A Reappraisal of the Seismicity of Sardinia, Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Meletti ◽  
Romano Camassi ◽  
Viviana Castelli
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Popular Opinion ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The People ◽  
Macroseismic Effects ◽  
Mediterranean History ◽  
Seismic Catalogs ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Seismic Networks

Abstract In popular opinion, Sardinia is the only nonseismic region of Italy. Most researchers are likely to agree, up to a point. Geology-wise, the Sardinia–Corsica block is among the stablest areas of the Mediterranean. History-wise, up to 2011, only one Mw 5.1 event located offshore Sardinia was listed by Italian seismic catalogs (13 November 1948). Seismic networks record only a few, low energy (Mw<5) events, mostly located offshore and with little or no effects on land. Seismic hazard in Sardinia is very low. “Low,” yes, but not “totally lacking.” We present the results of a recent reappraisal of Sardinian seismicity. We gathered information on three major earthquakes (1616, 1771, and the 1948–1949 sequence). Another sequence (January–March 1901) was re-evaluated, identifying its previously unknown main event. It was confirmed that some earthquakes (1870, 1906, 1922, and 1924) had low magnitudes and scarce to nil macroseismic effects, whereas some other turned out either very doubtful or wholly fictitious (1835, 1838, 1855, and 1898). The seismic hazard of Sardinia can now be reassessed on a sounder basis than before. We hope that our work will help the people of Sardinia to improve their awareness of living in a seismic land, if with a low level of seismicity.

Failed predation in Late Ordovician gastropods (Mollusca) from Manitoulin Island, Ontario, CanadaThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue on the theme The dynamic reef and shelly communities of the Paleozoic. This Special is in honour of our colleague and friend Paul Copper.

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Ove R. Ebbestad ◽  
Christopher A. Stott
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Late Ordovician ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Georgian Bay ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Shell Repair ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Selection Of

Shell repairs resulting from presumed failed predation are documented in gastropods from the Late Ordovician (Cincinnatian; Richmondian) mid-to-upper Kagawong Submember of the Georgian Bay Formation on Manitoulin Island, Ontario, Canada. The bryozoan–mollusc biota and associated sediments generally suggest nearshore, shallow (<10 m), low energy (lagoonal), and perhaps mesotrophic to eutrophic conditions. Two sample sets from this unit have been studied for shell repair. One of the more commonly applied estimates of shell repair frequencies involves division of the number of individuals with at least one scar by the total number of individuals in the sample (the Individuals with scars method). Using this calculation, 207 specimens of Lophospira trilineata Ulrich and Scofield yielded a shell repair frequency of 4.8%; in 28 specimens of Trochonemella sp. the shell repair frequency was 35.7%. Repairs in Trochonemella occur primarily in the larger size class, suggesting that a size refuge was achieved by this species. Low repair frequencies in L. trilineata suggest predation with a higher success rate or fewer encounters. This study demonstrates that the paradigm of a standardized low level of shell repair in Ordovician and Silurian gastropods is oversimplistic and a range of frequency rates can be expected.

African Traditional Religion and Trans-Saharan Migration from Ghana

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Seth Tweneboah ◽  
Edmond Akwasi Agyeman
Keyword(s):  
Family System ◽  
Traditional Religion ◽  
Livelihood Strategy ◽  
East Region ◽  
The People ◽  
The Family ◽  
Youth Migration ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
African Traditional Religion

Abstract This paper interrogates an unexamined component of the religion-migration nexus in Ghana. Using African Traditional Religion as a case in point, the paper examines the function shrines play in sustaining youth migration to Libya and across the Mediterranean to Europe. The paper relies on interviews and fieldtrips to migrant sending communities in the Nkoranza area of the Bono East region of central Ghana. The paper gives an account of the daily realities of prospective migrants, returnees and their families. Among other key findings, it is shown that there is an intricate connection between youth migration, the family system and the deities in sustaining the trans-Saharan migration. This migration, we observe, has become a livelihood strategy, the perpetuation of which reassures the survival of not only the people, but their gods as well.

