Surface faulting along the Superstition Hills fault zone and nearby faults associated with the earthquakes of 24 November 1987

Abstract The M 6.2 Elmore Desert Ranch earthquake of 24 November 1987 was associated spatially and probably temporally with left-lateral surface rupture on many northeast-trending faults in and near the Superstition Hills in western Imperial Valley. Three curving discontinuous principal zones of rupture among these breaks extended northeastward from near the Superstition Hills fault zone as far as 9 km; the maximum observed surface slip, 12.5 cm, was on the northern of the three, the Elmore Ranch fault, at a point near the epicenter. Twelve hours after the Elmore Ranch earthquake, the M 6.6 Superstition Hills earthquake occurred near the northwest end of the right-lateral Superstition Hills fault zone. Surface rupture associated with the second event occurred along three strands of the zone, here named North and South strands of the Superstition Hills fault and the Wienert fault, for 27 km southeastward from the epicenter. In contrast to the left-lateral faulting, which remained unchanged throughout the period of investigation, the right-lateral movement on the Superstition hills fault zone continued to increase with time, a behavior that was similar to other recent historical surface ruptures on northwest-trending faults in the Imperial Valley region. We measured displacements over 339 days at as many as 296 sites along the Superstition Hills fault zone, and repeated measurements at 49 sites provided sufficient data to fit with a simple power law. Data for each of the 49 sites were used to compute longitudinal displacement profiles for 1 day and to estimate the final displacement that measured slips will approach asymptotically several years after the earthquakes. The maximum right-lateral slip at 1 day was about 50 cm near the south-central part of the North strand of Superstition Hills fault, and the predicted maximum final displacement is probably about 112 cm at Imler Road near the center of the South strand of the Superstition Hills fault. The overall distributions of right-lateral displacement at 1 day and the estimated final slip are nearly symmetrical about the midpoint of the surface rupture. The average estimated final right-lateral slip for the Superstition Hills fault zone is about 54 cm. The average left-lateral slip for the conjugate faults trending northeastward is about 23 cm. The southernmost ruptured member of the Superstition Hills fault zone, newly named the Wienert fault, extends the known length of the zone by about 4 km. The southern half of this fault, south of New River, expressed only vertical displacement on a sinuous trace. The maximum vertical slip by the end of the observation period there was about 25 cm, but its growth had not ceased. Photolineaments southeast of the end of new surface rupture suggest continuation of the Superstition Hills fault zone in farmland toward Mexico.

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The Villa Item and a Bride's Ordeal

The Journal of Roman Studies ◽

10.2307/297316 ◽

1929 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 67-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jocelyn Toynbee

Keyword(s):

The South ◽

Important Paper ◽

The North ◽

Dwelling House ◽

South Wall ◽

The Subject ◽

The One ◽

The Individual ◽

North Wall ◽

The Right

The paintings in the triclinium of the Villa Item, a dwelling-house excavated in 1909 outside the Porta Ercolanese at Pompeii, have not only often been published and discussed by foreign scholars, but they have also formed the subject of an important paper in this Journal. The artistic qualities of the paintings have been ably set forth: it has been established beyond all doubt that the subject they depict is some form of Dionysiac initiation: and, of the detailed interpretations of the first seven of the individual scenes, those originally put forward by de Petra and accepted, modified or developed by Mrs. Tillyard appear, so far as they go, to be unquestionably on the right lines. A fresh study of the Villa Item frescoes would seem, however, to be justified by the fact that the majority of previous writers have confined their attention almost entirely to the first seven scenes—the three to the east of the entrance on the north wall (fig. 3), the three on the east wall and the one to the east of the window on the south wall, to which the last figure on the east wall, the winged figure with the whip, undoubtedly belongs.

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Climatology and Trends of Climate Extremes of Temperature and Precipitation in Belo Monte Hydropower Plant – Eastern Amazon, Brazil

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-9079 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wanderson Luiz-Silva ◽

