scholarly journals Diversidade Genética Entre Acessos de Mandioca Por Meio de Caracteres Agronômicos

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Pedro Paulo Vilela Barros ◽  
Jorge González Aguilera ◽  
Jhonatans Rodrigues Molina Rezende ◽  
Aline Cordeiro Taveira ◽  
Werverth Costa Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Principal Coordinate Analysis ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Pearson Correlation Analysis ◽  
On Farm

Neste estudo se estimou a diversidade genética de acessos de mandioca coletados em Chapadão do Sul – MS, por meio de nove descritores qualitativos e quatro quantitativos. Após 60 dias de germinados os acessos, os descritores propostos foram avaliados. Os dados foram submetidos às análises de agrupamento pelo método de Tocher modificado, análises de correlações de Pearson e análise das componentes principais (ACPs). As análises revelaram a existência de diversidade genética no germoplasma considerando as duas classes de dados, além de correlações positivas e negativas significativas (P<0.001). Observou-se no agrupamento de Tocher Modificado a formação de seis agrupamentos, e os acessos 1 e 15 como os mais contrastantes. O ACPs confirmou a variabilidade genética dos acessos, explicando 52,14% da variabilidade nos dois primeiros ACPs. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, é possível praticar seleção em estádios inicias do desenvolvimento da cultura com fins de pré-melhoramento, expressando-se a partir dos descritores testados a diversidade da cultura mantida em condições “on farm”. Dos métodos empregados, o de ACPs é o método mais eficiente para estudar a diversidade genética de plantas de mandioca no banco de germoplasma. Palavras-chave: Manihot esculenta. Descritores Quantitativos e Qualitativos. Agrupamento, Multivariado. On Farm.         Abstract This study estimated the genetic diversity of cassava accessions collected in Chapadão do Sul - MS, through nine qualitative and four quantitative descriptors. After 60 daysof the accessions germination, the proposed descriptors were evaluated. Data were submitted to cluster analysis by the Modified Tocher method, Pearson correlation analysis and Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA). The analyzes revealed the existence of genetic diversity in the germplasm considering both data classes, as well as significant positive and negative correlations (P<0.001). In the Modified Tocher grouping, six clusters were formed, with the accessions 1 and 15 as the most contrasting ones. The PCoA confirmed the genetic variability of the accessions, explaining 52.14% of the variability in the first two PCoAs. According to the results obtained, it is possible to practice selection in early stages of crop development for pre-breeding purposes, expressing from the tested descriptors the diversity of the culture maintained under  farm conditions. Of the methods employed, PCoA is the most efficient method for studying the genetic diversity of cassava plants in the germplasm bank. Keywords: Manihot Esculenta. Quantitative and Qualitative Descriptors. Clustering, Multivariate. On Farm.  

scholarly journals Genetic variability and relationship among different accessions of Froriepia subpinata Bail (Gijavash) an endangered medicinal plant from Iran revealed by ISSR and IRAP markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Jorkesh ◽  
Yousef Hamidoghli ◽  
Jamalali Olfati ◽  
Habibollah Samizadeh ◽  
Davood Bakhshi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Polymorphic Band ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Endangered Medicinal Plant ◽  
Irap Markers

The genetic variability of Froriepia subpinata Ledeb. Bail., an endangered Iranian endemic species, has been estimated with a total of 52 accessions using 20 markers including ISSR and IRAP. The results showed the polymorphic band produced by primers was 82.3%. The best mean values of genetic diversity parameters observed in ISSRs markers, being UBC873, UBC811, and UBC873 the best primers tested. The similarity range among accessions was 34.45% to 93.3%. The cluster analysis classified the accessions into five main groups that in totally, accessions with similarity in region generally were clustered in the same group. Overall, present study could provide elementary information for formulation of conservation strategies and invaluable elementary genetic information for next breeding or designing conservation programs.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of pomegranate germplasm collection from Spain determined by fruit, seed, leaf and flower characteristics

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan José Martínez ◽  
Pablo Melgarejo ◽  
Pilar Legua ◽  
Francisco García ◽  
Francisca Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Germplasm Management ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Improvement Programs

