scholarly journals Ceramic traditions of monuments of the Harin Time in the Perm Ural Region: uniformity or diversity?

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Sergeevna Batueva ◽  
Dmitry Vladimirovich Shmuratko
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Great Migration ◽  
Organic Solution ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Single Vessel ◽  
Aggregate Sample ◽  
The Great Migration

The results of the technical and technological analysis of ceramics found on the monuments of the Perm Cis-Ural of the era of the Great Migration are presented in the paper. The analysis was carried out in the framework of the historical and cultural approach by AA. Bobrinsky. Five clusters were formed according to the results of multidimensional classification (cluster analysis by the method of k-means) of 67 vessels. Each cluster can be interpreted as an independent pottery tradition. The first tradition is represented by vessels made of without sand clay, taken in a wet state with the addition of a crushed clamshell to the molding mass. This tradition is most widely represented (58,2% of the vessels of the aggregate sample) and can be associated with the local Glydeen tribes of the early Iron Age. Vessels with organic impurities (manure, organic solution) in the molding mass constitute the second tradition - 16,4% of the vessels of the aggregate sample. The tradition has origins in the Sarmatian world of the Southern Urals and can belong to the tribes who migrated to the region. The third tradition can be traced on vessels made of without sand clay, taken in a wet state with the addition of crushed clamshell and organic solution to the molding mass - 19,4% of the total sample vessels. Tradition illustrates the process of mixing local and foreign populations. The fourth tradition includes a single vessel made of clay with a natural admixture of talc. We can find the origins of the tradition on the eastern slope of the Urals. The fifth tradition is represented by a single vessel made of clay in crushed condition. The fourth and fifth traditions are few; together they make up about 3% of the vessels of the cumulative sample. The obtained results allow us to speak about the motley cultural palette of Perm Cis-Ural in the era of the Great Migration. The results of the analysis do not agree with the opinion that all ceramics of the early Middle Ages in the Kama Region belong to the one same type and are left by one ethnic group.

scholarly journals Symbolic of metal caldrons in the nomad culture

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-117
Author(s):  
Gulnara Sainovna Jumabekova ◽  
Galiya Appazovna Bazarbayeva
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Funeral Rite ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Culture Development

The paper briefly traces the symbolic role of the metal caldrons from the Early Iron Age. This category of items can be considered as attributes of the elite and aristocracy. Experts identified the connection of the caldron (kazan) with the funeral rite in the Middle Ages, traced its role as a marker of high social rank people. This dependence is also traced on the example of population change as a whole. These include the Jetysu district (South-Eastern Kazakhstan), the Southern Urals in the era of the early nomads, and the interfluve of the Dnieper and Volga in the late Middle Ages. Burials of men with a cauldron and other attributes of power in the era of the early and medieval nomads, probably indicates the fulfillment of their economic and military duties. The example of the functional purpose of boilers states the succession of the nomadic culture in the use of the power attributes. The value of the metal boiler along with some elements of the object complex (hryvnia, etc.), laid down even in the period of nomad culture development as a symbol of representatives of high rank people, preserved for thousands of years.

scholarly journals РАДИОУГЛЕРОДНЫЙ ВОЗРАСТ ГОРИЗОНТОВ РАННЕЙ ПОДСЕКИ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ РУССКОЙ РАВНИНЫ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ershova ◽  
◽  
E. Ponomarenko ◽  
A. Alexandrovskiy ◽  
N. Krenke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Great Migration ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Slash And Burn ◽  
Slash And Burn Agriculture ◽  
The Great Migration ◽  
The Bronze Age

The horizons of slash-and-burn agriculture were distinguished by pedological, anthracological, phytolithic and palynological features. Radiocarbon dates were obtained from the coals. Most of the dates refer to the time of the Great Migration and the Middle Ages. Some of the slash horizons are dated to the Early Iron Age, the earliest are from the Bronze Age and, presumably, the Neolithic.

scholarly journals Krasnoyarsky-IV kurgan cemetery of the Great Migration Period

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-73
Author(s):  
M.A. Grachev ◽  
A.S. Zelenkov ◽  
A.V. Sleptsova
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Great Migration ◽  
Migration Period ◽  
The Great Migration

