Review on Upgradation in Coal Flotation by Pretreatments

Flotation of low ranked/oxidized coal becomes difficult with oily collectors. The prime factor parts accounted by lessening in coal hydrophobicity are the occurrence of polar hydrocarbons groups (hydroxyl, carbonyl, phenol and peroxides) on the coal surface. The up-gradation in coal flotation has been achieved due to the enhancement in hydrophobicity by pretreatments. The dry coal is conditioned with the pretreatment steps of grinding, mixing/conditioning, ultra sound, thermal treatment, microwave and direct mixing of the chemical reagents prior to wetting. These are the pretreatments methods among them grinding, mixing/conditioning are contemplated to separate the oxidized film coating on the coal particles surfaces. The separations of impurities are also indicated from ultra-sonic treatment. The Separation of pore/hydration water and hydroxyl functional groups through coal surface is accounted by microwave and thermal pretreatments. The procedure regarding direct contact produce the oxidize coal evaded for collector deposit on coal surface. The interception generally rises from hydration carapace on coal surface; in this duration, coal surface is wetted by water. The present research study is highlighted to see the distinct pretreatment steps effects on the rate of coal flotation. It is a welcome result declaration with highly precise evaluation.

Воздействиеультразвуковогополянадинамическуювязкостьводы

Enhancing water purification processes is provided by various methods including physical ones, in particular, exposure to ultrasonic vibrations. The change in the dynamic viscosity of water affects the rate of deposition of particles in the aquatic environment which can be used in natural and wastewater treatment. At the Department Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal of the National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering experimental studies were conducted under laboratory conditions to study the effect of ultrasound on the change in the dynamic viscosity of water. A laboratory setup has been designed consisting of an ultrasonic frequency generator of the relative intensity, a transducer (concentrator) that transmits ultrasonic vibrations to the source water, and sonic treatment tanks. Experimental studies on the impact of the ultrasonic field in the cavitation mode on the dynamic viscosity of the aqueous medium were carried out the exposure time was obtained to achieve the maximum effect.Интенсификация процессов очистки воды осуществляется с помощью различных методов, в том числе и физических, в частности воздействием ультразвуковых колебаний. Изменение динамической вязкости воды влияет на скорость осаждения частиц в водной среде, что может быть использовано в процессах очистки природных и сточных вод. На кафедре Водоснабжение и водоотведение Национального исследовательского Московского государственного строительного университета в лабораторных условиях проведены экспериментальные исследования по изучению влияния ультразвука на изменение динамической вязкости воды. Разработана схема лабораторной установки, состоящая из генератора ультразвуковых частот с соответствующей интенсивностью, преобразователя (концентратора), передающего ультразвуковые колебания в исходную воду, и емкости для озвучивания. Выполнены экспериментальные исследования по влиянию ультразвукового поля в режиме кавитации на динамическую вязкость водной среды, получено время экспозиции для достижения максимального эффекта.

Sonic Stimulation and Low Power Microwave Radiation Can Modulate Bacterial Virulence Towards Caenorhabditis elegans

<P>Background: In view of the global threat of antimicrobial resistance, novel alternative approaches to deal with infectious bacteria are warranted, in addition to the conventional invasive therapeutic approaches. Objective: This study aimed at investigating whether exposure to sonic stimulation or microwave radiation can affect virulence of pathogenic bacteria toward the model nematode host Caenorhabditis elegans. Methods: Caenorhabditis elegans worms infected with different pathogenic bacteria were subjected to sonic treatment to investigate whether such sound treatment can exert any therapeutic effect on the infected worms. Virulence of microwave exposed bacteria was also assessed using this nematode host. Results: Sound corresponding to 400 Hz, and the divine sound ‘Om’ conferred protective effect on C. elegans in face of bacterial infection, particularly that caused by Serratia marcescens or Staphylococcus aureus. The observed effect seemed to occur due to influence of sound on bacteria, and not on the worm. Additionally, effect of microwave exposure on bacterial virulence was also investigated, wherein microwave exposure could reduce virulence of S. aureus towards C. elegans. Conclusion: Sonic stimulation/ microwave exposure was demonstrated to be capable of modulating bacterial virulence.</P>

Sonic stimulation, and low power microwave radiation can modulate bacterial virulence towardsCaenorhabditis elegans

Caenorhabditis elegansworms infected with different pathogenic bacteria were subjected to sonic treatment to investigate whether such sound treatment can exert any therapeutic effect on the infected worms. Sonic therapy corresponding to 400 Hz, and the divine sound ‘om’ were found to confer protective effect on this nematode worm in face of bacterial infection, particularly that caused bySerratia marcescensorStaphylococcus aureus. The observed effect seemed to occur due to influence of sound on bacteria, and not on the worm. In addition to this, effect of microwave exposure on bacterial virulence was also investigated, wherein microwave exposure was found to reduce virulence ofS. aureustowardsC. elegans.

SONOMICROBIOLOGY OF RAW WATER AT THE TREATEMENT BY AIR-JET GENERATORS

<p>The paper presents the sonic treatment effect on the microbiological indicators of the raw water, namely total germ number, Streptococci number, total coli forms and fecal coli forms. Also, the paper comprises the sonic installation which includes the vertical reactor and the air-jet ultrasound generator. The results allow the development of a new raw water treatment technology that will eliminate the actually two-stage treatment - filtration and chlorination, for the drinking water plants. </p>

An environmentally friendly method for the isolation of cellulose nano fibrils from banana rachis fibers

Cellulose nano fibrils (CNFs) were isolated from banana rachis bran using enzyme hydrolysis with subsequent ultra-sonic treatment. The CNFs and bran were characterized by particle size distribution (only the CNFs), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy; the morphology of the banana rachis fiber and CNFs was observed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The furnished nano fibrils had an average diameter of 14.02 ± 2.10 nm and length of 619.6 ± 90.7 nm. The aspect ratio of the CNFs is in the range of long fibrils, that is 44.18. XRD studies revealed that CNFs (48.83%) were more crystalline than the banana bran (27.76%). TGA and derivative thermogravimetry thermograms showed that CNFs were more thermally stable than the bran.