respiratory viruses, and they allow for automation, high-throughput workflows, and near-patient testing. These changes require quality assurance programs to prevent laboratory contamination as well as strong preanalytical screening approaches to utilize laboratory resources appropriately. Appropriate guidance from laboratorians to stakeholders will allow for appropriate specimen collection, as well as correct test ordering that will quickly identify highly transmissible emerging pathogens.

scholarly journals Respiratory viral infections in the elderly

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 175346662199505
Author(s):  
Alastair Watson ◽  
Tom M. A. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Prolonged Hospital

With the global over 60-year-old population predicted to more than double over the next 35 years, caring for this aging population has become a major global healthcare challenge. In 2016 there were over 1 million deaths in >70 year olds due to lower respiratory tract infections; 13–31% of these have been reported to be caused by viruses. Since then, there has been a global COVID-19 pandemic, which has caused over 2.3 million deaths so far; increased age has been shown to be the biggest risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Thus, the burden of respiratory viral infections in the elderly is becoming an increasing unmet clinical need. Particular challenges are faced due to the interplay of a variety of factors including complex multimorbidities, decreased physiological reserve and an aging immune system. Moreover, their atypical presentation of symptoms may lead to delayed necessary care, prescription of additional drugs and prolonged hospital stay. This leads to morbidity and mortality and further nosocomial spread. Clinicians currently have limited access to sensitive detection methods. Furthermore, a lack of effective antiviral treatments means there is little incentive to diagnose and record specific non-COVID-19 viral infections. To meet this unmet clinical need, it is first essential to fully understand the burden of respiratory viruses in the elderly. Doing this through prospective screening research studies for all respiratory viruses will help guide preventative policies and clinical trials for emerging therapeutics. The implementation of multiplex point-of-care diagnostics as a mainstay in all healthcare settings will be essential to understand the burden of respiratory viruses, diagnose patients and monitor outbreaks. The further development of novel targeted vaccinations as well as anti-viral therapeutics and new ways to augment the aging immune system is now also essential. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.

scholarly journals Clinical-epidemiological peculiarities of acute respiratory infections in children from 3 to 12 years and evaluation of effectiveness of antivirus therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
S. A. Khmilevskaya ◽  
N. I. Zryachkin ◽  
V. E. Mikhailova
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Viral Infection ◽  
Tract Infections

The aim: to study the etiological structure of acute respiratory infections in children aged 3 to 12 hospitalized in the early stages of the disease in the department of respiratory infections of the children’s hospital, and to reveal the features of their clinical course and the timing of DNA / RNA elimination of respiratory viruses from nasal secretions, depending on the method of therapy. Materials and methods: 100 children with acute respiratory infections aged 3 to 12 years were monitored. The nasal secrets on the DNA / RNA of respiratory viruses were studied by PCR. Depending on the method of therapy, patients were divided into 2 groups: patients of group 1 (comparison) received basic treatment (without the use of antiviral drugs), in patients of the 2nd group (main), along with basal therapy, the drug was used umifenovir in a 5-day course at the ageappropriate dosage. Results: In the etiologic structure of ARVI in children from 3 to 12 years, the leading place was taken by rhinovirus, influenza and metapneumovirus infections (isolated – 18%, 19% and 20% respectively, in the form of a mixed infection – 11%). The main syndromic diagnosis at the height of the disease was rhinopharyngitis. Complications were observed in 42% of cases, as often as possible with flu – 53% of cases. Features of metapneumovirus infection in children of this age group were: predominance of non-severe forms of the disease in the form of acute fever with symptoms of rhinopharyngitis, as well as a small incidence of lower respiratory tract infections. The use of the drug umiphenovir in children with acute respiratory viral infections of various etiologies contributed to significantly faster elimination of viral DNA / RNA from the nasal secretion, which was accompanied by a ecrease in the duration of the main clinical and hematological symptoms of the disease, a decrease in the incidence of complications, and reduced the duration of stay in hospital. Conclusion: application of modern molecular genetic methods of diagnostics made it possible to identify the leading role of influenza, metapneumovirus and rhinovirus infections in the etiology of acute respiratory viral infection in patients aged 3 to 12 years, and to determine a number of clinical features characteristic of this age group. The results of the study testify to the effectiveness of umiphenovir in the treatment of children with acute respiratory viral infections of various etiologies and allow us to recommend this drug as an effective and safe etiotropic agent.

