A macroseismic study and the implications of structural damage of two recent major earthquakes in the Jordan Rift

1977 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1607-1613
Author(s):  
M. Vered ◽  
H. L. Striem
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Macroseismic Data ◽  
Upper Crust ◽  
Structural Trend ◽  
Isoseismal Lines ◽  
Damage Data ◽  
Instrumental Records

abstract A detailed macroseismic study of the July 11, 1927 earthquake was carried out. A quantitative analysis of damage data provided a correlation for estimating (MM) intensities: I = 6.4 + 1.2 log (percentage of damaged houses). Using axis lengths and areas bounded by the ensuing isoseismal lines, the depth (16 to 28 km) of the event was estimated, and its probable epicenter located near Damiya bridge on the Jordan river. A comparison with the equivalent parameters, inferred from instrumental records, shows agreement between both sets of results and thus confirms the validity of the approach used in the macroseismic study. The same procedure of studying macroseismic data was applied to an earlier (January 1, 1837) destructive earthquake. It was found that this latter event orginated in the upper crust, eastward of Safed, with a 6.25 to 6.5 magnitude. The isoseismals of both these major earthquakes are elongated in a north-south direction, along the major structural trend in the area. The southern coastal plain of Israel seems generally less vulnerable to Jordan Rift Valley earthquakes than inland regions of similar epicentral distances, though local pockets of anomalous intensities are observed for both earthquakes.

scholarly journals K-Ar age determinations of some Miocene–Pliocene basalts in Israel: their significance to the tectonics of the Rift Valley

1978 ◽  
Vol 115 (5) ◽  
pp. 329-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Steinitz ◽  
Y. Bartov ◽  
J. C. Hunziker
Keyword(s):  
Shear Zone ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Tectonic Events ◽  
Age Determinations

SummaryThirty samples of Upper Tertiary basalts intruding marine and continental sequences were by the K-Ar method. Four volcanic phases are recorded: (a) 24.8±1.5 Ma of the Raqabat e Na'ame dike in Central Sinai; (b) 20.4±0.7 Ma of basalt intrusions in Central Sinai and the Arava. Some of these are offset by E-W to NE-SW dextral faults of the Central Sinai – Negev Shear Zone; (c) 14.5±0.3 to 4.9±1.3 Ma of basalt flows in the Eastern Galilee and the Coastal Plain; (d) 2.7±0.6 Ma of ‘En Yahav dike. These results contribute to the correlation between Tertiary continental formations from different areas, and put limits on the age of tectonic events, such as folding in the Syrian arc, faulting in the Central Sinai - Negev Shear Zone and shearing along the Jordan Rift.

Worsening of pain and function over 5 years in individuals with ‘early’ OA is related to structural damage: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative and CHECK (Cohort Hip & Cohort Knee) study

2013 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Wesseling ◽  
Sita M A Bierma-Zeinstra ◽  
Margreet Kloppenburg ◽  
Rik Meijer ◽  
Johannes W J Bijlsma
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Damage Data ◽  
Osteoarthritis Initiative ◽  
And Function ◽  
Early Oa

#3029 HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder: an investigation using structural neuroimaging in a c-ART treated tanzanian cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. A9.2-A9
Author(s):  
Lucy McDonald ◽  
Sengua Koipapi ◽  
William Howlett ◽  
Marieke Dekker ◽  
Sarah Urasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Cerebral Atrophy ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
Structural Measures ◽  
Hiv Associated Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
Ventricle Volume