Background . Miguel Hernandez University ( Spain ) created a germplasm bank of the varieties of pomegranate from different Southeastern Spain localities in order to preserve the crop’s wide genetic diversity. Once this collection was established, the next step was to characterize the phenotype of these varieties to determine the phenotypic variability that existed among all the different pomegranate genotypes, and to understand the degree of polymorphism of the morphometric characteristics among varieties. Methods. Fifty-three pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) accessions were studied in order to determine their degree of polymorphism and to detect similarities in their genotypes. Thirty-one morphometric characteristics were measured in fruits, arils, seeds, leaves and flowers, as well as juice characteristics including content, pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids and maturity index. ANOVA, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis showed that there was a considerable phenotypic diversity (and presumably genetic). Results. The cluster analysis produced a dendrogram with four main clusters. The dissimilarity level ranged from 1 to 25, indicating that there were varieties that were either very similar or very different from each other, with varieties from the same geographical areas being more closely related. Within each varietal group, different degrees of similarity were found, although there were no accessions that were identical. These results highlight the crop’s great genetic diversity, which can be explained not only by their different geographical origins, but also to the fact that these are native plants that have not come from genetic improvement programs. The geographic origin could be, in the cases where no exchanges of plant material took place, a key criterion for cultivar clustering. Conclusions. As a result of the present study, we can conclude that among all the parameters analyzed, those related to fruit and seed size as well as the juice’s acidity and pH had the highest power of discrimination, and were, therefore, the most useful for genetic characterization of this pomegranate germplasm banks. This is opposed to leaf and flower characteristics, which had a low power of discrimination. This germplasm bank, more specifically, was characterized by its considerable phenotypic (and presumably genetic) diversity among pomegranate accessions, with a greater proximity existing among the varieties from the same geographical area, suggesting that over time, there had not been an exchange of plant material among the different cultivation areas. In summary, knowledge on the extent of the genetic diversity of the collection is essential for germplasm management. In this study, these data may help in developing strategies for pomegranate germplasm management and may allow for more efficient use of this germplasm in future breeding programs for this species.

scholarly journals Genetic variation in the emblematic Puya raimondii (Bromeliaceae) from Huascarán National Park, Peru

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Teresa Hornung-Leoni ◽  
Victoria Sosa ◽  
June Simpson ◽  
Katia Gil
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
National Park ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Mountain Systems

Puya raimondii, the giant Peruvian and Bolivian terrestrial bromeliad, is an emblematic endemic Andean species well represented in Huascarán National Park in Peru. This park is the largest reserve of puna (high altitude plateau) vegetation. The objective of this study is to report on genetic variation in populations of P. raimondii from Huascarán and neighboring areas. AFLP profiles with four selective primer combinations were retrieved for 60 individuals from different zones. Genetic variability was estimated and a total of 172 bands were detected, of which 79.1% were polymorphic loci. The results showed genetic differentiation among populations, and gene flow. A cluster analysis showed that individuals of P. raimondii populations located in different mountain systems could be grouped together, suggesting long distance dispersal. Thus, conservation strategies for P. raimondii have to take into account exchange between populations located far apart in distance in order to preserve the genetic diversity of this showy species.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity characterization of cassava cultivars (Manihot esculenta Crantz).: I) RAPD markers

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Colombo ◽  
Gérard Second ◽  
Tereza Losada Valle ◽  
André Charrier
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Important Resource ◽  
Flour Production

RAPD markers were used to investigate the genetic diversity of 31 Brazilian cassava clones. The results were compared with the genetic diversity revealed by botanical descriptors. Both sets of variates revealed identical relationships among the cultivars. Multivariate analysis of genetic similarities placed genotypes destinated for consumption "in nature" in one group, and cultivars useful for flour production in another. Brazil’s abundance of landraces presents a broad dispersion and is consequently an important resource of genetic variability. The botanical descriptors were not able to differentiate thirteen pairs of cultivars compared two-by-two, while only one was not differentiated by RAPD markers. These results showed the power of RAPD markers over botanical descriptors in studying genetic diversity, identifying duplicates, as well as validating, or improving a core collection. The latter is particularly important in this vegetatively propagated crop.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of the floury race of maize Avati Morotî from the Guaraní tribe in Paraguay

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. e0707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlando Noldin ◽  
Pedro Revilla ◽  
Bernardo Ordás
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Polymorphic Locus ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
South American ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Simple Sequence

Avati Morotî is a race of floury maize widely used by the Guarani people in South America, whose variability and potential value for breeding has been neglected so far. The objective of this research was to explore the genetic variability within the main Paraguayan race Avati Morotî. We studied the genetic variability available in the 20 accessions of Paraguayan Avati Morotî included in the South American core collection made by CIMMYT. Thirty individuals per accession were genotyped with 30 SSR (simple sequence repeat); we determined genetic diversity and made a cluster analysis in order to define genetic relationships among accessions. Mean of polymorphic loci (0.96), alleles per locus (3.57), alleles per polymorphic locus (3.65), expected (0.48) and observed (0.43) heterozygosity, and coefficient of consanguinity (0.12) revealed that Avati Morotî contains a genetic diversity comparable to the most variable maize races of maize. The cluster analysis classified the 20 populations in eight groups, five of them with a single accession, and a large group representing a central pool of germplasm. These results indicate that there is a large variability available in this race, and encourage the collection of more samples of Avati Morotî, particularly in marginal areas that were scarcely sampled.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Llamas (Lama glama) from the Camelid Germplasm Bank—Quimsachata