Pedro Regoto ◽

Camila Ferreira de Vasconcellos ◽

Felipe Bevilaqua Foldes Guimarães ◽

Katia Cristina Garcia

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Extremes ◽

Annual Rainfall ◽

The South ◽

North Central ◽

Adaptation Capacity ◽

The North ◽

South Central ◽

Daily Data ◽

Belo Monte

<p>This research aims to support studies related to the adaptation capacity of the Amazon region to climate change. The Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant (HPP) is in the Xingu River basin, in eastern Amazonia. Deforestation coupled with changes in water bodies that occurred in the drainage area of Belo Monte HPP over the past few decades can significantly influence the hydroclimatic features and, consequently, ecosystems and energy generation in the region. In this context, we analyze the climatology and trends of climate extremes in this area. The climate information comes from daily data in grid points of 0.25&#176; x 0.25&#176; for the period 1980-2013, available in http://careyking.com/data-downloads/. A set of 17 climate extremes indices based on daily data of maximum temperature (TX), minimum temperature (TN), and precipitation (PRCP) was calculated through the RClimDex software, recommended by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI). The Mann-Kendall and the Sen&#8217;s Curvature tests are used to assess the statistical significance and the magnitude of the trends, respectively. The drainage area of the Belo Monte HPP is dominated by two climatic types: an equatorial climate in the north-central portion of the basin, with high temperatures and little variation throughout the year (22&#176;C to 32&#176;C), in addition to more frequent precipitation; and a tropical climate in the south-central sector, which experiences slightly more pronounced temperature variations throughout the year (20&#176;C to 33&#176;C) and presents a more defined wet and dry periods. The south-central portion of the basin exhibits the highest temperature extremes, with the highest TX and the lowest TN of the year occurring in this area, both due to the predominant days of clear skies in the austral winter, as to the advance of intense masses of polar air at this period. The diurnal temperature range is lower in the north-central sector when compared to that in the south-central region since the first has greater cloud cover and a higher frequency of precipitation. The largest annual rainfall volumes are concentrated at the north and west sides (more than 1,800 mm) and the precipitation extremes are heterogeneous across the basin. The maximum number of consecutive dry days increases from the north (10 to 20 days) to the south (90 to 100 days). The annual frequency of warm days and nights is increasing significantly in a large part of the basin with a magnitude ranging predominantly from +7 to +19 days/decade. The annual rainfall shows a predominant elevation sign of up to +200 mm/decade only in the northern part of the basin, while the remainder shows a reduction of up to -100 mm/decade. The duration of drought periods increases in the south-central sector of the basin, reaching up to +13 days/decade in some areas. The results of this study will be used in the future as an important input, together with exposure, sensibility, and local adaptation capacity, to design adaptation strategies that are more consistent with local reality and to the needs of local communities.</p>

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Observations of the Coyote Lake, California earthquake sequence of August 6, 1979

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America ◽

10.1785/bssa0700020559 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 559-570 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. A. Uhrhammer

Keyword(s):

San Francisco ◽

Fault Zone ◽

Strong Earthquake ◽

Main Shock ◽

B Value ◽

Aftershock Sequence ◽

The South ◽

The North ◽

Temporal And Spatial Characteristics ◽

Largest Aftershock

abstract At 1705 UTC on August 6, 1979, a strong earthquake (ML = 5.9) occurred along the Calaveras fault zone south of Coyote Lake about 110 km southeast of San Francisco. This strong earthquake had an aftershock sequence of 31 events (2.4 ≦ ML ≦ 4.4) during August 1979. No foreshocks (ML ≧ 1.5) were observed in the 3 months prior to the main shock. The local magnitude (ML = 5.9) and the seismic moment (Mo = 6 × 1024 dyne-cm from the SH pulse) for the main shock were determined from the 100 × torsion and 3-component ultra-long period seismographs located at Berkeley. Local magnitudes are determined for the aftershocks from the maximum trace amplitudes on the Wood-Anderson torsion seismograms recorded at Berkeley (Δ ≊ 110 km). Temporal and spatial characteristics of the aftershock sequence are presented and discussed. Some key observations are: (1) the first six aftershocks (ML ≧ 2.4) proceed along the fault zone progressively to the south of the main shock; (2) all of the aftershocks (ML ≧ 2.4) to the south of the largest aftershock (ML = 4.4) have a different focal mechanism than the aftershocks to the north; (3) no aftershocks (ML ≧ 2.4) were observed significantly to the north of the main shock for the first 5 days of the sequence; and (4) the b-value (0.70 ± 0.17) for the aftershock sequence is not significantly different from the average b-value (0.88 ± 0.08) calculated for the Calaveras fault zone from 16 yr of data.

