Marginal effect of selected characteristics on the likelihood of being displaced, 2000-12

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Marginal Effect

The Diagnosis of Lupus Anticoagulants by the Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time - The Central Role of Phosphatidyl Serine

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (02) ◽  
pp. 172-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
P R Kelsey ◽  
K J Stevenson ◽  
L Poller
Keyword(s):  
Screening Method ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Test System ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Constant Composition ◽  
Lupus Anticoagulants ◽  
Different Types

SummaryLiposomes of pure phospholipids were used in a modified APTT test system and the role of phosphatidyl serine (PS) in determining the sensitivity of the test system to the presence of lupus anticoagulants was assessed. Six consecutive patients with lupus anticoagulants and seven haemophiliacs with anticoagulants directed at specific coagulation factors, were studied. Increasing the concentration of phospholipid in the test system markedly reduced the sensitivity to lupus anticoagulants but had marginal effect on the specific factor inhibitors. The same effect was achieved when the content of PS alone was increased in a vehicle liposome of constant composition.The results suggest that the lupus anticoagulants can best be detected by a screening method using an APTT test with a reagent of low PS content. The use of a reagent rich in PS will largely abolish the lupus anticoagulant’s effect on the APTT. An approach using the two different types of reagent may facilitate differentiation of lupus inhibitors from other types of anticoagulant.

Optimal Inventory Policies for Price and Time Sensitive Demand under Advertisement

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nita Shah ◽  
Ekta Patel ◽  
Kavita Rabari
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Time ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Solution Procedure ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Deteriorating Items ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Total Profit ◽  
Back Order

Aims: This article analyzes an inventory system for deteriorating items. The demand is quadratic function of time and is dependent on time, price and advertisement. Shortages are allowed and partially backlogged. Background: Demand and pricing are the two most crucial factors in inventory policy for any business to be successful. In today’s era of competitive circumstances, any product is promoted through advertisement, which plays a vital role in changing the demand pattern among the community. The marketing and demonstration of an item by time-to-time with fashionable advertisements through well-known media such as TV, radio, newspaper, magazine, etc. However, this idea is not always true for some goods like wheat, vegetables, fruits, food grains, medicines and other perishable goods due to their deteriorating nature and this in turn decreases demand for such goods. Deterioration may define as decay, damage, spoilage, evaporation, obsolescence, pilferage. Hence, deterioration effect is a major part in inventory control theory. So in this article demand rate is considered to be a function of selling price, time and occurrence of advertisement instantaneously. Objective: A solution procedure is obtained to find optimal number of price changes and optimal selling price to maximize the total profit. Method: Classical Optimization. Result: From the sensitivity analysis table, it can be seen that the optimal profit is highly sensible to advertisement coefficient and purchase cost. With an increment in rate of deterioration, selling price decreases. Scale demand has reasonable effect on cycle time and selling price. When the value of increase, the cycle length and profit goes on decreasing. Growth in profit is observed if we increase parameter b, higher will be the profit. Price elasticity is sensible parameter with respect to selling price. If backlogging rate increases, the profit will decreases. The inventory parameters holding cost, back order cost and lost sale cost have marginal effect on total profit. Conclusion: In this article, an inventory model is proposed for deteriorating items with variable demand depends upon the advertisement, selling price of the item and time. Shortages are allowed and partially backlogged and backlogging rate depends on the waiting time for the next replenishment. From this article, we can conclude that the parameters are insensible with respect to optimal profit, cycle time and selling price and rest of the parameters have practical output on total profit.

(Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Banasik ◽  
Dariusz Jemielniak ◽  
Wojciech P?dzich
Keyword(s):  
Medical Condition ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Life Duration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Academic Teachers ◽  
Length Of Life ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND There have been mixed results of the studies checking whether prayers do actually extend the life duration of the people prayed for. Most studies on the topic included a small number of prayers and most of them focused on people already struggling with a medical condition. Intercessory prayer’s influence on health is of scholarly interest, yet it is unclear if its effect may be dependent on the number of prayers for a named individual received per annum. OBJECTIVE We sought to examine if there is a noticeable increased longevity effect of intercessory prayer for a named individual’s well-being, if he receives a very high number of prayers per annum for an extended period. METHODS We retrieved and conducted a statistical analysis of the data about the length of life for 857 Roman Catholic bishops, 500 Catholic priests, and 3038 male academics from the US, France, Italy, Poland, Brazil, and Mexico. We obtained information for these individuals who died between 1988 and 2018 from Wikidata, and conducted an observational cohort study. Bishops were chosen for the study, as they receive millions of individual prayers for well being, according to conservative estimates. RESULTS There was a main effect for occupation F(2, 4391) = 4.07, p = .017, ηp 2 = .002, with pairwise comparisons indicating significant differences between the mean life duration of bishops (M=30489) and of priests (M=29894), but none between the academic teachers (M=30147) and either of the other groups. A comparison analysis between bishops from the largest and the smallest dioceses showed no significant difference t(67.31)=1.61, p = .11. Our main outcome measure is covariance of the mean length of life in each of the categories: bishops, priests, academic teachers, controlled for nationality. CONCLUSIONS The first analysis proved that bishops live longer than priests, but due to a marginal effect size this result should be treated with caution. No difference was found between the mean length of life of bishops from the largest and the smallest dioceses. We found no difference between bishops and male academics. These results show that the impact of intercessory prayers on longevity is not observable.

