scholarly journals Limits of seed germination of phytomeliorants under conditions of heavy metals toxic concentrations

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
Anastasia Olegovna Oznobihina
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Leguminous Plant ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Toxic Agent ◽  
Germination Energy ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the study is to conduct biological testing at the initial stages of plant objects viability in the model conditions of heavy metal pollution. The paper presents the results of laboratory experiments to assess the impact of different concentrations of heavy metal salts on the viability of yellow melilot and great trefoil seeds. In the course of the conducted experimental studies the author has been established a direct dependence of the decrease in the indices of germination energy and laboratory germination of seeds with an increase in the concentration of phytotoxicant salts, determined the critical (threshold) concentration of the studied elements and the metal content, in which the processes of growth and development of seeds remain. The concentration of 0,01% cadmium, zinc, lead and copper was optimal for germination of melilot seeds, where germination was equal to 80%, 74%, 69% and 64%, respectively. For great trefoil seeds, high germination rates were noted in case of 0,01% contamination with lead, zinc, cadmium and copper - 82%, 80%, 77% and 76%, respectively, and in 0,1% salt solution of lead, copper and zinc there were recorded 75%, 74% and 72% of seedlings. Zinc in the concentration of 0,01% at the initial stages of germination of phytomeliorant seeds stimulated germination energy. The tendency of resistance to pollution by lead, zinc and copper was observed at sprouts of a great trefoil, and to pollution by cadmium the greatest resistance was shown by a melilot yellow. Defining the limits of the leguminous plant seeds germination in the presence of a toxic agent will allow research and development in respect of biological restoration of contaminated soils and can be used in technologically disturbed lands.

Comparison of Hydroxyapatite Sorption Properties towards Cadmium, Lead, Zinc and Strontium Ions

2005 ◽  
Vol 494 ◽  
pp. 405-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Smičiklas ◽  
A. Onjia ◽  
J. Marković ◽  
S. Raičević
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Heavy Metal Immobilization ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Synthetic Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Solid Liquid

Apatites are well known matrix for heavy metal immobilization and remediation of ground water and contaminated soils. In this work, capacities of different synthetic hydroxyapatite (HAP) samples for Pb, Cd, Sr and Zn sorption were analyzed, from single metal solutions and their equimolar mixture. Initial concentration of each metal in single metal solutions and total metal concentration in the mixture was 10-2 mol/dm3. Initial pH was adjusted to 5.0 ± 0.1. After 24 h equilibration of HAP samples with heavy metal solutions (solid/liquid ratio 1:200), the concentration of metals and of Ca2+ released from crystal lattice, as well as the final pH values were measured. The selectivity of all samples, regardless of the differences in their compositions, crystallinities, specific surface areas, points of zero charge and sorption capacities, was as follows: Pb > Cd > Zn > Sr. The same order was obtained for both single metal solutions and their mixture. In all cases, the sorption was followed by a decrease in final pH values, which are lower than the pHPZC values obtained by equilibration of HAP samples with an inert electrolyte (KNO3). A linear relationship between the amount of metals sorbed and Ca2+ released from HAP was observed. Also, a correlation between sorption capacities and physicochemical properties of HAP samples was found.

scholarly journals Impact of pyrogenic factors on heavy metal content in burozems of South-Eastern coast of Primorye

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Б.Ф. Пшеничников ◽  
Н.Ф. Пшеничникова ◽  
А.С. Якшина
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
The Impact