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Volcanic centres between Frigg Fjord and Midtkap, eastern North Greenland

Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse ◽

10.34194/rapggu.v106.7768 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 106 ◽

pp. 69-75

Author(s):

I Parsons

Keyword(s):

Fault Zone ◽

Fold Belt ◽

The South ◽

The North ◽

Rock Types ◽

South West ◽

North Greenland

A series of smal! volcanic centres cut Ordovician turbidites of Formation A in the southem part of Johannes V. Jensen Land between Midtkap and Frigg Fjord (Map 2). Their general location and main rock types were described by Soper et al. (1980) and their nomenclature is adopted here for fig. 22 with the addition of the small pipe B2. A further small intrusion, south-west of Frigg Fjord, was described by Pedersen (1980). The centres lie 5-10 km south of, and parallel to, the important Harder Fjord fault zone (fig. 22) which traverses the southern part of the North Greenland fold belt and shows substantial downthrow to the south (Higgins et al., this report).

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Observations upon the marine barometer, made during the examination of the coasts of New Holland and New Wales, in the Years 1801, 1802, and 1803. By Matthew Flinders, Esq. Commander of His Majesty’s Ship Investigator . In a letter to the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks, K. B. P. R. S. &c. &c. &c

Abstracts of the Papers Printed in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London ◽

10.1098/rspl.1800.0124 ◽

1832 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 230-232

Keyword(s):

The State ◽

The Other ◽

South Coast ◽

The South ◽

South Side ◽

The North ◽

North Side ◽

Northern Half ◽

Southern Half ◽

The Right

The chief circumstance that induced Capt. Flinders to think his observations Upon the marine barometer were worthy of attention, was the coincidence that took place between the rising and falling of the mercury, and the setting in of winds that blew from the sea and from off the land, to which there seemed to be at least as much reference as to the strength of the wind or the state of the atmosphere. Our author’s examination of the coasts of New Holland and the other parts of the Terra Australis, began at Cape Leuwen, and continued eastward along the south coast. His observations, which, on account of their length, we must pass over, show, that a change of wind from the northern half of the compass to any point in the southern half, caused the mercury to rise; and that a contrary change caused it to fall. Also, that the mercury stood considerably higher When the wind came from the south side of east and west, than when, in similar weather, it came from the north side.

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The Tejon Pass earthquake of October 22, 1916

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America ◽

10.1785/bssa0070020051 ◽

1917 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 51-60

Author(s):

John Casper Branner

Keyword(s):

Los Angeles ◽

San Francisco ◽

Fault Zone ◽

Fault Line ◽

The South ◽

Epicentral Area ◽

The North ◽

San Andreas ◽

North Side ◽

To Come

Summary The area over which the shock was felt by persons at rest was 27,000 square miles or more, extending from Fresno on the north to San Diego on the south, and from Mojave to the coast. The epicenter seems to have been near the summit of the Tejon Pass, where the intensity reached VII or a little more, of the Rossi-Forel scale. At many places the shock was preceded by a pronounced roar like thunder or a high wind. Wherever the direction of the sound was noted it appeared to come from the epicentral area. The region is too thinly populated and our data are too meager to enable us to outline the area of high intensity with confidence, but the following facts seem to be fairly well established: The shock or shocks were produced by movement on the fault line that passes through the Tejon Pass and follows thence east-southeast along the axes of Leonas Valley and Anaverde Valley and northwestward through Cuddy Canyon and Cuddy Valley. The topographic evidence of the fault in the Tejon Pass is very pronounced, but there is topographic evidence of another fault that branches off from the Tejon Pass fault about a mile and a half northwest of Tejon Pass and runs east-northeast from the northwest corner of Los Angeles county, passing along the north side of Castac Lake. The depression occupied by Castac Lake seems to have been formed by a downthrow on the south side of this fault. It has been supposed that the fault through Tejon Pass was a southward prolongation of the San Andreas fault near San Francisco. The identity of these faults is far from being evident. The topography, the distribution of earthquake shocks, and the method of fracture along the fault zones all suggest a series of overlapping faults rather than one continuous fault. Mr. Hamlin says on this subject: “This fault is not a long continuous fracture, but rather a fault zone with numerous branches. Dropped blocks are not uncommon along this zone, some being a mile or more wide and twice as long.” The forms of the isoseismals of this particular earthquake, however, suggest definite relations to this fault zone.