scholarly journals Multivariate Abundance Analysis of Multi-Host/Multi-Parasite Lungworms in a Sympatric Wild Ruminant Population

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Tessa Carrau ◽  
Carlos Martínez-Carrasco ◽  
María Magdalena Garijo ◽  
Francisco Alonso ◽  
Rocío Ruiz de Ybáñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Level ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Wild Ruminant ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Parasite Abundance ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Natural Dynamics

In the analysis of a multi-host/multi-parasite system and its associated risk factors, it is particularly interesting to understand the natural dynamics among pathogens, their hosts, and the environment in wildlife populations. This analysis is particularly feasible in a scenario where multiple overlapping host populations are present in high densities, along with a complex community of parasites. We aimed to describe and analyze the naturally occurring lungworm polyparasitism in a wild ruminant community in Southeast Spain. The respiratory tracts of 250 specimens belonging to four different species (red deer, mouflon, Iberian ibex, and fallow deer) were studied. Almost half (48.0%) of the animals were infected with bronchopulmonary nematodes. Seven different nematodes were identified of which two genera (Protostrongylus spp. and Dictyocaulus spp.) and three additional species (Cystocaulus ocreatus, Muellerius capillaris, and Neostrongylus linearis) were recorded in at least two ruminants, with the mouflon as the commonest host. Our study shows a significant effect of host species and sampling area, plus a marginal effect of age, on parasite multivariate abundance at the host population level. Mouflon and adults of all hosts appear to carry the highest parasite load on average. From a spatial perspective, the highest parasite abundance was detected at the central part of the park.

scholarly journals Path Analysis for Binary Random Variables

2021 ◽  
pp. 004912412110312
Author(s):  
Martina Raggi ◽  
Elena Stanghellini ◽  
Marco Doretti
Keyword(s):  
Random Variables ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
P Values ◽  
Recursive System ◽  
Binary Random Variables ◽  
Log Odds ◽  
Research Questions

The decomposition of the overall effect of a treatment into direct and indirect effects is here investigated with reference to a recursive system of binary random variables. We show how, for the single mediator context, the marginal effect measured on the log odds scale can be written as the sum of the indirect and direct effects plus a residual term that vanishes under some specific conditions. We then extend our definitions to situations involving multiple mediators and address research questions concerning the decomposition of the total effect when some mediators on the pathway from the treatment to the outcome are marginalized over. Connections to the counterfactual definitions of the effects are also made. Data coming from an encouragement design on students’ attitude to visit museums in Florence, Italy, are reanalyzed. The estimates of the defined quantities are reported together with their standard errors to compute p values and form confidence intervals.

scholarly journals There and back again: analyzing the effect of outpatient readmission on the quality of life of patients attending a rheumatology clinic

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1759720X2110348
Author(s):  
Alfredo Madrid-García ◽  
Isabel Montuenga-Fernández ◽  
Judit Font-Urgelles ◽  
Leticia León-Mateos ◽  
Esperanza Pato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
P Value ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Rheumatology Clinic ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
San Carlos

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of “outpatient readmissions” on the health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) of outpatients from a rheumatology clinic, meaning the effect of the patient’s return to the outpatient clinic after having received care and been discharged. Methods: We conducted an observational longitudinal retrospective study, with patients selected from the Hospital Clínico San Carlos Musculoskeletal cohort, based on having received at least one discharge from the outpatient clinic and having returned (readmission) at least once after the discharge. The main outcomes were the patients’ baseline HR-QoL (measured on the first visit of each episode) and the ΔHR-QoL (difference between the HR-QoL in the last and the first visit of each episode). Successive episodes of admission and readmission were chronologically ordered, paired and analyzed using nested linear mixed models, nested by patients and by admission–readmission tandem. We carried out bivariable and multivariable analyses to assess the effect of demographic, clinical, treatment and comorbidity-related variables in both main outcomes. Results: For the first main outcome, 5887 patients (13,772 episodes) were analyzed. Based on the multivariable level, readmission showed no significant marginal effect on the baseline HR-QoL ( p-value = 0.17). Conversely, when analyzing the ΔHR-QoL, we did observe a negative and significant marginal effect ( p-value = 0.028), meaning that readmission was associated with a lower gain in the HR-QoL during the follow-up, compared with the previous episode. Conclusion: In the outpatient setting, readmission exerts a deleterious effect in patients undergoing this process. Identification of outpatients more likely to be readmitted could increase the value of the care provided.

