scholarly journals Symbolic of metal caldrons in the nomad culture

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-117
Author(s):  
Gulnara Sainovna Jumabekova ◽  
Galiya Appazovna Bazarbayeva

The paper briefly traces the symbolic role of the metal caldrons from the Early Iron Age. This category of items can be considered as attributes of the elite and aristocracy. Experts identified the connection of the caldron (kazan) with the funeral rite in the Middle Ages, traced its role as a marker of high social rank people. This dependence is also traced on the example of population change as a whole. These include the Jetysu district (South-Eastern Kazakhstan), the Southern Urals in the era of the early nomads, and the interfluve of the Dnieper and Volga in the late Middle Ages. Burials of men with a cauldron and other attributes of power in the era of the early and medieval nomads, probably indicates the fulfillment of their economic and military duties. The example of the functional purpose of boilers states the succession of the nomadic culture in the use of the power attributes. The value of the metal boiler along with some elements of the object complex (hryvnia, etc.), laid down even in the period of nomad culture development as a symbol of representatives of high rank people, preserved for thousands of years.

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Sergeevna Batueva ◽  
Dmitry Vladimirovich Shmuratko

The results of the technical and technological analysis of ceramics found on the monuments of the Perm Cis-Ural of the era of the Great Migration are presented in the paper. The analysis was carried out in the framework of the historical and cultural approach by AA. Bobrinsky. Five clusters were formed according to the results of multidimensional classification (cluster analysis by the method of k-means) of 67 vessels. Each cluster can be interpreted as an independent pottery tradition. The first tradition is represented by vessels made of without sand clay, taken in a wet state with the addition of a crushed clamshell to the molding mass. This tradition is most widely represented (58,2% of the vessels of the aggregate sample) and can be associated with the local Glydeen tribes of the early Iron Age. Vessels with organic impurities (manure, organic solution) in the molding mass constitute the second tradition - 16,4% of the vessels of the aggregate sample. The tradition has origins in the Sarmatian world of the Southern Urals and can belong to the tribes who migrated to the region. The third tradition can be traced on vessels made of without sand clay, taken in a wet state with the addition of crushed clamshell and organic solution to the molding mass - 19,4% of the total sample vessels. Tradition illustrates the process of mixing local and foreign populations. The fourth tradition includes a single vessel made of clay with a natural admixture of talc. We can find the origins of the tradition on the eastern slope of the Urals. The fifth tradition is represented by a single vessel made of clay in crushed condition. The fourth and fifth traditions are few; together they make up about 3% of the vessels of the cumulative sample. The obtained results allow us to speak about the motley cultural palette of Perm Cis-Ural in the era of the Great Migration. The results of the analysis do not agree with the opinion that all ceramics of the early Middle Ages in the Kama Region belong to the one same type and are left by one ethnic group.


2017 ◽  
Vol 212 (12) ◽  
pp. 48-50
Author(s):  
Ju.P. Gorichev ◽  
◽  
A.N. Davydychev ◽  
A.Yu. Kulagin ◽  
◽  
...  

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRETT BOWLES

Taking an anthropological approach, this article interprets Pagnol's critically acknowledged classic as a reinvention of a carnivalesque ritual practised in France from the late middle ages through the late 1930s, when ethnographers observed its last vestiges. By linking La Femme du boulanger (The baker's wife, 1938) to contemporaneous debates over gender, national decadence, and the definition of French cultural identity, I argue that the film recycles the charivari's long-standing function as a tool of popular protest against social and political practices regarded as detrimental to the welfare of the nation. In the context of the Popular Front, Pagnol's charivari ridiculed divisive partisan politics pitting Left against Right, symbolically purged class conflict from the social body, and created a new form of folklore that served as a focal point for the communitarian ritual of movie-going among the urban working and middle classes. In so doing, the film promoted the ongoing shift in public support away from the Popular Front in favour of a conservative ‘National Union’ government under Prime Minister Edouard Daladier, who in 1938–9 assumed the role of France's newest political patriarch.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 284-302
Author(s):  
Iryna Yu Konovalova

