scholarly journals Teaching coherent descriptive speech to children of senior preschool age with speech underdevelopment problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 146-165
Author(s):  
L. G. Shadrina ◽  
O. V. Efimova
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Systematic Analysis

Introduction. Today, one of the main requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Preschool Education is to ensure the speech development in children, which means mastering them of free, coherent dialogue and monologic speech skills as a means of communication with adults and peers. The indicators of successful speech development are skills to build different types of coherent statements. This requirement fully applies to children with minor speech delays. However, in modern speech therapy, the development of coherent speech is made dependent on the elimination of the shortcomings of unformed language structures and involves the use of reproductive techniques, including mainly constant repetitions of speech patterns. Children are simply asked to copy stereotypical schemes when making their own statements, but the attention is not paid to the process of formulating rules and peculiarities of description texts, the understanding of which is very important to be prepared for school. Thus, it is significantly important to revise well-established techniques to learn oral monologue speech when teaching children with serious speech disorders.The aim of the present article is to discuss the conditions for effective development of coherent descriptive speech in preschool children with speech underdevelopment problems.Methodology and research methods. The methodological framework of the research is based on the theory of speech activity and the theory of developmental education, as well as the systematic analysis of the peculiarities of verbal communication skills in children and modern ideas of correctional pedagogy about the structure of speech defects. In the course of the research, empirical research methods and a pedagogical experiment were employed.Results and scientific novelty. Children aged 5–6 years old (n = 60) with the logopedic report “general underdevelopment of speech of the 3 rd –4 th levels” took part in the experimental research. It was proved that it is necessary to teach preschool children with speech disorders not only to speak by analogy and model structures, but also to formulate detailed meaningful descriptive statements. The entry test demonstrated that most respondents have insufficient formation of coherent descriptive speech: 40% – medium level, 38% – low level. More than half of preschool children in the experimental group (53,6%) improved their results through the targeted and comprehensive correctional work, in the course of which they learned practical description skills. While working on description skills, children learned how to highlight and compare essential features of a subject, to combine individual phrases into a consistent message. The priority areas were identified in each speech task to ensure the greatest impact of its performance. The conducted classes influenced not only speech, but also cognitive development of children. Also, the classes stimulated children’s speech and thought activities, contributed to the activation of visual, auditory and tactile perception, memory, attention and observation.Practical significance. The research materials provide a new direction to determine the technologies for the development of coherent speech in children of senior preschool age with speech underdevelopment.

FORMATION OF SPEECH IN PRESCHOOL AGE AS A UNITY OF IMITATION AND CREATIVITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Pestereva T.N.
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Children's Literature ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation

The study examines the aspect of the formation of speech in preschool children, as a unity of imitation and creativity. According to the Federal State Educational Standard of Preschool Education: «The speech development of children includes the possession of speech as a means of communication and culture; the enrichment of an active vocabulary; the development of coherent, grammatically correct dialogical and monological speech; the development of speech creativity; the development of sound and intonation culture of speech, phonemic hearing; acquaintance with book culture, children's literature, understanding by ear texts of various genres of children's literature; formation of sound analytical and synthetic activity as a prerequisite for literacy training» [3]. The «Concept of Preschool education» notes that «Imagination is the basis for the active participation of a child in various types of activities. It is included in the composition of already known forms of thinking (visual-effective, visual-figurative). On the basis of imagination, children develop the first manifestations of a creative attitude to reality» [4]. The article considers the views of teachers and methodologists on the speech development of preschool children. The method of speech development of preschool children is also described: the «Binomial fantasy» method. Binomial fantasies are used in two areas of the development of imagination and logic of thinking: - To generate ideas for new objects or the transformation of an existing object; - To get ideas for writing fairy-tale or fantastic stories (speech creation). The article reveals the algorithm of work according to the method, in accordance with two directions. The prospect of the research the theoretical substantiation of the unity of imitation and creativity in the formation of speech in preschool children.