BackgroundThere is a newly emergent ageing population of people living with HIV (PLWH) in Africa. However, there is little research into HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) in this population. Existing research suggests HAND is prevalent however the aetiology remains unclear. This study aims to determine whether HAND is truly prevalent and explore potential causes in PLWH on c-ART using objective structural measures.AimsExplore whether substantial atrophy and/or white matter hyperintensities (WMH) is present on the clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports and quantitative analysis of people with optimally managed HIV in Northern Tanzania.Explore the aetiology of HAND by assessing whether cerebral atrophy and/or WMH is associated with demographic risk factors, HIV–related factors and/or comorbidities.Investigate whether structural damage is related to objectively measured cognitive impairment, and whether this is a subcortical or cortical impairment.Explore which neurocognitive test is the best predictor of structural damage and therefore most valid diagnostic test for HAND.MethodsA systematic sample of PLWH aged ≥ 50 were recruited from a HIV clinic in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Demographic data and comorbidities were self-reported. HIV-disease management data were obtained. Viral load and CD4 count were measured. A neurocognitive battery and informant history of functional impairment identified HAND. Cerebral atrophy (brain and ventricle volume) and WMH were measured using quantitative analysis of 1.5T MRI.Preliminary resultsThis cohort (n=91) had well-managed HIV (75.9% suppressed viral load, median CD4 507 cells/ul). The significant independent predictor (IP) of decreased brain volume was older age at HIV diagnosis (p=.001), and of increased ventricle volume was increased age (p<.0001), male gender (p<.0001) and increased frailty (p<.0001). The significant IPs of increased WMH volume were increased age (p<.0001) and smoking (p=.021). Only memory impairment independently predicted all structural measures.ConclusionsThis is the first MRI study of older c-ART treated PLWH in Africa. Despite c-ART and good disease management, HAND was objectively prevalent and unrelated to measures of HIV. Cerebral atrophy and WMH were associated with factors of neurodegeneration. Cerebral atrophy was associated with male gender and age at diagnosis (legacy effect).

Crustal Structure of Eastern North Carolina: Piedmont and Coastal Plain

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 2288-2304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Zhao ◽  
Wenbin Guo
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Lower Crust ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Upper Crust ◽  
S Wave ◽  
The West ◽  
Atlantic Margin

Abstract We present the results from an onshore seismic refraction and wide‐angle reflection profile, conducted in 2015, across the coastal plain and eastern Piedmont provinces of North Carolina. We use forward modeling to create 1D synthetic seismogram models and then invert first break picks to create 2D P‐ and S‐wave velocity models. The crustal thickness is 38 km beneath the Piedmont and central coastal plain, but it thins to 32 km at the coastline. The average thickness of the upper crust is 11 km with an average P‐wave velocity (VP) of 6.0  km/s and S‐wave velocity (VS) of 3.5  km/s. A prominent seismic low‐velocity zone (LVZ) (VP<6.0 and VS<3.6  km/s) exists between the depths of 6 and 11 km, beneath the western third of the seismic profile. The middle crust varies greatly in thickness, increasing from 3 km in the west (eastern Piedmont) to 13 km in the east (coastal plain), with seismic velocities of 6.5  km/s for VP and 3.8  km/s for VS. The lower crust thins significantly toward the rifted Atlantic margin, decreasing from 24 km thick in the west (Piedmont) to 8 km at the coastline, with velocities of approximately 6.9  km/s for VP and 3.9  km/s for VS. We estimate the composition of the crust by comparing the measured values of VP and Poisson’s ratio with laboratory measurements. The upper and middle crusts are in agreement with a felsic composition, while the lower crustal composition is predominately felsic to intermediate. The LVZ in the upper crust is associated with thin layers of the mylonitic rocks involved in the top and the bottom of thrusting, and the top of the lower crust could be the master detachment fault during the thin‐skinned Alleghanian orogeny. The eastward thinning of the lower crust is consistent with crustal extension during the Mesozoic rifting of the Atlantic margin.

Seismic response of instrumented structures during the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos E. Ventura ◽  
W. D. Liam Finn ◽  
Norman D. Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Northridge Earthquake ◽  
Acceleration Amplification ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Instrumental Records

This paper presents an overview of strong motion records obtained from instrumented structures during the 1994 Northridge earthquake. It describes the behaviour of buildings, bridges, and dams that have been instrumented by the major strong motion instrumentation networks operating in California and highlights important features of the most significant structural motions recorded during the earthquake. The structural damage observed during a reconnaissance visit to the affected areas by the earthquake is correlated with preliminary analyses of the recorded motions. Detailed discussions of the dynamic behaviour of two instrumented reinforced concrete buildings that suffered damage during the earthquake are presented. The behaviour of these buildings during previous earthquakes is also examined. This paper and the companion paper on ground motions provide comprehensive information about instrumental records obtained in the region affected by the earthquake. Key words: earthquake engineering, structural response, strong motion instrumentation, damage evaluation, buildings, bridges, dams, structural dynamics, acceleration, amplification.