The article is devoted to comprehension of specifics and formation prerequisites of composer’s and musical authorship phenomena historical formation in European culture of the Middle Ages. Genesis of composer’s phenomenon and individual musical authorship model is considered on the basis of historical, socio-cultural and aesthetic-artistic transformations, on awareness about their dynamic’s tendencies and general cultural institutionalization of an authorship phenomenon, as well as on an increasing role of individual creativity in an artistic realm. It is stated that multi-ethnic and anonymous culture of oral tradition, folklore and Christian singing practices, as well as instrumental improvisation’s traditions, became spiritual sources of this phenomena and turn into a strong foundation of musical professionalism and creative impulse for European authorial music evolution. It is emphasized that process of composer’s formation as a creativity subject and musical professionalism carrier was stimulated by the necessity of everyday vocal-choral practice, conditioned by the spiritual context of time, by intention on theocentric world’s picture and religious – Christian outlook dominance. Significant role of secular direction development in the context of music-author’s discourse formation and composer’s figure assertion in the late Middle Ages is highlighted. 


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
Timofey Nikolaevich SURIN ◽  

The relevance of the problem. The Early Permian magmatism of the Southern Urals is poorly studied with the help of modern methods. The granitoid massifs of this age locally developed in the East Magnitogorsk zone contain important information about the geodynamic conditions of their formation. Clarification of this issue makes an important contribution to the understanding of the geodynamic development of the Urals. The nature of granitoids is still debatable. The connection with the massifs combined in the Balkan complex of gold-tungsten mineralization indicates the need for a comprehensive study. The purpose of the study is to determine the petrological and geochemical features of the rocks of the Balkan complex, to identify the mechanism of their petrogenesis and to establish the geodynamic conditions of their formation. Results. The petrological and geochemical study of the formations of the Balkan complex was carried out and their place in the typical taxonomy of granitoids was determined. Their belonging to the I-type is shown. Mineralogical and petrogeochemical methods were first studied for shonkinite xenoliths in granitoids. The mechanism of petrogenesis of rocks is proposed and the geodynamic setting of their formation is determined. It is shown that the monzonitemonzodiorite-quartz syenite-granosyenite-leucogranite series of rocks was formed as a result of crystallization differentiation of a single parental melting, and it was also concluded that the massifs of the complex are formed under conditions of early collision conditions with the important role of the subduction process. The mechanism of formation of the massifs of the complex is largely similar to mechanism for granitoids in other conflict areas, although it has its own specifics. Conclusions. 1). The Early Permian granitoids of the Balkan complex relates to type I. 2). All rocks of the complex, from monzonites to quartz syenites and leucogranites, including xenolith shonkinites, form a petrogenetic series formed as a result of crystallization differentiation of a single parent alkaline-gabbroic melting with increased water pressure. 3). The Balkan complex was formed in an early collisional setting under the action of deep subduction. 4). Transpression in the upper part of the crust induced formation of the massifs of the complex. 5). The Balkan complex is a kind of indicator of the growth of the newly formed crust as a result of collision and accretion processes.


Archaeofauna ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 155-165
Author(s):  
EUFRASIA ROSELLÓ-IZQUIERDO ◽  
EDUARDO GONZÁLEZ-GÓMEZ DE AGÜERO ◽  
CARLOS FERNÁNDEZ-RODRÍGUEZ ◽  
LAURA LLORENTE-RODRÍGUEZ ◽  
ARTURO MORALES-MUÑIZ