Osteopathic correction of somatic dysfunctions in preschool children with delayed speech development

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Abramova ◽  
I. A. Aptekar
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Preschool Period ◽  
Head Neck

Introduction. Speech disorders are currently observed in an average of 30 % of children of the fi rst grade of school. It means that objectively during the preschool period, one third of the entire population of children have speech function that does not reach the norm and requires additional correction by specialists. In recent years birth injury has been considered one of the possible reasons for the high frequency of speech disorders. As practice shows, the possibilities of drug therapy for children with speech disorders are very limited. That is why it is relevant to expand non-drug methods for the restoration of speech functions. The goal of research — to justify the use of osteopathic correction of somatic dysfunctions in order to improve sound pronunciation in preschool children.Materials and methods. In the period from 2012 to 2018, a prospective controlled randomized study was performed on the basis of Tyumen Institute of Manual Medicine. The work is based on the results of examination and treatment of 98 preschool children with delayed speech development. 18 people were excluded from the study in accordance with exclusion criteria. Depending on the treatment method used, all patients were divided by simple randomization using the envelope method into two comparable groups (main and control) of 40 people. Patients of both groups underwent a complete speech therapy correction and training course, which included individual lessons. Patients of the main group underwent the same speech therapy, as well as the osteopathic treatment in accordance with the developed algorithm. All patients underwent osteopathic examination and a combined assessment of the severity of speech disorders before and after the treatment.Results. The study showed that the presence of global, regional and local somatic dysfunctions was typical for children of preschool age with a delay in speech development. Somatic dysfunctions of head, neck and thoracic regions were most often observed. In the course of the treatment, patients of the main group showed a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of detection of somatic dysfunctions of head, neck, and thoracic regions, of local somatic dysfunctions of the cranial sutures and the thoracoabdominal diaphragm (p<0,05). In patients of the control group, there was no statistically significant decrease in the number of somatic dysfunctions. In children with impaired speech development who underwent complex therapy, which included osteopathic correction and individual lessons with a speech therapist, there was a significant decrease in the severity of speech disorders compared with patients of the control group (p<0,00001).Conclusion. Osteopathic correction of somatic dysfunctions (with a certain sequence of techniques aimed to treat connective tissue disorders, including decompression, elimination of edema and hypoxia in children with delayed speech development), allows to achieve a statistically signifi cant improvement in children′s condition compared with standard treatment.

scholarly journals Features of inflection skills of preschoolers with general speech underdevelopment

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Bazhenova ◽  
Yu. S. Mokhova
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Level ◽  
Normal Speech

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the features of inflection skills of the preschoolers with a general speech disorders. The problem of studying the grammatical structure of speech plays a leading role in modern scientific and practical research, and the question of the mechanisms of the formation of grammatical patterns of language of children having general speech underdevelopment and the development of recommendations for speech therapy effects on this basis is especially relevant. Taking this factor into consideration, it is important to study the characteristics of inflection skills of preschoolers with a general speech disorders, as one of the categories of the grammatical structure. Accordingly, the purpose of the study was to investigate the characteristics of inflection skills of preschoolers with general speech underdevelopment. In accordance with the purpose, the course of the study is described, its results are analyzed, and conclusions are formulated. Accordingly, recommendations for speech therapy have been developed.Materials and methods. The study of the features of inflection skills of preschoolers with a general underdevelopment of speech was carried out in several stages. At the stage of analysis, synthesis, generalization and comparison of scientific literature data, the main theoretical and practical works of leading specialists were studied, dealing with the problem of formation and development of inflection skills in both normal and impaired speech development process. At the stage of the ascertaining experiment, preschoolers were offered a test aimed at determining the level of formation of inflection skills. At the final stage, empirical methods for processing empirical data (quantitative and qualitative analysis) were used.Results. As a result of the study, it was found that the inflection skills  of preschool children with general speech disorders are mainly formed at a lower-than-average level, while their peers with normal speech development are formed at a high level. The hypothesis of the study, which suggested that the word-modification skills of preschoolers with General speech disorders, in contrast to preschoolers with normal speech development, are characterized by inconsistencies in gender, number, case of nouns and adjectives, errors in the use of forms of number and gender of verbs, was confirmed.Discussion and Conclusions. Taking into consideration the results of the study, we concluded that there is a need for speech therapy to compensate for the underdevelopment of inflection skills, as a result, logopedic recommendations were developed for developing inflection skills of preschool children with general speech disorders, which are part of a comprehensive speech therapy on the development of oral speech.

scholarly journals Relationship between indicators of communication, self-esteem and interpersonal status of preschool children

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (119) ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Lautkina ◽  
◽  
Irina N. Selezneva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Normal Speech