scholarly journals JEWELRY IN CELUK: ITS TRENDS, DEVELOPMENT, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE VILLAGE ARTISANS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
I Ketut Sida Arsa ◽  
Ni Made Ary Widiastini
Keyword(s):  
Production Management ◽  
Casting Machine ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The People ◽  
Human Labor ◽  
Method Of Production ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Village

This study was aimed at explaining jewelry production, its development and implications of the developing trends. This study was conducted in Celuk Village, Gianyar Regency, a place or arena of production, distribution and at the same time sale of jewelry in Bali, Indonesia, in which Celuk is regarded as the basis for jewelry. This paper explains the development of jewelry at the beginning of the emergence of tourism and the implications, and the introduction of casting machine as the method of production which had an implication in the change of human labor, in which the artisans became machine power regarded as more professional in jewelry production. The data of this ethnographic study were collected through observation, in-depth interview, library research, and internet search. The finding showed that the presence of jewelry that is developing in Celuk Village does not give an optimal positive contribution to the community of the village as artisans, but in stead, it gives profits to the people outside the village who are involved in the development of the jewelry trends. The entrance of tourism with the implication on the high level of jewelry production and sale in Celuk Village started from 1980s gave profits to tour guides who were regarded as the ones who deserve to get fee in a large amount by the artisans. When there was a trend in jewelry in 2010-2014, in which the demand for jewelry like accessories for kebaya cloth for going to the temple and a ring with gemstone drove away the artisans whose position had been replaced by casting machines and workers who came from outside of Celuk Village who were regarded more professional by jewelry business people in producing standard jewelry in a large quantity. In this paper it is understood that artisans in Celuk Village are not able to obtain an optimal use from jewelry trends that develop in their location due to various factors such as the low level of education of the artisans, low level of profesionalism in working, and the low level of ability of the artisans in production management

scholarly journals Mediterranean Summer Climate and the Importance of Middle East Topography*

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1977-1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isla R. Simpson ◽  
Richard Seager ◽  
Tiffany A. Shaw ◽  
Mingfang Ting
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Stationary Wave ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
North African ◽  
Incident Flow ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Community Atmosphere Model ◽  
Moisture Deficit ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract In summer, the atmospheric circulation over the Mediterranean is characterized by localized intense subsidence and low-level northerlies over the central to eastern portion of the basin. Here, simulations with the Community Atmosphere Model, version 5 are used to investigate the influence of the elevated terrain of North Africa and the Middle East on this summertime circulation. This builds on previous work that recognized a role for North African topography in localizing the Mediterranean subsidence. By flattening the two regions of elevated terrain in the model, it is demonstrated that, while they both conspire to produce about 30% of the summertime subsidence, contrary to previous work, the mountains of the Middle East dominate in this topographic contribution by far. This topography, consisting primarily of the Zagros mountain range, alters the circulation throughout the depth of the troposphere over the Mediterranean and farther east. The model results suggest that about 20% of the Mediterranean summertime moisture deficit can be attributed to this mountain-induced circulation. This topography, therefore, plays an important role in the climate of the Mediterranean and the large-scale circulation over the rest of Eurasia during the summer. Further stationary wave modeling reveals that the mountain influence is produced via mechanical forcing of the flow. The greatest influence of the topography occurs when the low-level incident flow is easterly, as happens during the summer, primarily because of the presence of condensational heating over Asia. During other seasons, when the low-level incident flow is westerly, the influence of Middle East topography on the Mediterranean is negligible.

A Mediterranean history

2020 ◽  
pp. x-33
Author(s):  
John D. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Mosaic Landscape ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
Mediterranean History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Bridge Connections

The Mediterranean region has had a long and complex history. The phasing of three main historical elements forms a Mediterranean triptych: geology, climate, and human activities. The geological fragmentation of the Mediterranean into distinct microregions and tectonic movement of its different microplates has continually reshaped the configuration of the terrestrial landscapes, islands, and mountains. Many areas have been land bridge connections across the sea. The Mediterranean region has a characteristic climate, the essential element of which is the occurrence of a summer drought. Although initial trends towards aridity are ancient, the Mediterranean climate only dates to the Pliocene. Climatic oscillations since its onset have caused sea level changes, influencing the appearance and disappearance of land bridge connections across different parts of the Mediterranean Sea, causing species’ range sizes to expand and contract in repeated phases. Finally, nowhere else in Europe has had such a long history of human presence and activity. In the last three millennia, the impact of human activities on the landscape has been dramatic in terms of the evolution of the mosaic landscape we now observe. The phased history of these three factors is at the heart of plant evolution in the Mediterranean.