The paper presents the materials of the Great Migration Period from the Omsk Irtysh region, obtained during the excavations of the Krasnoyarsky-IV burial ground. In total, eight burial mounds with 13 burials were examined in 2009 by the expedition of the Omsk State Pedagogical University led by M.A. Grachev. The aim of this work is to determine regional features and chronology of the Krasnoyarsky-IV burial complexes , as well as some details of the historical and cultural development of the local population in the transitional period from the Iron Age to the early Middle Ages. The research methodology is based on comparative and typological analyses of the material complexes, morphological and constructional specifics of the burials, and on anthropological studies, including methods of odontology. According to the results of the study, the chronological interval of the functioning of the necropolis spans the end of the 4th — first decades of the 6th centuries A.D., which corresponds with the appea-rance of the Karym type monuments in the territory of the southern taiga of Western Siberia. The signs of artificial skull deformation, erection of small embankments, cremations, and Eastern-European and Central Asian imports suggest involvement of the Karym population in the epochal historical and cultural processes, as well as contacts with neighboring forest-steppe and southern taiga cultures of the Ural-Siberian region. Characteristics associated with the heritage of the cultures of the Early Iron Age, particularly, the Sargatka and Kulayka Cultures, were noted: orientation of the buried; location of the goods in the grave; ornamental and morphological features of the ware; and specific types of bronze decorations. The symbiosis of innovations and traditions of the previous epoch is partly confirmed by the anthropological characteristics in the ratio of the longitudinal and transverse diameters of the crowns of the permanent lower first molars.

scholarly journals Actual Trends in the Latest Research of the Pianobor and Kara-Abyz Archaeological Cultures

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Lyasovich Vsevolod I. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Archaeological Cultures ◽  
Theoretical Developments

Today, an understanding of the state of knowledge of the Pianobor and Kara-Abyz archaeological cultures is quite relevant for archaeologists of the Urals and Prikamye. A variety of scientific approaches to understanding the nature of the above cultures gave rise to a lot of questions and problems in the scientific literature relating to the reconstruction of the ancient history of the Southern Urals. This article cites and analyzes recent works related to the history of studying the antiquities of the Pianobor and Kara-Abyz archaeological cultures of the Southern Urals of the early Iron Age. Based on them, thematic historiographic blocks are identified and conceptual directions in the study of the above-mentioned cultures are determined. Today’s situation shows that in the field of studying the forest-steppe cultures of the Ural region of the Early Iron Age, certain scientific trends have developed, in which theoretical knowledge of the ancient history of this region is developing. Moreover, each of them touches upon a specific feature of the functioning of the Kara-Abyz and Pianobor archaeological cultures in the Early Iron Age in the Southern Urals. The author outlines six actual lines of development of studies of the above-mentioned cultures: 1) historiography; 2) natural science methods in archaeological research; 3) analysis of trade relations; 4) the introduction into the scientific circulation of excavation materials; 5) problems of chronology; 6) problems of the genesis and historical fate of archaeological cultures. In many cases, these theoretical developments of scientists overlap, forming a circle of problems and interests, creating discussions, or complementing each other’s scientific concepts. The latter trend allows us to form a unified system of knowledge and characteristics in understanding the historical development of the Pianobor and Kara-Abyz archaeological cultures. Keywords: Early Iron Age, pianoborskaya culture, kara-abyzskaya culture, South Ural, Pre-Ural, forest-steppes Pre-Ural, historiography

Kurgans and nomads: new investigations of mound burials in the southern Urals

Antiquity ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (308) ◽  
pp. 303-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.L. Morgunova ◽  
O.S. Khokhlova
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
The South ◽  
Ural Mountains ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Environmental Investigation ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
The Middle Ages

A new study of the group of kurgans (burial mounds) which stands near Orenburg at the south end of the Ural mountains has revealed a sequence that began in the early Bronze Age and continued intermittently until the era of the Golden Horde in the Middle Ages. The application of modern techniques of cultural and environmental investigation has thrown new light on the different circumstances and contexts in which mound burial was practised, and confirmed the association between investment in burial and nomadism.

scholarly journals Ancient genomes suggest the eastern Pontic-Caspian steppe as the source of western Iron Age nomads

