scholarly journals The pottery of the final phase of sperrings culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144
Author(s):  
Konstantin Enrikovich German
Keyword(s):  
Stone Tools ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Ancient Population ◽  
Mixed Complexes ◽  
Pattern Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Main Pattern

The paper is devoted to the poorly studied final period of the existence of Early Neolithic Sperrings culture. There are few settlements of this period - Voynavolok XX, Sandermoha II, Pindushi and Sulgu Va, they are presented in mixed complexes with proscenium stone tools and the absence of radiocarbon dates. No transitional complexes between the developed and final stages of the sperrings culture have been identified. The ceramics of the final stage has a number of differences from the classic sperrings. This lack of ornamentation imprints fish vertebra and the retreating lines. At the same time there are imprints of the corded stamps and oval (rhomboid) pits, round-conical pits marked on the main pattern - characteristic features of the advanced stage of the sperrings culture. The main ornament is horizontal zones inclined right and left with a short-cut or corded stamps, comb stamp or oval (rhomboid) pits that form a vertical zigzag lines coated on top of horizontal belts of round-conical pits, sometimes arranged in a staggered manner. Such a change of pottery decoration hasnt been noted by experts studying early Neolithic ceramics of Karelia due to a small number of vessels and their presence in mixed complexes. Therefore, the development of the sperrings culture is likely to have been continued in some areas of South Karelia, but it is poorly recorded due to the refusal of the ancient population to use a fish vertebra as ornamentation as well as the transition to comb stamps.

scholarly journals THE DWELLING AT THE EARLY NEOLITHIC SITE OF BAYBEK IN THE NORTHERN CASPIAN REGION

2021 ◽  
pp. 142-155
Author(s):  
Т. Ю. Гречкина ◽  
А. А. Выборнов ◽  
Ю. С. Лебедев
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Lipid Analysis ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Caspian Region ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Exterior Surface ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates

Статья посвящена результатам исследования жилища на стоянке Байбек в Северном Прикаспии. Планиграфические данные позволили представить его конфигурацию, размеры и конструктивные особенности. Стратиграфические наблюдения свидетельствуют о специфике его функционирования. Технико-типологические признаки керамического и каменного инвентаря подтверждают культурное единство комплекса и его отношение к каиршакскому типу. Радиоуглеродные даты указывают на начало первой четверти VI тыс. до н. э. и подтверждают сооружение заглубленных в материк жилищ на данной территории уже в раннем неолите. Палинологические образцы дают информацию не только о природно-климатической ситуации в этот период, но и о строительных деталях жилища. В археозоологических определениях представлены лишь дикие виды животных (преобладают кулан и благородный олень) и рыб. Липидный анализ показал, что в нагаре содержатся признаки растительной и животной пищи. Вся совокупность данных свидетельствует, что Северный Прикаспий был одним из наиболее ранних регионов перехода к неолиту в Восточной Европе. . The paper presents results of studying a dwelling at Baybek in the northern Caspian region. Planigraphic data enabled the authors to describe its configuration, size and design features. Stratigraphical observations demonstrate specific features of its use. Technical and typological traits of ceramic and stone tools confirm that all objects from this assemblage belong to the same culture of the Kairshak type. Radiocarbon dates put the site around the beginning of the first quarter of 6 mill. BC and confirm that sunken-bottomed dwellings were constructed in this area in the Early Neolithic. Palynological samples provide information not only on the nature and the climatic situation in that period, but also on construction elements of the dwellings. Archaeozoological assemblage includes only wild species of animals (kulan and red deer prevailing) and fish. According to the lipid analysis, encrusted deposits adhering to the interior or exterior surface of vessels are associated with plant and animal food. The corpus of data clearly demonstrates that the northern Caspian region was one of the earliest territories in Eastern Europe where transition to the Neolithic took place.

scholarly journals New Data on the Economic Activity of Ancient Population on the Little Sea of Lake Baikal (Based on Fauna Materials from the Shrakshura 3 Site)

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
A. G. Novikov ◽  
◽  
O. I. Goriunova ◽  
D. G. Malikov ◽  
A. M. Mamontov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Ancient Population ◽  
Coastal Species ◽  
Layer 2