Conflicting Worldviews in Acts

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Deok Hee Jung
Keyword(s):  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Different Cultures

This article examines the conceptual encounter of coexisting worldviews in the lands around the Mediterranean through the concept of the oikoumene, ‘the inhabited world’. Different cultures, such as the Roman and the Jewish, adopted the term, but distinctively adapted it around their own understanding. The result was a tension for early Christians between two parallel worldviews. The biblical authors considered it significant to elucidate the genuine Lord of the oikoumene, who was thus its centre. Luke employs the oikoumene in Luke-Acts and provides his own worldview, particularly, in Acts 17. Here he intends to suggest that the Roman oikoumene is to be gradually supplanted by the Christian oikoumene (17:6). At the same time, Luke claims that the Acts’ narrative portrays the inhabited world where the early Christians lived as restored into the authentic world created and ruled by God through Jesus (17:31). Similarly, the inhabited world represented in Acts is the world that God designed all nations (God’s offspring) to inhabit, and God has allotted the boundaries of the nations where the people are to dwell.

A North African Folk Instrument

1928 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Henry George Farmer
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
North African ◽  
Professional Musician ◽  
The People ◽  
Stringed Instruments ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Town

Among the folk instruments of music in North Africa the primitive lute, guitar, or pandore known as the gunbrī or gunībrī stands facile princeps. Look where you will from Egypt to Morocco, from the Mediterranean to the southern confines of the Sūdān, and you will find this instrument in some form or other, although its name may have slight variation.2 It is essentially an instrument of the people, and is but rarely found in the hands of the professional musician of the town orchestra (ribā'a al-āla), who usually confines his attention to the more refined 'ūd (lute), kūītra (mandoline), or ṭtunbūr (pandore) among the stringed instruments whose strings are plucked. All and sundry among the people at large who are impelled to try their hand at music, take up the igunbrī or gurībrī——the noisy youth, the whining beggar, the strolling minstrel, the industrious workman, the respectable merchant, and the faqīr of the religious fraternity (zāwiya)——each thinking himself an adept as a performer.

Regional Seismic Network Monitoring in the Eastern Intermountain West

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (2A) ◽  
pp. 631-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine L. Pankow ◽  
Michael Stickney ◽  
Jeri Y. Ben-Horin ◽  
Mairi Litherland ◽  
Suzette Payne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Seismic Monitoring ◽  
Historical Seismicity ◽  
Military Bases ◽  
Intermountain West ◽  
Critical Facilities ◽  
Seismic Networks

Abstract The Intermountain West (IMW) region is bounded by the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the west and the Great Plains to the east. Tectonically, the region is dominated by active extension and has moderate to high seismic hazard. Both paleoseismic and historical records include M&gt;7 surface-rupturing earthquakes. The region is also the location of frequent moderate-size (M 5–6) earthquakes. In this article, we focus on the eastern IMW and its six regional seismic networks. We document recent and historical seismicity, describe the evolution of the regional networks, and clarify the rationale for sustained and improved seismic monitoring. Although absolute population is relatively low compared with other parts of the country, the IMW is experiencing rapid growth. Beyond population, there is significant seismic risk posed to major transportation and energy corridors, nuclear generation and storage facilities, dams, national laboratories, military bases, and other critical facilities. Despite the relatively high seismic hazard and increasing risk, seismic monitoring varies from excellent to skeletal, with some seismically active regions having minimal seismographic coverage. Clear monitoring needs for the IMW include increased station density, replacement of outdated seismic equipment, and more stable funding.

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