scholarly journals Early Childhood Education and Adult Depression: An Attrition Reanalysis With Inverse Propensity Score Weighting

2020 ◽  
pp. 0193841X2097652
Author(s):  
Christina F. Mondi ◽  
Arthur J. Reynolds ◽  
Brandt A. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Alternative Analysis ◽  
Point Reduction ◽  
Program Selection ◽  
Matched Comparison

In a previous study of the Child-Parent Centers (CPC) education program, preschool participation was linked to a 4.6 percentage point reduction (26%) in depressive symptoms at ages 22–24 over the matched comparison group enrolling the usual programs. The present study reanalyzed these data in the Chicago Longitudinal Study to address potential attrition bias since more than a quarter of the sample was missing on the outcome. Using inverse probability weighting (IPW) involving 32 predictors of sample retention, findings for the 1,142 participants growing up in high-poverty neighborhoods indicated that CPC participation was associated with a 7.1 percentage point reduction (95% CI = [−9.7, −5.4]) in one or more depressive symptoms (39% reduction over the comparison group). Although this marginal effect was within the confidence interval of the original study (95% CI = [−9.5, 0.3]), the 54% increase in the point estimate is substantial and of practical significance, suggesting underestimation in the prior study. Alternative analysis of different predictors and IPW models, including adjustments for program selection and attrition together, yielded similar results. Findings indicate that high-quality early childhood programs continue to be an important strategy for the prevention of depression and its debilitating effects on individuals and families.

scholarly journals Economic policy uncertainty and investment in Spain

SERIEs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Dejuan-Bitria ◽  
Corinna Ghirelli
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Corporate Investment ◽  
Precautionary Savings ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Policy Uncertainty ◽  
Economic Policy Uncertainty ◽  
High Uncertainty

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of economic policy uncertainty on firms’ investment decisions. We focus on Spain for the period 1998–2014. To measure policy-related uncertainty, we borrow the economic policy uncertainty (EPU) indicator available for this country. We find strong evidence that uncertainty reduces corporate investment. This relationship appears to be nonlinear, being the marginal effect of uncertainty attenuated toward zero during periods of high uncertainty levels. Furthermore, the heterogeneous results suggest that the adverse effect of uncertainty is particularly relevant for highly vulnerable firms. Overall, these results are consistent with the hypotheses that economic policy-related uncertainty reduces corporate investment through increases in precautionary savings or to worsening of credit conditions.

scholarly journals The Tapio Decoupling Principle and Key Strategies for Changing Factors of Chinese Urban Carbon Footprint Based on Cloud Computing

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2101
Author(s):  
Min Shang ◽  
Ji Luo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
City Size ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Xi’An City

The expansion of Xi’an City has caused the consumption of energy and land resources, leading to serious environmental pollution problems. For this purpose, this study was carried out to measure the carbon carrying capacity, net carbon footprint and net carbon footprint pressure index of Xi’an City, and to characterize the carbon sequestration capacity of Xi’an ecosystem, thereby laying a foundation for developing comprehensive and reasonable low-carbon development measures. This study expects to provide a reference for China to develop a low-carbon economy through Tapio decoupling principle. The decoupling relationship between CO2 and driving factors was explored through Tapio decoupling model. The time-series data was used to calculate the carbon footprint. The auto-encoder in deep learning technology was combined with the parallel algorithm in cloud computing. A general multilayer perceptron neural network realized by a parallel BP learning algorithm was proposed based on Map-Reduce on a cloud computing cluster. A partial least squares (PLS) regression model was constructed to analyze driving factors. The results show that in terms of city size, the variable importance in projection (VIP) output of the urbanization rate has a strong inhibitory effect on carbon footprint growth, and the VIP value of permanent population ranks the last; in terms of economic development, the impact of fixed asset investment and added value of the secondary industry on carbon footprint ranks third and fourth. As a result, the marginal effect of carbon footprint is greater than that of economic growth after economic growth reaches a certain stage, revealing that the driving forces and mechanisms can promote the growth of urban space.

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