The origin and development of the Iberian Medieval fisheries is a poorly documented phenomenon both from the standpoint of historical (documentary) and material (archaeological) evidence. Such dearth of knowledge can be explained in terms of proximal (i.e., a deficient retrieval of fish remains) and ultimate causes. Among the latter, the Muslim invasion, that lasted ca. 800 years of the “medieval millennium” in the Iberian Peninsula, needs to be taken into account as it probably delayed the development of fishing fleets within the Christian kingdoms for a substantial period of time. Be it as it may, the lack of knowledge does not allow one to explore a range of critical issues of Spanish and Portuguese history, such as the role played by the ever-expanding fishing fleets of Portugal and Castilla in the process of maritime discovery and colonization that these two kingdoms fostered by the end of the Middle Ages. In this paper, the results from a comparative analysis of selected fish assemblages from primary (i.e. coastal) deposits of the northern Iberian shores are presented. The aim is to check whether changes can be documented both at the level of (1) the range of species occurring in sites from the late Iron Age (Castreña culture, IV-I BC) to the Late Middle Ages (XV AD), and (2) the skeletal spectra of certain species that could reveal a differential processing of taxa meant for local consumption and those that appear in inland sites.


Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 101-119
Author(s):  
Г.Н . Вольная (Керцева)

Материальная культура позднего средневековья Дигорского ущелья Северной Осетии недостаточно хорошо изучена по сравнению с другими периодами. В статье впервые представлен комплекс археологических памятников, расположенных на Поляне Мацута Дигорского ущелья: памятники, их расположение, история изучения. Цель исследования – рассмотреть Поляну Мацута как погребальный и культовый комплекс, где находятся позднесредневековые полуподземные склепы, каменные ящики, менгиры, цырты, «нартовский» ныхас, поселения кобанского и аланского периодов. Это памятники являются почитаемыми у местного населения, упоминаются в нартовском эпосе. В статье использовались полевые методы исследования, метод анализа и аналогий. В статье представлен авторский материал спасательных раскопок 2020 г. «Грунтового могильника Мацута I, средневековье» XVI-XVIII вв. в зоне реализации проекта «Строительство фельдшерско-акушерского пункта в с. Мацута». Могильник представляет собой погребения в каменных ящиках. Всего было раскопано 75 ящиков, в которых покойные лежали вытянуто на спине головой на запад с широтными отклонениями. Некоторые ранние погребения сопровождаются обрядом кремации. Погребальный обряд находит аналогии в горной Балкарии. Для погребального обряда характерно отсутствие керамической посуды в погребениях. Над ранними погребениями могильника была устроена тризна с кремацией и большим количеством фрагментированной керамики, скорее всего местного производства. Погребальный инвентарь достаточно беден и характерен для горнокавказской культуры позднего средневековья. Во взрослых погребениях найдены одежда, обувь, пояса, головные уборы, пояса; в женских – украшения; в мужских – ножи, оселки. В детских погребениях (в большинстве случаев) слева от головы обнаружены только куриные яйца, либо погребальный инвентарь совсем отсутствует. Отмечается высокая детская смертность. Детские погребения составляют почти 50% от всего числа раскопанных погребений. The material culture of the late middle ages of the Digor gorge in North Ossetia is not well studied in comparison with other periods. The article presents for the first time a complex of archaeological monuments located in The Matsuta Glade of the Digor gorge: monuments, their location, and history of study. The purpose of the study is to consider the Matsuta Glade as a funerary and cult complex, where there are late medieval semi-underground crypts, stone boxes, menhirs, tsyrts, "nartovsky" Nykhas, settlements of the Koban and Alan periods. These monuments are revered by the local population, mentioned in the Nart epic. The article uses field research methods, the method of analysis and analogies. The article presents the author's material of rescue excavations in 2020 of the "Ground burial ground of Matsuta I, middle ages" of the XVI-XVIII centuries in the area of the project "Construction of a paramedic and midwifery station in the village of Matsuta". The burial ground is a burial in stone boxes. In total, 75 boxes were excavated, in which the deceased lay stretched out on their backs with their heads facing West with latitude deviations. Some early burials are accompanied by a cremation ceremony. The funeral rite finds analogies in the mountainous Balkaria. The funeral rite is characterized by the absence of ceramic dishes in the burials. A funeral feast with cremation and a large amount of fragmented pottery, most likely of local production, was built over the early burials of the burial ground. The grave goods are rather poor and typical for mountain Caucasian culture of the late middle ages. In adult burials found clothes, shoes, belts, headwear, belts; women's jewelry; the men's knives, whetstones. In most children's burials, only chicken eggs are found to the left of the head, or there is no burial equipment at all. Children's funerals account for almost 50% of the total number of excavated graves.