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
Gabriela F. Paredes ◽  
Claudia E. Yalta-Macedo ◽  
Gustavo A. Gutierrez ◽  
Eudosio A. Veli-Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
South American ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Genetic Stock ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Lama Glama ◽  
Global Population

Llamas (Lama glama) are invaluable resources of Peru. Despite their importance, their population is decreasing. The Camelid Germplasm Bank—Quimsachata was created as a guardian of this South American camelid (SAC) species and established a bank of llamas from their two types, Ch’aku and Q’ara. However, these populations need to present high genetic diversity to be considered suitable conservation stocks. Thus, in the present study, 13 microsatellites specific for the SAC were used to assess the current genetic variability and differentiation of the llama population from the Bank. The global population showed high genetic diversity with a total of 157 different alleles, with an average of 12.08 alleles per microsatellite, an expected and observed heterozygosity of 0.758 and 0.707, respectively, and an average polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.723. Although considered as two different breeds and managed separately, the genetic differentiation between Ch’aku and Q’ara was low (FST = 0.01). Accordingly, the gene flow value was high (Nm = 30.5). Overall, our results indicate the existence of high genetic variation among individuals, and thus, this llama population could be considered a suitable genetic stock for their conservation and for sustainability programs. Additionally, the 13 microsatellites can be used to study other Peruvian llama populations and monitor the genetic variability of llamas from the Camelid Germplasm Bank—Quimsachata.

Assessment of genetic diversity in Australian canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars using SSR markers

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wang ◽  
S. Kaur ◽  
N. O. I. Cogan ◽  
M. P. Dobrowolski ◽  
P. A. Salisbury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Ssr Marker ◽  
Principal Coordinate Analysis ◽  
Pedigree Structure ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Cultivar Variation ◽  
Simple Sequence

Australian canola (Brassica napus L.) has been relatively isolated from the global gene pool and limited knowledge is available for genetic variability based on DNA profiling. In the present study, genetic diversity of recent Australian canola cultivars was determined by simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker analysis. In total, 405 individuals from 48 varieties were genotyped with 18 primer pairs, resulting in 112 polymorphic features. The number of polymorphic features amplified by each SSR primer pair varied from 3 to 16. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) detected 53.7% and 46.3% within- and between-cultivar variation, respectively. Intra-cultivar genetic variability differed according to cultivar. The number of polymorphic features per cultivar varied from 35 (Ag-Spectrum) to 72 (Ag-Insignia), while mean sum of squares (MSS) varied from 6.29 (Tornado TT) to 24.76 (Ag-Emblem). Genetic differentiation of cultivars generally reflected pedigree structure and origin by breeding organisation. Clustering and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) indicated that the individuals were separated into 4 major groups. The genetic diversity information from this study will be useful for future Australian canola breeding programs.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and relatedness within and between species of the genus Oligoryzomys (Rodentia; Sigmodontinae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Trott ◽  
SM. Callegari-Jacques ◽  
LFB. Oliveira ◽  
A. Langguth ◽  
MS. Mattevi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Atlantic Rain Forest

A RAPD analysis on six species of the rodent genus Oligoryzomys trapped in a wide area (ranging from 01° N to 32° S) of Brazilian territory was performed in order to determine the levels of genetic variability within and between its populations and species. One-hundred and ninety-three animals were collected in 13 different sites (corresponding to 17 samples) located at Pampas, Atlantic Rain Forest, Cerrado, and Amazon domains. Oligoryzomys sp., O. nigripes (8 populations), O. flavescens (4 populations), O. moojeni, O. stramineus, and O. fornesi were the taxa analyzed. Of the 20 primers tested, 4 generated a total of 75 polymorphic products simultaneously amplified in 151 specimens. Various diversity estimators analyzed showed considerable differences between species and populations, indicating a great genetic variation occurring in the Oligoryzomys taxa investigated. A cluster analysis was made using Nei's standard genetic distances, however, it did not correlate the genetic heterogeneity of the species and populations with the geographical areas.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of pomegranate germplasm collection from Spain determined by fruit, seed, leaf and flower characteristics