The article discusses the results of fauna materials' analysis from the complexes of the Shrakshura 3 site, situated on the northwestern coast of Mukhor Bay (Little Sea of Lake Baikal). The analysis of 5862 animals’ bones and teeth obtained from three cultural layers of this site was carried out. The methodology is based on the taxonomic diversity study among identifiable animal species, the number of species and their quantitative indicators. Most of the fauna remains (5137 pieces) is recorded in the cultural layer 2, dating back to the early Neolithic in the chronological range of 7420–7290 cal BP. The fauna remains of the Early Neolithic cultural layer 1 (7170–6970 cal BP) are similar in species composition to the fauna from the layer 2. Judging by both the faunal remains and a set of tools (sinkers for fishing nets made of flat pebbles, composite fish hooks, fragments of bait fish and a horn tool for knitting nets), the Early Neolithic population of the e site was mainly engaged in fishing. The fish is represented by coastal species: perch, pike, roach, crucian carp. Fishing gear made it possible to reconstruct the methods of fish catching: with a net (as better productive method) and with the help of individual use tools (fishing rods). Hunting was a secondary activity. The objects of hunting were ungulates, carnivorous mammals, and birds. In general, the population led a complex appropriating economy, combining fishing (as the main activity) and hunting. The absence of traces of dwellings, long-term fireplaces and production area in the layers characterizes these complexes as short-term seasonal campsites. The large number of fish bones suggests a specialized (aimed at catching fish) nature of the campsites. In the complex of cultural layer 0 of the Shrakshura 3 site, dated back to the Late Bronze and Iron Ages, the bones of domestic animals were recorded. In general, the clear stratigraphic situation of the Shrakshura 3 site and the presence of radiocarbon dates helps to identify and characterize the Early Neolithic fauna remains in the range of the 7420–6970 cal BP, as well as to reconstruct the economic activities of the ancient population of this chronological period, living on the coast of Little Sea of Lake Baikal. Previously, all reconstructions were based only on materials of Ityrkhei site, where layers of the Early Neolithic were recorded.

scholarly journals The results of the study of the Algay site (2019) in the lower Volga Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-131
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Alekseevich Vybornov ◽  
Irina Nikolaevna Vasilyeva ◽  
Aleksey Valerievich Baratskov ◽  
Filat Faritovich Gilyazov ◽  
Pavel Andreevich Kosintsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Technological Analysis

The processes of Neolithization and Eneolithization are two of the most important in the study of the human prehistory. The territory of the Lower Volga is of particular importance. In the Neolithic period, one of the oldest ceramic traditions in Eastern Europe appears. In the Eneolithic, cultures with signs of a productive economy are recorded rather early here. A further study of these issues depends on a quality source base. Monuments of the Neolithic and Eneolithic in the Volga steppe are rare. Therefore, the study of the new site Algay is very relevant. Its importance increases due to the discovery of stratigraphic data in 2019: the Eneolithic and Neolithic layers are separated by relatively sterile layers. This allows us to establish reliable periodization. Features of the lower cultural layer allowed us to trace the process of its formation. The work was interdisciplinary. The results of the technical and technological analysis of ceramics revealed the characteristic features of the Neolithic and Eneolithic. Archaeozoological definitions established the species composition of animals in the Neolithic and Eneolithic. New radiocarbon dates provide a basis for determining the exact chronological framework of the Orlovskaya and Caspian cultures in this region. Among archaeological materials, rare artifacts have been discovered that testify to social stratification already in the Neolithic period.

scholarly journals UNPACKING THE EARLY NEOLITHIC?

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Tanya Dzhanfezova ◽  
Chris Doherty ◽  
Nedko Elenski
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
North Central ◽  
East Europe ◽  
South East Europe ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
Characteristic Features

The preliminary analysis of Early Neolithic pottery from North Central Bulgaria, and the site of Dzhulyunitsa specifically, yielded surprising results which affect a number of aspects related to the study of the Neolithisation processes. Not all characteristic features traditionally considered as key signal of the Neolithisation processes were confirmed by our mineralogical and chemical analysis. A number of specifics related to the presence of engobe for instance, indicate a considerably more complex picture. In some cases the observations show no additional slip, just a simple burnish of the brownish ware, whereas in others a true slip covers both the inner and the outer surface of the vessels (white or cream-slip ware). With regard to the red engobe specifically, the majority of studied fragments actually have just red-colour surface that results from the oxidation or the rubbing of ochre, and not from the addition of a true slip. These observations raise the following question: do we actually compare same technological approaches, traditionally seen as signal for the spread of the Neolithic way of life? Furthermore, as regards the provenance of the vessels, materials expected to have local origin proved to be imported whereas others, seen as more specific and coming from distant territories were actually made on the spot by local row-materials. Even at this stage the preliminary results do not confirm some of the traditional views on this early material, raise a series of new questions and represent a ground for further interpretations and discussions regarding an eventual fragility of some models suggested for the Neolithisation processes in this part of South-East Europe.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon dates, climatic events, and social dynamics during the Early Neolithic in Mediterranean Iberia

2016 ◽  
Vol 403 ◽  
pp. 201-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Bernabeu Aubán ◽  
Oreto García Puchol ◽  
Michael Barton ◽  
Sarah McClure ◽  
Salvador Pardo Gordó
Keyword(s):  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates

scholarly journals Dispersals as demographic processes: testing and describing the spread of the Neolithic in the Balkans

2020 ◽  
Vol 376 (1816) ◽  
pp. 20200231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Vander Linden ◽  
Fabio Silva
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Population History ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
Density Dependent Dispersal

Although population history and dispersal are back at the forefront of the archaeological agenda, they are often studied in relative isolation. This contribution aims at combining both dimensions, as population dispersal is, by definition, a demographic process. Using a case study drawn from the Early Neolithic of South-Eastern Europe, we use radiocarbon dates to jointly investigate changes in speed and population size linked to the new food production economy and demonstrate that the spread of farming in this region corresponds to a density-dependent dispersal process. The implications of this characterization are evaluated in the discussion. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Cross-disciplinary approaches to prehistoric demography’.