Рассматривается влияние пирогенного фактора на содержание тяжелых металлов (свинца, цинка, кадмия, никеля, меди, кобальта, хрома, марганца) и их внутрипрофильное распределение в буроземах под разной растительностью. Исследования проводились на мысе Островной и сопредельной территории япономорского побережья, прилегающей к пос. Заповедный Лазовского района Приморского края. Установлено, что в буроземах гари по сравнению с почвами сопредельных участков под дубовым лесом и разнотравно-кустарниковыми группировками наблюдается увеличение содержания рассматриваемых тяжелых металлов, что, вероятно, связано с их дополнительным поступлением с золой. Показано, что для буроземов гари характерны более высокие коэффициенты концентрации (Кс) свинца, цинка, кадмия, меди и марганца по сравнению с буроземами под лесом и разнотравно-кустарниковыми группировками. Отмечены различия в поведении элементов: свинец, кадмий, кобальт закрепляются преимущественно в аккумулятивно-гумусовых горизонтах, тогда как никель, цинк, медь, хром и марганец мигрируют вниз по профилю в иллювиально-гумусовые горизонты. Подсчет суммарного показателя загрязнения Саета показал, что в буроземах гари фиксируется допустимый (низкий) уровень загрязнения в поверхностном аккумулятивно-гумусовом горизонте и умеренно опасный – в иллювиальной части профиля. Однако применение поправочного коэффициента на токсичность элемента (Кт) при подсчете суммарного показателя загрязнения увеличивает Кс элементов, относящихся к 1 классу опасности – свинца, цинка и кадмия. Поэтому, несмотря на допустимый (низкий) и умеренно опасный уровни загрязнения, в данном случае следует обращать особое внимание на класс опасности загрязнителей. The research focuses on the impact of pyrogenic factor on heavy metal content (lead, zinc, cadmium, nickel, copper, cobalt, chromium and manganese) and its profile distribution in burozems under different types of vegetation in the Ostrovnoy Cape (the Sea of Japan) and the bordering territory, close to Zapovedny settlement of Lazovsky Disrict (Primorsky Krai). The results show that burozems of the burnt forest areas if compared to burozems of adjacent oak forests and grass-shrub communities demonstrate increased heavy metal levels, most likely due to heavy metal introduction with burnt down plant remains. Burozems of the burnt forest areas have higher concentration coefficients (Сс) of lead, zinc, cadmium, copper, and manganese than burozems of the forests and grass-shrub communities unexposed to fires. Of all the elements under study, lead, cadmium, and cobalt tend to accumulate most in accumulative-humus horizons while nickel, zinc, copper, chromium, and manganese migrate down the soil profile into humic-illuvial horizons.

scholarly journals Response of Prosopis farcta to copper and cadmium stress and potential for accumulation and translocation of these heavy metals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Fazel Soltani Gishini ◽  
Abolfazl Azizian ◽  
Abbas Alemzadeh ◽  
Marzieh Shabani ◽  
Seifollah Amin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Southwest Asia ◽  
Prosopis Farcta ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
The Impact

AbstractFew studies have evaluated the effects of various levels of heavy metals on medicinal plants. The impact of gradually increased soil levels of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) on the medicinal plant native to Southwest Asia and North Africa, Prosopis farcta, irrigated with metal-enriched water was determined. The exposure of plants to Cd or Cu decreased plant growth and increased Cd and Cu concentration in their shoots and roots. External Cd or Cu in the soil increased the uptake of both elements. Regression analysis showed that the weight of both shoots and roots decreased linearly with the increase of Cu and Cd contents in roots and shoots. Results showed that Cd was more toxic than Cu. The water content of shoots and roots decreased linearly with increased heavy metal levels. P. farcta could take up Cu and Cd in both Cu- and Cd-contaminated soils, however, it was more capable for transporting Cd from roots to shoots rather than Cu. P. farcta is a natural accumulator for Cu and Cd under gradually increased levels of these metals in the soil.