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. eaat4457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Krzewińska ◽  
Gülşah Merve Kılınç ◽  
Anna Juras ◽  
Dilek Koptekin ◽  
Maciej Chyleński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Far East ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Eurasian Steppe ◽  
Chronological Sequence ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Direct Ancestor ◽  
Shared Genetic

For millennia, the Pontic-Caspian steppe was a connector between the Eurasian steppe and Europe. In this scene, multidirectional and sequential movements of different populations may have occurred, including those of the Eurasian steppe nomads. We sequenced 35 genomes (low to medium coverage) of Bronze Age individuals (Srubnaya-Alakulskaya) and Iron Age nomads (Cimmerians, Scythians, and Sarmatians) that represent four distinct cultural entities corresponding to the chronological sequence of cultural complexes in the region. Our results suggest that, despite genetic links among these peoples, no group can be considered a direct ancestor of the subsequent group. The nomadic populations were heterogeneous and carried genetic affinities with populations from several other regions including the Far East and the southern Urals. We found evidence of a stable shared genetic signature, making the eastern Pontic-Caspian steppe a likely source of western nomadic groups.

scholarly journals Bashkortostan in the Life of Tatyana Troitskaya: New Additions to Her Biography and Scientific Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Albert T. Akhatov
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Republic

Purpose. The publication is dedicated to the famous teacher and scientist-archeologist Tatyana Nikolaevna Troitskaya (1925–2018). The purpose of this work is to supplement her biography with information relating to lesser-known periods of her life and work in the Bashkortostan Republic following on from unpublished archival documents and memoirs of T. N. Troitskaya. Results. Analysis of the available sources and literature made it possible to study the time and circumstances of Tatyana Nikolaevna’s stay in the Republic of Bashkortostan. In 1941, it was the first time she was in Birsk, where she was evacuated to with her family after the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. There T. N. Troitskaya finished school and was accepted into the Birsk Pedagogical Institute, where she studied for a year and a half before re-evacuation in 1943. The second time she came to Ufa was in 1955 when she was sent to the Institute of History, Language and Literature, where she worked until 1956. T. N. Troitskaya’s research activities coincided with the beginning of systematic archaeological research in the region, making her involved in the formation of academic archaeological science in the Bashkortostan Republic. In 1955, Tatyana Nikolaevna took part in the excavations carried out by the Bashkir archaeological expedition on the territory of the Gafuri region of the Bashkortostan Republic. In the course of fieldwork, several monuments of the Kara-Abyz culture were studied there, one of which, the Mikhailovskoye settlement, was studied under the guidance of T. N. Troitskaya. The materials and results of excavations of this monument are still used by scientists studying cultural genesis and ethnic processes in the Southern Urals and in the Urals in the early Iron Age. Conclusion. Despite the fact that T. N. Troitskaya lived in Bashkortostan for a short period of her life, this time as a whole was of great importance for her life experience. Tatyana Nikolaevna herself later recalled that it was in Birsk that she realized herself as a future teacher, and in Ufa she came to understand the priority for her teaching activity over research.

The contribution of B.F. Zhelezchikov to the study of early nomads of the Southern Urals

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Meyram Nurlanuly Duisengali
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Ural Region ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Western Kazakhstan ◽  
Main Target ◽  
Volga Ural Region ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

This article is devoted to the heritage analysis of the Boris Fedorovich Zhelezchikov - the sarmatology scientist. It considers its contribution to the study of early nomads of the Southern Urals. The main target of the article is the generalization of theoretical development of famous researcher of Volga-Ural region. The scientific interests of researsher were linked with genesis questions of Savromatian and early Sarmatian cultures, with household activity and social and religious beliefs of nomads. He was elaborating the problem of the origin, of the chronology and the process of creating a culture of nomads of the Early Iron Age of the Southern Urals. Many of the provisions made by him, ideas and hypotheses are not lost its relevance todayHistorical adjustments introduced by B. Zhelezchikov in the reconstruction of historical and cultural situation in the region were developed in the works of his students and followers. Article describes field researchers work in 70-ies of Twentieth century. During this period, Zhelezchikov teamed up with archaeologists G.A. Kushaev, M.G. Moshkova and V.A. Krieger conducted extensive archaeological excavations at the previously little-studied areas of Western Kazakhstan. As a result of many years of field work at times was increased the range of the studied monuments, the new unique complexes became the property of the science. The research base of history was refilled for further summarizing works.

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