scholarly journals Association of patella alta with worsening of patellofemoral osteoarthritis-related structural damage: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Haj-Mirzaian ◽  
A. Guermazi ◽  
F. Pishgar ◽  
A. Pourvaziri ◽  
F.W. Roemer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Patella Alta ◽  
Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis ◽  
Damage Data ◽  
Osteoarthritis Initiative

scholarly journals Non-Structural Earthquake Risk Management for Residential Buildings

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (Vol 63 (2020)) ◽  
Author(s):  
Solveig Thorvaldsdottir ◽  
Bjarni Bessason ◽  
Rajesh Rupakhety
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Earthquake Damage ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Damage Data ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost

As buildings become more resilient against structural damage the cost of non-structural damage and their consequences becomes proportionally higher, giving non-structural damage greater importance in earthquake risk reduction. Providing residents with detailed guidance on how to evaluate their risk regarding non-structural earthquake damage, and what mitigation and preparedness options they have, can increase both home and societal earthquake resiliency. Earthquake damage data from destructive earthquakes in south Iceland in 2000 and 2008 were used to develop simple but detailed twelve-step risk-management guidelines for residents. The guidelines are based on a set of disaster-related objectives. A standard loss estimation study was used to develop guidelines for the fixed non-structural elements and photographs from inside homes that had sustained significant non-structural damage were used to develop guidelines for loose items. Virtually every item in the studied homes was considered to understand its importance and its relevance to the function of a home. Information in terms of financial, functional and emotional value were used in the guidelines to help residents decide which mitigation options to take. The photos provided valuable information by placing each item in context with its surroundings, for example, to understand the possibility of motion and consequences to other items. The proposed approach, although based on observations from residential buildings, is useful for facilities that have sensitive operations, such as offices, industrial facilities, hospitals and government services. As societies become more complex and reliant on non-structural elements, systematic and thorough studies such as the one outlined herein become an increasingly critical part of sound earthquake risk management.

scholarly journals FRI0434 Poor quality of life in patients with spondyloarthritis is not explained by structural damage. data from regisponser

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Lόpez-Medina ◽  
P Font-Ugalde ◽  
JL Garrido-Castro ◽  
MC Castro-Villegas ◽  
J Calvo-Gutiérrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Damage Data

A case of the influence of radiation pattern on peak accelerations

1994 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 1658-1664
Author(s):  
Livio Sirovich
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Pattern ◽  
Site Effects ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Macroseismic Data ◽  
Azimuthal Distribution ◽  
Local Site Effects ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Local Site ◽  
Isoseismal Lines

Abstract The strong ground shaking of the 23 November 1980 earthquake in southern Italy seems to have been conditioned by the dimension of the source, its focal mechanism, and by the distance from the shallow portion of the source. There was only a low, and doubtful, directivity effect. These results come from a comparison of the azimuthal distribution of the recorded peak ground horizontal accelerations with that of the total, dimensionless, radiation pattern of S waves in the horizontal plane at each site (radiation from the closest point of the fault, and appropriate azimuth and take-off angles were considered). The recorded maxima were obtained from hodogram plots of each couple of automatically digitized horizontal components in 13 stations with negligible local site effects at a distance of up to 78 km from the epicenter. The analysis indicates the strong influence of the strike-slip component on the azimuthal distribution of motion. The fault mechanism best fitting the recorded maxima is as follows: strike 318°, dip 64°, rake 317°. This picture does not change if acceleration maxima in the frequency bands 0.1 to 5 Hz, 1 to 5 Hz, or 1 to 2 Hz are used. In a segment of the southern Apennines, where the strong-motion energy radiation in the near/intermediate field of a repetitive series of shocks from the seventeenth century up to 1980 seems to be controlled by the gross features of the source, it could be useful to include radiation patterns into algorithms for regional seismic hazard calculations. Conversely, because of the fact that drawing isoseismal lines results in a smoothing of at least the very local site effects, it might be possible to infer information about the gross features of the sources of historical earthquakes from macroseismic data.

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