Heavy metal content of plants growing on soils contaminated by lead mining

1971 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Alloway ◽  
B. E. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Plant Composition ◽  
Soil Extraction ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Copper Ores

During the nineteenth century several parts of Wales were intensively mined for lead, zinc and copper ores. Fields adjacent to and downstream from the mines became contaminated by air- and water-borne heavy metal compounds. Such fields still contain high concentrations of total lead, zinc and copper together with silver and cadmium, the chief ‘guest’ elements in lead and zinc ores. Extraction of the soils with dilute acetic acid suggested that contaminated soils contained more of these metals that were available to plants (Alloway, 1969; Alloway & Davies, 1971). Some studies of plant composition were made to confirm the evidence from soil extraction and to indicate the extent to which these metals were entering the food chain.

scholarly journals Abundance and Diversity of Archaea in Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Soils

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 3293-3297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth-Anne Sandaa ◽  
Øivind Enger ◽  
Vigdis Torsvik
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Globally Distributed

ABSTRACT The impact of heavy-metal contamination on archaean communities was studied in soils amended with sewage sludge contaminated with heavy metals to varying extents. Fluorescent in situ hybridization showed a decrease in the percentage of Archaea from 1.3% ± 0.3% of 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole-stained cells in untreated soil to below the detection limit in soils amended with heavy metals. A comparison of the archaean communities of the different plots by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis revealed differences in the structure of the archaean communities in soils with increasing heavy-metal contamination. Analysis of cloned 16S ribosomal DNA showed close similarities to a unique and globally distributed lineage of the kingdom Crenarchaeota that is phylogenetically distinct from currently characterized crenarchaeotal species.

Воздействиеультразвуковогополянадинамическуювязкостьводы

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-29
Author(s):  
P. Vikulin ◽  
K. Khlopov ◽  
M. Cherkashin
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Viscosity ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ultrasonic Field ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Ultrasonic Frequency ◽  
Ultrasonic Vibrations ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Laboratory Setup ◽  
Sonic Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Enhancing water purification processes is provided by various methods including physical ones, in particular, exposure to ultrasonic vibrations. The change in the dynamic viscosity of water affects the rate of deposition of particles in the aquatic environment which can be used in natural and wastewater treatment. At the Department Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal of the National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering experimental studies were conducted under laboratory conditions to study the effect of ultrasound on the change in the dynamic viscosity of water. A laboratory setup has been designed consisting of an ultrasonic frequency generator of the relative intensity, a transducer (concentrator) that transmits ultrasonic vibrations to the source water, and sonic treatment tanks. Experimental studies on the impact of the ultrasonic field in the cavitation mode on the dynamic viscosity of the aqueous medium were carried out the exposure time was obtained to achieve the maximum effect.Интенсификация процессов очистки воды осуществляется с помощью различных методов, в том числе и физических, в частности воздействием ультразвуковых колебаний. Изменение динамической вязкости воды влияет на скорость осаждения частиц в водной среде, что может быть использовано в процессах очистки природных и сточных вод. На кафедре Водоснабжение и водоотведение Национального исследовательского Московского государственного строительного университета в лабораторных условиях проведены экспериментальные исследования по изучению влияния ультразвука на изменение динамической вязкости воды. Разработана схема лабораторной установки, состоящая из генератора ультразвуковых частот с соответствующей интенсивностью, преобразователя (концентратора), передающего ультразвуковые колебания в исходную воду, и емкости для озвучивания. Выполнены экспериментальные исследования по влиянию ультразвукового поля в режиме кавитации на динамическую вязкость водной среды, получено время экспозиции для достижения максимального эффекта.

Applications of Bentonite to Soil Decontamination

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1695-1698
Author(s):  
Marin Rusanescu ◽  
Carmen Otilia Rusanescu ◽  
Gheorghe Voicu ◽  
Mihaela Begea
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Soil Decontamination ◽  
Metal Retention ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals

A calcium bentonite from Orasu Nou deposit (Satu Mare Romania) was used as raw material. We have conducted laboratory experiments to determine the influence of bentonite on the degree of heavy metal retention. It has been observed that the rate of retention increases as the heavy metal concentration decreases. Experimental studies have been carried out on metal retention ( Zn) in bentonite. In this paper, we realized laboratory experiments for determining the influence of metal (Zn) on the growth and development of two types of plants (Pelargonium domesticum and Kalanchoe) and the effect of bentonite on the absorption of pollutants. These flowers were planted in unpolluted soil, in heavy metal polluted soil and in heavy metal polluted soil to which bentonite was added to observe the positive effect of bentonite. It has been noticed that the flowers planted in unpolluted soil and polluted with heavy metals to which bentonite has been added, the flowers have flourished, the leaves are still green and the plants whose soils have been polluted with heavy metals began to dry after 6 days, three weeks have yellowish leaves and flowers have dried. Experiments have demonstrated the essential role of bentonite for the removal of heavy metals polluted soil.