The Neolithic transition and European population history

Antiquity ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (301) ◽  
pp. 708-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Crombé ◽  
Mark Van Strydonck
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
European Population ◽  
Population History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Neolithic Transition ◽  
Regional Approach ◽  
Absolute Dating

In volume 295 of Antiquity M. Gkiasta et al. (2003) discussed the results of two sets of analysis carried out on a “new” database of radiocarbon dates: one for the whole of Europe examining the spread of the Neolithic, and one regional approach looking at the relation between Mesolithic and Neolithic dates. Although we are convinced of the potential of both approaches, we do have some major comments on the methodology.First of all the analyses were conducted on a highly incomplete database. As the authors state on their p. 48, the analysed database currently includes over 2600 samples. Many of them, however, had already been collated in Gob’s Atlas of 14C dates (1990). Although the authors have included new dates, we do not believe that this has been done very systematically. For the Belgian territory, for example, virtually all the dates used in the article were those published by Gob – 16 Mesolithic dates and 30 Neolithic dates. The authors justify this by referring to the bad state of publication and public availability of radiocarbon dates in Europe. This certainly does not hold for the Belgian territory. In the last decade over a hundred new Mesolithic and Neolithic dates have been produced, the majority published in journals available world-wide such as Radiocarbon (Van Strydonck et al. 1995; 2001a), Antiquity (Crombé et al. 2002), Archaeometry (Cauwe et al. 2002) proceedings of the international congresses such as 14C and archaeology (Crombé et al. 1999) and The Mesolithic in Europe (Crombé 1999), and the IRPA- datelists (Van Strydonck et al. 2001b; Van Strydonck et al. 2002). The authors assert that these “shortcomings” to the database probably do not affect their conclusions. This is a rash and provocative statement, which minimises all recent progress in absolute dating of the European Mesolithic and Neolithic. We believe that for the Belgian situation a hundred new dates can make a difference. In recent years, for example, these new dates have allowed a thorough revision of Mesolithic chronology (Crombé 1999; Van Strydonck et al. 2001a) and a refinement of the (early) Neolithic chronology (Jadin & Cahen 2003). This will certainly also be the case for the other study-areas in Europe.

scholarly journals New Radiocarbon Dates for the Early Neolithic of the Western Mediterranean

Radiocarbon ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 831-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel van Willigen ◽  
Irka Hajdas ◽  
Georges Bonani
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Regional Group

Understanding of processes that determined the expansion of farming and animal husbandry in south-western Europe is hampered by poor chronologies of the early Neolithic in this region. This paper presents new radiocarbon dates, which are used to construct such a chronological frame for a regional group of the most important culture of the early Neolithic in the western Mediterranean: the Cardial culture.

Excavations at a Neolithic Enclosure at Lower Luggy, near Welshpool, Powys, Wales

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 163-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Gibson ◽  
Philippa Bradley ◽  
Robert Francis ◽  
Belinda Hill ◽  
Alex Higton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Gate Structure ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Absolute Dating

Excavation at a cropmark enclosure in the Upper Severn Valley was undertaken to try and obtain material from which to provide relative and absolute dating for the site. Lying within an area rich in Neolithic and Bronze Age archaeology and in close proximity to a proven long barrow, the conventional later prehistoric date postulated for the enclosure was questioned. Excavation proved the site to have been a ditched enclosure with internal bank and a possible gate structure. Post-pits ran inside the bank. Finds were few but radiocarbon dates from the floor of the ditch proved the early Neolithic credentials of the monument which seemed to have continued in use for at least some 500 years.

Antiquity of Man at Anaktuvuk Pass, Alaska

1964 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Late Glacial ◽  
Valley Floor ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Glacial Sediments ◽  
Terminal Moraine ◽  
Probable Time

AbstractGeologic evidence from Anaktuvuk Pass indicates that the latest ice advance during the Itkillik glaciation reached its maximum stand between 8000 and 9000 years ago. Archaeological sites at the pass lie behind a terminal moraine built during this advance and therefore must postdate it. In view of the probable time involved for deglaciation, habitable ice-free areas near the axis of the valley could not have been available for campsites until an advanced stage of ice wastage. Radiocarbon dates indicate that deglaciated areas existed near the present drainage divide as early as 7200 years ago, but prior to that time the valley floor was largely buried under stagnant ice. Although certain archaeological complexes have been interpreted on the basis of typology as evidencing considerable antiquity, the geologic relationships between the sites and radiocarbon-dated, late-glacial sediments places a maximum limiting age of about 7000 years on the oldest cultural materials.

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