Communication, complex multidimensional education, begins its active development directly in preschool age. With the correct and timely development of communication, cognitive processes, emotional-volitional and motivational-need spheres, behavior, and the interpersonal status of the child are formed. The formation of communication skills is possible only with the timely full development of speech. The lower the state of speech, the more difficult it is for the child to organize and implement communication, and vice versa, the higher the level of formation of the communicative act, the more fully expressive speech develops. Difficulties in forming speech and communication affect self-esteem. Self-esteem as a phenomenon develops under the influence of the assessment of others. Self-esteem is the result of one's own activity, communication, behavior, activities, experiences of a preschooler. The inability of a preschooler to implement verbal communication in a peer group leads to deformations in the development of personality and interpersonal interaction, reduces his social status, and leads to his isolation from other members of the team. Summarizing the above, we have set a goal – to study the relationship between indicators of communication, selfesteem and interpersonal status in preschool children. The main research method is the contrast group method. Empirical study was carried out in groups of preschoolers – with normal speech development and with speech disorders («General speech underdevelopment (GSU) level III» according to R. Levina's classification). The results of the study showed that the level of communication formation in the group of preschoolers with speech disorders is lower than inthe group of children with normal speech development. The lag in the formation of communication skills is represented by a number of indicators: «interest in a peer», «sensitivity», «prosocial actions», «means of communication», «active speech». Low self-esteem was found only in the group of children with speech impairments. There were no differences in the level of the sociometric status between children of both groups.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF MECHANISMS OF WRITTEN SPEECH AND READY FOR LETTER OF CHILDREN OF THE SEVENTH YEAR OF LIFE

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A GALKINA ◽  
◽  
E.V GALEYEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Educational Standard ◽  
State Educational

The article considers the problem of preparing children in their seventh year of life for writing, the relevance of increasing the competence of teachers in preparing children for school. The need for teachers to master skills related to the development of preparation for writing preschool children is due to many factors: preparation for school, the sensitivity of the period, the plasticity of the brain centers. When determining the substantive characteristics of the problem, the concept of "writing", "sound analysis", "graphic skill" is highlighted and the analysis of positions relative to this concept is presented. The subject content of the components of writing skills is characterized, criteria and levels of acceleration of the background of writing in children of preschool age are determined, and methods for their assessment are selected. The goal, tasks, methods of the ascertaining stage of the research of experimental work within the framework of the research topic are presented. The study involved preschoolers of the seventh year of life. During the study, the main methods were: conversation, observation, conversation, game situation. The results of a study of the organization of child experimentation in a preschool educational institution are presented. The problems of mastering the letter in children of preschool age are outlined and the qualitative characteristics are presented. According to the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education (FGOC DO): “speech development includes the possession of speech as a means of communication and culture; enrichment of the active dictionary; development of coherent, grammatically correct dialogic and monologic speech; development of speech creativity; development of sound and intonational culture of speech, phonemic hearing; acquaintance with book culture, children's literature, listening comprehension of texts of various genres of children's literature; the formation of sound analytic - synthetic activity as a prerequisite for literacy, ”which indicates the relevance of this problem and the need to implement the tasks and search for effective methods of formation.

scholarly journals Aesthetic education of preschool children in the new socio-cultural conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
Tamara S. Komarova ◽  
Anna S. Moskvina
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Aesthetic Education ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Federal State ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
State Educational

In this article, the researchers draw the attention of the professional pedagogical community in the field of preschool education to the new meaning of the aesthetic education of preschool children in the sociocultural situation of the 21st century. The tasks of the education system as a social institution of society are revealed. The history of the concept of sustainable development as applied to the theory and practice of preschool education is presented briefly. The role of aesthetic education in the holistic development of the personality of a child of preschool age is defined. The analysis of the Federal state educational standard of preschool education in terms of the aesthetic education of preschool children is presented. The mission of an integrated approach in the aestheticization of preschool childhood is formed. The methods and scientific and pedagogical conditions of the aesthetic education of children of preschool age in a new socio-cultural reality are reflected.

scholarly journals Correction of Impaired Sound Pronunciation in Senior Preschoolers with Phonetic-Phonemic Speech Underdevelopment

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-200
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Grigor'eva ◽  
Larisa Nikiforova ◽  
Aleksandra Cherkashina
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Auditory Memory ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Voluntary Regulation ◽  
Oral Information