Impact of Pseudomonas putida on the Growth Parameters of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- graecum L.): A Traditional Herbal Boon for Rural Areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
Shashi Kant Shukla ◽  
◽  
Awadhesh Kumar ◽  
Anupam Dikshit ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Leguminous Plant ◽  
Food Protein ◽  
Botany Department ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum L ◽  
The Impact

The present study aims the impact of Pseudomonas putida on different growth parameters of Trigonella sp., a leguminous plant to support the requirement of food, protein along with their medicinal value in the rural areas of India. A pot experiment was arranged based on completely randomized design with four replications at Biological Product Laboratory, Botany Department, University of Allahabad. Treatments were given at the seed level with one of control. Results indicated that application of P. putida significantly improved vegetative growth and showed an edge on the growth of the fenugreek as compared to the control.

Family Influences on Youth Offending

2018 ◽  
pp. 377-403
Author(s):  
Abigail A. Fagan ◽  
Kristen M. Benedini
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Parental Violence ◽  
Youth Delinquency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Children’S Exposure

This chapter reviews the degree to which empirical evidence demonstrates that families influence youth delinquency. Because they are most likely to be emphasized in life-course theories, this chapter focuses on parenting practices such as parental warmth and involvement, supervision and discipline of children, and child maltreatment. It also summarizes literature examining the role of children's exposure to parental violence, family criminality, and young (teenage) parents in affecting delinquency. Because life-course theories are ideally tested using longitudinal data, which allow examination of, in this case, the impact of parenting practices on children's subsequent behaviors, this chapter focuses on evidence generated from prospective studies conducted in the United States and other countries. It also discusses findings from experimental studies designed to reduce youth substance use and delinquency by improving the family environment.

scholarly journals Anthropomorphic Strategies Promote Wildlife Conservation through Empathy: The Moderation Role of the Public Epidemic Situation

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3565
Author(s):  
Dan Yue ◽  
Zepeng Tong ◽  
Jianchi Tian ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Linxiu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Illegal Wildlife Trade ◽  
The Impact

The global illegal wildlife trade directly threatens biodiversity and leads to disease outbreaks and epidemics. In order to avoid the loss of endangered species and ensure public health security, it is necessary to intervene in illegal wildlife trade and promote public awareness of the need for wildlife conservation. Anthropomorphism is a basic and common psychological process in humans that plays a crucial role in determining how a person interacts with other non-human agents. Previous research indicates that anthropomorphizing nature entities through metaphors could increase individual behavioral intention of wildlife conservation. However, relatively little is known about the mechanism by which anthropomorphism influences behavioral intention and whether social context affects the effect of anthropomorphism. This research investigated the impact of negative emotions associated with a pandemic situation on the effectiveness of anthropomorphic strategies for wildlife conservation across two experimental studies. Experiment 1 recruited 245 college students online and asked them to read a combination of texts and pictures as anthropomorphic materials. The results indicated that anthropomorphic materials could increase participants’ empathy and decrease their wildlife product consumption intention. Experiment 2 recruited 140 college students online and they were required to read the same materials as experiment 1 after watching a video related to epidemics. The results showed that the effect of wildlife anthropomorphization vanished if participants’ negative emotion was aroused by the video. The present research provides experimental evidence that anthropomorphic strategies would be useful for boosting public support for wildlife conservation. However, policymakers and conservation organizations must be careful about the negative effects of the pandemic context, as the negative emotions produced by it seems to weaken the effectiveness of anthropomorphic strategies.

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