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Performance of Landscape Roses Grown with Minimal Input in the North-central, Central, and South-central United States

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech03681-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 718-730 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

David C. Zlesak ◽

Randy Nelson ◽

Derald Harp ◽

Barbara Villarreal ◽

Nick Howell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

National Level ◽

The United States ◽

The South ◽

Flower Number ◽

North Central ◽

The North ◽

South Central ◽

Central United States ◽

Plant Hardiness

Landscape roses (Rosa sp.) are popular flowering shrubs. Consumers are less willing or able to maintain landscape beds than in years past and require plants that are not only attractive, but well-adapted to regional climatic conditions, soil types, and disease and pest pressures. Marketing and distribution of rose cultivars occurs on a national level; therefore, it is difficult for U.S. consumers in the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Plant Hardiness Zones 3 to 5 to identify well-adapted, cold-hardy cultivars. Identifying suitable cultivars that have strong genetic resistance to pests and disease and that will tolerate temperature extremes without winter protection in the USDA Plant Hardiness Zones 3 to 5 is of tremendous value to consumers and retailers in northern states. Twenty landscape rose cultivars, primarily developed in north-central North America, were evaluated at five locations in the United States (three in the north-central United States, one in the central United States, and one in the south-central United States) using the low-input, multiyear Earth-Kind® methodology. Six roses had ≥75% plant survival at the end of the study and were in the top 50% of performers for overall mean horticultural rating at each of the three north-central U.S. sites: ‘Lena’, ‘Frontenac’, ‘Ole’, ‘Polar Joy’, ‘Sunrise Sunset’, and ‘Sven’. Five of these six roses met the same criteria at the central United States (exception ‘Lena’) and the south-central United States (exception ‘Polar Joy’) sites. Cultivar, rating time, and their interaction were highly significant, and block effects were not significant for horticultural rating for all single-site analyses of variance. Significant positive correlations were found between sites for flower number, flower diameter, and overall horticultural rating. Significant negative correlations were found between flower number and diameter within each site and also between black spot (Diplocarpon rosae) lesion size from a previous study and overall horticultural rating for three of the five sites. Cane survival ratings were not significantly correlated with overall horticultural rating, suggesting some cultivars can experience severe winter cane dieback, yet recover and perform well. Data from this study benefit multiple stakeholders, including nurseries, landscapers, and consumers, with evidence-based regional cultivar recommendations and breeders desiring to identify regionally adapted parents.

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Charles Edward Inglis, 1875 - 1952

Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society ◽

10.1098/rsbm.1953.0010 ◽

1953 ◽

Vol 8 (22) ◽

pp. 444-457

Keyword(s):

The South ◽

Art Gallery ◽

The West ◽

West Side ◽

The North ◽

The Right

Charles Edward Inglis was the second surviving son of Dr Alexander Inglis, M.D., M.R.C.S.E., of Auchindinny and Redhall, and of his first wife, Florence, the second daughter of John Frederick Feeney, proprietor of the Birmingham Daily Post, whose family founded the Feeney Art Gallery in that city. The Inglis family of Auchindinny appear first as tenants and afterwards owners of the farm of Langbyres, which adjoins the west side of Murdostoun in the parish of Shotts, Lanarkshire. The first mention of them in connexion with the place is found in the Lord High Treasurer’s accounts for 1543 when John Inglis in Langbyres and James Kneland in Swyntre had to pay £13 6s. 8d. to redeem their movable goods, which had been escheated as a penalty for their absence from the army, mustered by James V to invade England, which was routed at Solway Moss. The estate of Auchindinny, about 730 acres, was purchased in 1702 by one John Inglis, a Writer to the Signet, who had succeeded to Langbyres in 1685. Auchindinny lies about eight miles south of Edinburgh, on the right bank of the North Esk and at the south end of the parish of Lasswade. The house, completed in 1707, is a severe substantial sandstone building. John Inglis had eleven children. One of his grand-daughters, Barbara, co-heiress of Archibald, Laird of Auchindinny, married in 1777 her cousin, Captain, afterwards Admiral, John Inglis, R.N., of Redhall, whose father had left Scotland and settled in Philadelphia as a merchant about 1736. Captain Inglis commanded H.M.S. Belliqueux at the battle of Camperdown. The ship took a conspicuous share in the fighting, there being a hundred and three casualties out of a complement of four hundred and ninety-one, and quite redeemed the character which she had lost in the Mutiny at the Nore a few months earlier. It is said that the Captain was puzzled in the battle by his Admiral’s frequent signals and at last threw his signal book on deck exclaiming, ‘Damn the signals; up wi’ the hellem and gang into the middle o’ it’. He thus anticipated Nelson’s celebrated memorandum that ‘when a captain should be at a loss he cannot do very wrong if he lay his ship alongside of the enemy’.

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