The Jobs Act and social security contribution (SSC) exemptions have jolted the labour market

Author(s):  
Claudia Pigini ◽  
Stefano Staffolani

AbstractA recent reform in the Italian labour market has modified the permanent contract by reducing firing costs. Using a discontinuity in the application of the reform, we evaluate its effect on the probability of being still employed about three and a half years later. In contrast with theoretical predictions, we find that the job survival probability is not smaller for the treated and even significantly larger in some cases. We investigate the composition of permanent workers hired after the reform and we find evidence of treated firms changing their recruitment strategy in favour of potentially more productive workers.


2021 ◽  
pp. 0143831X2110358
Author(s):  
Simon Ress ◽  
Florian Spohr

This contribution scrutinises how introducing a statutory minimum wage of EUR 8.50 per hour, in January 2015, impacted German employees’ decision with regard to union membership. Based on representative data from the Labour Market and Social Security panel, the study applies a logistic difference-in-differences propensity score matching approach on entries into and withdrawals from unions in the German Trade Union Confederation (Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund, DGB). The results show no separate effect on withdrawals from or entries into unions after the minimum wage introduction for those employees who benefited financially from it, but a significant increase of entries overall. Thus, unions’ campaign for a minimum wage strengthened their position in total but did not reverse the segmentation of union membership patterns.


2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Charlotte Ståhlberg

Different social security schemes affect men and women differently. This article compares the family or single earner model with the individual or dual earner model and examines their impact on gender inequality. However, even where social security schemes are designed to be gender neutral, when applied in a context that is systematically structured by gender, it points out that they will have a different impact on men and women. The article examines the ways in which supposedly gender-neutral rules, in sickness benefit, survivors' pensions and old age pensions have affected men and women in Sweden and concludes that, if countries wish to achieve equal economic outcomes for men and women, they will need to introduce measures to equalise men's and women's commitments to the home and the labour market, and to enable women to attain higher-paid jobs on the same basis as men.


Author(s):  
Francisca María Ferrando García

<p><strong>Resumen</strong> El presente trabajo versa sobre las últimas medidas legislativas introducidas a fin de garantizar los derechos a la maternidad y a la conciliación de la vida familiar y la actividad profesional de las trabajadoras autónomas, desde las perspectivas del principio de igualdad y de la promoción del autoempleo femenino. A tal fin, se estudian las escasas referencias a la conciliación en materia de jornada contenidas en la LETA. Especial atención merecen las bonificaciones en la cotización relacionadas con el ejercicio de sus derechos en materia de maternidad y conciliación, reguladas en los arts. 30, 38 y 38 <em>bis</em> LETA. Asimismo, se trata sobre la posibilidad de contratación de personas asalariadas por los TRADE, introducida en el art. 11.2.a) ET. Finalmente, se analizan las garantías previstas en el art. 15 LETA frente a la facultad de la empresa cliente de resolver el contrato con el TRADE, aspecto este último en el que se observa un claro paralelismo con el régimen aplicable al trabajo por cuenta ajena, a la vez que ciertas carencias que pueden ser consideradas contrarias a la Constitución Española. Todo ello, a la luz de las novedades introducidas por la Ley 6/2017, de Reformas Urgentes del Trabajo Autónomo.</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong> This paper studies the various mechanisms that the last legislative reforms have introduced in order to guarantee the right to motherhood and the reconciliation of family life and professional activity of self-employed women, both from the point of view of the principle of equality and from the perspective of the promotion of entrepreneurship and female self-employment. To this end, the paper reviews the few references to the conciliation in terms of working hours found in the LETA. Special attention deserve the Social Security contribution bonuses applicable to the hiring of employed persons by self-employed women to enable them to exercise their maternity and reconciliation rights, according to arts. 30, 38 and 38 <em>bis</em> LETA. Likewise, it deals with the possibility of hiring salaried persons by economically dependent workers, provided by. 11.2.a) ET. Finally, the guarantees introduced in art. 15 LETA as to the faculty of the client to resolve the contract with economically dependent workers, are analyzed, concluding the existence of a clear parallelism with the regime applicable to employment contract, while certain shortcomings that could be considered contrary to the Spanish Constitution. All this, in light of the reforms introduced by Act 6/2017, on Urgent Reforms of Autonomous Work.</p><p><strong>Key words </strong>Self-employed women motherhood, reconciliation of family life and the professional activity, Social Security contribution bonuses, female entrepreneurship, economically dependent workers<strong></strong></p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 02059
Author(s):  
Haizhu Zhao ◽  
Lianhua Luo

With the government setting stricter standard on carbon emission, enterprises are facing more environmental pressure and cost these years. At the same time, China’s State Council has officially announced a further reducing the social security contribution rate from May 1, 2019, it is worthy of assessing that if the reduction would decompress enterprises and promote labor demand. Our results shows that social security contribution rate does not have significantly impacts on enterprises’ labor demand overall. However, when wage and benefit are controlled, it has a direct impact on labor demand. Basic regression and heterogeneity analysis both confirm it. Wage and benefit play intermediary roles as the results show. Social security contribution rate has negatively impact on wage and benefit, which help to keep the total labor remuneration and then labor demand unchanged. State-owned and private enterprises show similar results. However, laborintensive and non-labor-intensive enterprises show slightly different results.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-168
Author(s):  
Maria Tereza Carinci

1. The new "indefinite contract with increasing protection" (contratto di lavoro a tempo indeterminato a tutele crescenti): a captivating formula conceals pejorative rules on dismissal in indefinite contracts. – 2. Reduced protection for dismissal and effects on the employment contract structure: the employer's strengthened power (of withdrawal and disciplinary) and the resulting employee interest squeeze. 3. Indefinite contracts and the employer's strengthened powers in performing the employment: ius variandi and control power. 4. A new central position for indefinite contracts within the 'flexible' contract framework? 5. "In the spirit of flexibility": a solution for which problems?


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