The research featured senior preschoolers with phonetic-phonemic speech underdevelopment. The authors described the peculiarities of speech development in such children and analyzed related publications. As a rule, impaired sound pronunciation includes low tempo and weak voluntary regulation. The study featured substitutions, distortion, or absence of various sounds. The authors tested a set of measures aimed at correcting speech disorders in senior preschool children with phonetic-phonemic speech underdevelopment. The experiment revealed a combination of incorrect pronunciation with sounds that were partially consistent in a certain context. Cognitive parameters included difficulties in memorizing verbal information and poor auditory memory. The subjects failed active speech tests and could not remember oral information. The article also introduces data on the specifics of speech therapy of phonemic hearing.

scholarly journals The Program of Psychological and Pedagogical Activity within the Framework of a Consulting and Methodological Point in a Preschool Educational Organization

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
I.A. Pinigina ◽  
Ju. V. Seliverstova ◽  
M.F. Smolnikova ◽  
N.V. Timoshenko
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Educational Organization ◽  
Educational Standard ◽  
State Educational

The program of psychological and pedagogical activity within the framework of the consultative and methodological post (hereinafter referred to as the CMP) in the preschool educational organization has been developed in accordance with the requirements of the federal state educational standard for preschool education (hereinafter referred to as the FSES PE) and the Sanitary Rules and Regulations (hereinafter referred to as the SanRR) to provide advisory — methodological assistance to parents of children of early preschool age who do not attend preschool. The main priority areas in the activities of the CMP are: conducting psychological and pedagogical diagnostics of the development of preschool children who do not attend preschool; information and educational work with parents of preschool children who do not attend preschool; organization of educational and correctional and developmental work with preschool children who do not attend preschool education. This program has been successfully tested on the basis of the CMP of the center of earlier development of kindergarten No. 172 in the city of Tyumen. The approbation showed that the level of cognitive activity, independence and creativity in children increased significantly; children learned to interact better with each other. For children attending the CMP, the adaptation process when entering kindergarten proceeds as successfully, quickly and painlessly as possible. A genuine interest in the activities of children in kindergarten was shown by parents, who became more interested in how to properly organize the upbringing and educational process at home. Parents themselves gradually began to get involved in the educational process. The kindergarten has become a place for them where they can receive qualified help. Trust in teachers has grown, a desire to discuss with them the problems of raising children.

General and speech development of preschool children as a basis for teaching initial reading

2021 ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
Evgeniya A. Semenova
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Educational Standard ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
State Educational ◽  
Initial Reading

According to the Federal State Educational Standard, the content of the educational program of preschool education should ensure the general and speech development of preschoolers. In connection with the requirement of the named document and the data of pedagogical science, the need for the development of coherent speech, vocabulary, the grammatical side of speech, the education of the sound culture of oral speech and other aspects of the general and speech development of children in the period of preparation for school is substantiated. Referring to the works of classical and modern methodic science, the researcher correlates the process of speech development of preschool children with the development of the motivational, cognitive, emotional-volitional sphere of the personality. The named areas of speech and general develop-ment of preschool children contribute to their preparation for learning to read in elementary school. The urgent problem of ensuring the continuity of preschool and primary education in the issue of teaching preschoolers and primary schoolchildren in initial reading is posed. The possibili-ties of using various methods of teaching initial reading, depending on the writing system, are ana-lyzed. Conclusions on the problem under study are associated with the development of phonemic hearing, the formation of a broad orientation of children in linguistic reality, with the skills of sound analysis and synthesis. The novelty of the research is the idea of the possibility of special training and teaching older preschoolers to initial reading based on the development of a value attitude to language and speech during preschool childhood, on the basis of psychological and pedagogical diagnostics. Arguments in favor of preschool reading teaching are associated with sufficient general and verbal development of modern children.

Logopedic technologies of positive socialization of preschool children with speech disorder development

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Olga Yurievna Muller
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Speech Disorder ◽  
Tech Nologies ◽  
Speech Therapist

The article reveals the features of the use of correctional and developmental massage in the work of a speech therapist with preschoolers. Teachers have a need for new studies of speech development of preschoolers and the use of new pedagogical tech- nologies. The urgency and importance of the issue served as the basis for the development of a system of speech therapy technology for the use of developing massage in speech therapy practice. On the basis of the studied methodological literature, the author has developed five blocks of complexes of games and exercises for developmental massage. At the beginning and at the end of the work, preschoolers were diagnosed, which made it possible to see that the developmental massage complexes created by the author allow correcting speech disorders effectively.

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