2019 ◽  
Vol 488 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-419
Author(s):  
A. A. Krasnobaev ◽  
V. N. Puchkov ◽  
N. D. Sergeeva ◽  
S. V. Busharina

New age determinations of detrital zircons of sandstones augmented the possibilities of interpretation of their provenance. This interpretation is often restricted by a formal comparison of age-and-composition characteristics of detrital crystals with any very distant model objects. A different situation arises when the role of a source of a detritus is claimed by local objects. The analysis of SHRIMP and TIMS - datеs of zircons and U and Th concentrations in them, and also a comparison of histograms of primary zircons from Riphean volcanics and rocks of the Taratash complex on one hand and the detrital zircons from the sandstones of Vendian (Asha series) and Lower Riphean (Ai Formation) on the other, have shown that the age variations of sources and clastics are comparable in many aspects. It means that the age characteristics of primary zircons from the Riphean volcanics and rocks of the Taratash complex as sources of zircon clastics for the Riphean and Vendian sandstones in the Southern Urals are regulated by processes of resedimentation, though the influence of distant sources is not excluded.


Author(s):  
Pavlo Nechytaylo ◽  
◽  
Olena Onohda ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  

The paper analyses ceramics and buildings remains of the second half 13th – first half 15th centuries, coming from excavations in Kamianets-Podilskyi. It aims to introduce materials into scientific circulation, to compare the collection with synchronous objects from adjacent territories, to trace interactions in the material culture development in late medieval towns. Ceramics of the Golden Horde and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania times began to be systematically researched relatively recently in Ukraine. Thus, the materials from Kamianets-Podilskyi contribute to deepening our knowledge of less-known periods in the history of Ukraine and Eastern Europe. Materials analyzed were obtained during rescue archaeological research on the Polish Market square in Kamianets. These were fragmented parts of underground and aboveground building structures, as well as a collection of various household items. Building materials were mostly local clays and loam, less often wood and stone were used. A set of clay ‘roll’ blocks set in one of the pits allows us to assume similarity with the Golden Horde building technologies. Finds of coins and Crimean polychrome bowls fragments also indicate the complex emerged during the Golden Horde period. However, certain groups of pottery and coins of European minting define the complex upper date within the first half 15th century. Diverse ceramic types range from the complex is an interesting local typological phenomenon. It reflects mutual influences of the pottery traditions development both in time and space. After processing artefacts collection, the main groups of pottery were identified according to technological features. Some of them are rooted in the local ancient Rus’ traditions, others were formed under the influence of Western trends, while samples of a ‘specific’ group were common for almost the entire territory of modern Ukraine during Late Middle Ages. Pots collection was preliminary systematized up to 5 most common types selection, based on rim profiles. Many of them have a wide range of analogies, locally from Kamianets, as well as from the Western Ukraine, in Poland, Moldova and Romania. In addition to pots, the collection includes other types of kitchen and tableware, such as makitras, lids, jars and other single samples of ceramics. The typological diversity correlates with the multi-layered processes which took place in Kamianets-Podilskyi life during the Golden Horde and the Lithuanian periods. Materials from the complex, as well as other finds from synchronous objects within the city, deepen our understanding of the city’s development large-scale picture, which, however, requires further research.


Author(s):  
Lesaffer Randall

This chapter describes the role of Roman law—whose influence has been largely underestimated in recent scholarship—in the intellectual history and development of international law. To that end, the chapter offers a general survey of the historical interactions between Roman law and international law, drawing from general insights into the intellectual history of law in Europe that have remained remarkably absent in the grand narrative of the history of international law. The focus is on the periods in which these interactions were most pronounced. Next to Roman Antiquity, these are the Late Middle Ages (eleventh to fifteenth centuries) and the Early Modern Age (sixteenth to eighteenth centuries).


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