PERSONAL AND INSTITUTIONAL PREMISES OF THE IGS HOUSING AND SETTLEMENT RESEARCH IN THE YEARS 1920–2020

The aim of the article is to indicate the personal and institutional reasons for IGS’s pursuit of housing and settlement issues in the period 1920–2020. The facts presented in the article prove the important role of these premises in the activities of IGS. They indicate two distinct trends in housing and settlement research, often manifested in the achievements of the same researchers. The first is the „photographic” trend based on the method of induction, deciphering the housing and settlement issue with surveys of the questionnaire and memoirs, which constitute an important element of investigations into the living conditions of selected groups of the population. The second – the „process-structural” trend that tries to look in a more deductive and reductive way, confronting the past with scientific ideas about an unrecognizable future, especially the more distant one. An example of the possibilities inherent in the processes of convergence of the „photographic” and „process-structural” trends are studies of the housing situation of seniors extended to the problems of more distant in terms of spatial availability of infrastructure elements and the settlement structure that define the inhabited space. This requires further research with the common denominator of intergenerational justice

Excited state intramolecular proton transfer in hydroxyanthraquinones: Toward predicting fading of organic red colorants in art

Compositionally similar organic red colorants in the anthraquinone family, whose photodegradation can cause irreversible color and stability changes, have long been used in works of art. Different organic reds, and their multiple chromophores, suffer degradation disparately. Understanding the details of these molecules’ degradation therefore provides a window into their behavior in works of art and may assist the development of improved conservation methods. According to one proposed model of photodegradation dynamics, intramolecular proton transfer provides a kinetically favored decay pathway in some photoexcited chromophores, preventing degradation-promoting electron transfer (ET). To further test this model, we measured excited state lifetimes of substituted gas-phase anthraquinones using high-level theory to explain the experimental results. The data show a general structural trend: Anthraquinones with 1,4-OH substitution are long-lived and prone to damaging ET, while excited state intramolecular proton transfers promote efficient quenching for hydroxyanthraquinones that lack this motif.

Geology and Mineral Potential of Copper-Silver mineralization in Kulu district of Himachal Pradesh, India.

Naraul Formation of the Larji Group in Kulu district of Himachal Pradesh contains the major strata bound Copper mineralization at many places as observed through old working near Naraul, Danala and Kanda in Sainj Valley of Kulu district exposing the Proterozoic Northwestern Himalayan belt. The same structural belt is also known for Silver mineralisation around Manikaran. At Naraul, a regional stratigraphic and mineralogical framework of the Naraul Formation for mineralogical resource assessment was viewed. The old workings within 4-5 km long and 200-300m wide along the NW- SE trending structural trend cover the main ore potential zones. The ore mineralisation seems to be alike the copper silver deposit of the Revett Formation of Montana and Idaho, USA. The deposit in Naraul needs further more drilling investigation and exploration for actual reserve assessment.

Three-dimensional geosteering coherence attributes for deep-formation discontinuity detection

Deep-formation oil/gas exploration is a key objective in the geophysical field, and structural and stratigraphic discontinuities, such as faults and channels, usually contribute to the construction of traps and reservoirs. Coherence has been used successfully to identify these abnormal features in seismic amplitude volumes. However, the current coherence algorithms seldom involve the geologic concept. We propose geosteering coherence attributes by implementing the coherence calculation perpendicular to the direction of the structural trend in a 3D curved plane. We estimate a group of time lags between the original analysis trace and each original neighboring trace along a certain spatial direction by using dip scanning. For each spatial direction, we subsequently construct two new model traces by weighting phase traces derived from the complex seismic traces, in which time lags are eliminated. We then use the new model traces to compute the crosscorrelation coefficients for each spatial direction. We finally obtain the 3D geosteering coherence attributes by taking the minimum values among the modulus of the crosscorrelation coefficients along different spatial directions to approximately characterize the coherence perpendicular to the structural trend in a 3D curved plane. An example of the 3D physical modeling involving fracture groups and faults embedded in the deep formation is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the 3D geosteering coherence attributes. The applications on two real 3D seismic data sets of sand reservoirs from western deep formation illustrate that our method can alleviate the influence of dipping strata and can highlight subtle structures. Compared to the conventional coherence method, our method can highlight subtle geologic structures more and better, suggesting that it may be serve as a future tool for detecting the distribution of geologic abnormalities in deep exploration.