scholarly journals Hospital-Acquired Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in the Neonatal Unit: A Comparison with Other Inpatient Groups

Neonatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-516
Author(s):  
Chiara Taylor ◽  
Shin Tan ◽  
Rebecca McClaughry ◽  
Don Sharkey
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Hospital Inpatient ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Viral Respiratory

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Hospital-acquired viral respiratory tract infections (VRTIs) cause significant morbidity and mortality in neonatal patients. This includes escalation of respiratory support, increased length of hospital stay, and need for home oxygen, as well as higher healthcare costs. To date, no studies have compared population rates of VRTIs across age groups. <b><i>Aim:</i></b> Quantify the rates of hospital-acquired VRTIs in our neonatal population compared with other inpatient age groups in Nottinghamshire, UK. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We compared all hospital inpatient PCR-positive viral respiratory samples between 2007 and 2013 and calculated age-stratified rates based on population estimates. <b><i>Results:</i></b> From a population of 4,707,217, we identified a previously unrecognised burden of VRTI in neonatal patients, only second to the 0–1-year-old group. Although only accounting for 1.3% of the population, half of the infections were in infants &#x3c;1 year old and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients. Human rhinovirus was the most dominant virus across the inpatient group, particularly in neonatal patients. Despite a two- to three-fold increase in the rate of positive samples in all groups during the colder months (1.1/1,000 October–March vs. 0.4/1,000 April–September), rates in the NICU did not change throughout the year at 4.3/1,000. Pandemic H1N1 influenza rates were 20 times higher in neonatal patients and infants &#x3c;1 year old. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Good epidemiological and interventional data are needed to help inform visiting and infection control policies to reduce transmission of hospital-acquired viral infections to this vulnerable population, particularly during pandemic seasons.

scholarly journals 2060. Evaluation of a Pharmacist’s Impact on Antimicrobial Prescribing in an Urgent Care Center

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S694-S694
Author(s):  
Amy Fabian ◽  
Sara Linnertz ◽  
Lisa Avery
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Urgent Care ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Composite Outcome ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Urgent Care Center ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background The urgent care center (UC) setting is an opportunity for pharmacists to promote antimicrobial stewardship (AS). The primary objective is to determine compliance with antibiotic prescribing recommendations for the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs), skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs), upper respiratory tract infections (URIs), and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) before, during, and after the presence of an AS pharmacist in an UC. Methods Single-center, retrospective, observational, pre (December 10, 2018–January 6, 2019), intervention (January 7–February 3, 2019), and post-intervention (February 4–March 3, 2019) study. All non-pregnant, adult patients with a chief complaint consistent with UTI, SSTI, URI, or LRTI were included. Patients transferred to another facility, presented for a follow-up visit, with multiple sites of infection, or treated for a bite, wound, or surgical site infection were excluded. Noncompliance (NC) was a composite endpoint of non-guideline adherent antibiotic prescribing for viral infections, inappropriate empiric selection, duration, and/or dosage. Secondary outcomes include composite outcome components and subgroup analysis of disease states. Results A total of 1,930 patients were screened with 439,440, and 430 patients included in the pre, intervention, and post-intervention group. Demographics were similar between groups, except for age (P = 0.001) and influenza diagnoses (P < 0.001). NC decreased from 43.3% to 31.1% (P = 0.0002) pre-intervention to intervention and from 31.1% to 26.5% (P = 0.14) post-intervention. Pre-intervention to intervention resulted in a change in composite outcome components of non-compliant prescribing (18.9% to 13%, P = 0.02), empiric selection (8.7% to 5.9%, P = 0.12), duration (4.1% to 5.9%, P = 0.28), dosage (3.4% to 0.5%, P = 0.001), and multiple components for NC (8.2% to 6.4%, P = 0.3). Reductions in NC were seen for UTI (83.3% to 69.2%, P = 0.26), SSTI (45.7% to 42.9%, P = 1.0), URI (23.5% to 23.2%, P = 1.0), and LRTI (82.1% to 51.6%, P = 0.0004). Conclusion An AS pharmacist’s presence in a UC significantly reduced NC to antibiotic prescribing recommendations. The largest impact was in reducing antibiotic treatment of viral infections and optimizing antibiotic dosing. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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