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan José Martínez ◽  
Pablo Melgarejo ◽  
Pilar Legua ◽  
Francisco García ◽  
Francisca Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Germplasm Management ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Improvement Programs

Background . Miguel Hernandez University ( Spain ) created a germplasm bank of the varieties of pomegranate from different Southeastern Spain localities in order to preserve the crop’s wide genetic diversity. Once this collection was established, the next step was to characterize the phenotype of these varieties to determine the phenotypic variability that existed among all the different pomegranate genotypes, and to understand the degree of polymorphism of the morphometric characteristics among varieties. Methods. Fifty-three pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) accessions were studied in order to determine their degree of polymorphism and to detect similarities in their genotypes. Thirty-one morphometric characteristics were measured in fruits, arils, seeds, leaves and flowers, as well as juice characteristics including content, pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids and maturity index. ANOVA, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis showed that there was a considerable phenotypic diversity (and presumably genetic). Results. The cluster analysis produced a dendrogram with four main clusters. The dissimilarity level ranged from 1 to 25, indicating that there were varieties that were either very similar or very different from each other, with varieties from the same geographical areas being more closely related. Within each varietal group, different degrees of similarity were found, although there were no accessions that were identical. These results highlight the crop’s great genetic diversity, which can be explained not only by their different geographical origins, but also to the fact that these are native plants that have not come from genetic improvement programs. The geographic origin could be, in the cases where no exchanges of plant material took place, a key criterion for cultivar clustering. Conclusions. As a result of the present study, we can conclude that among all the parameters analyzed, those related to fruit and seed size as well as the juice’s acidity and pH had the highest power of discrimination, and were, therefore, the most useful for genetic characterization of this pomegranate germplasm banks. This is opposed to leaf and flower characteristics, which had a low power of discrimination. This germplasm bank, more specifically, was characterized by its considerable phenotypic (and presumably genetic) diversity among pomegranate accessions, with a greater proximity existing among the varieties from the same geographical area, suggesting that over time, there had not been an exchange of plant material among the different cultivation areas. In summary, knowledge on the extent of the genetic diversity of the collection is essential for germplasm management. In this study, these data may help in developing strategies for pomegranate germplasm management and may allow for more efficient use of this germplasm in future breeding programs for this species.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of pomegranate germplasm collection from Spain determined by fruit, seed, leaf and flower characteristics

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan J. Martinez-Nicolas ◽  
Pablo Melgarejo ◽  
Pilar Legua ◽  
Francisco Garcia-Sanchez ◽  
Francisca Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Germplasm Management ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Improvement Programs

Background.Miguel Hernandez University (Spain) created a germplasm bank of the varieties of pomegranate from different Southeastern Spain localities in order to preserve the crop’s wide genetic diversity. Once this collection was established, the next step was to characterize the phenotype of these varieties to determine the phenotypic variability that existed among all the different pomegranate genotypes, and to understand the degree of polymorphism of the morphometric characteristics among varieties.Methods.Fifty-three pomegranate (Punica granatumL.) accessions were studied in order to determine their degree of polymorphism and to detect similarities in their genotypes. Thirty-one morphometric characteristics were measured in fruits, arils, seeds, leaves and flowers, as well as juice characteristics including content, pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids and maturity index. ANOVA, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis showed that there was a considerable phenotypic diversity (and presumably genetic).Results.The cluster analysis produced a dendrogram with four main clusters. The dissimilarity level ranged from 1 to 25, indicating that there were varieties that were either very similar or very different from each other, with varieties from the same geographical areas being more closely related. Within each varietal group, different degrees of similarity were found, although there were no accessions that were identical. These results highlight the crop’s great genetic diversity, which can be explained not only by their different geographical origins, but also to the fact that these are native plants that have not come from genetic improvement programs. The geographic origin could be, in the cases where no exchanges of plant material took place, a key criterion for cultivar clustering.Conclusions.As a result of the present study, we can conclude that among all the parameters analyzed, those related to fruit and seed size as well as the juice’s acidity and pH had the highest power of discrimination, and were, therefore, the most useful for genetic characterization of this pomegranate germplasm banks. This is opposed to leaf and flower characteristics, which had a low power of discrimination. This germplasm bank, more specifically, was characterized by its considerable phenotypic (and presumably genetic) diversity among pomegranate accessions, with a greater proximity existing among the varieties from the same geographical area, suggesting that over time, there had not been an exchange of plant material among the different cultivation areas. In summary, knowledge on the extent of the genetic diversity of the collection is essential for germplasm management. In this study, these data may help in developing strategies for pomegranate germplasm management and may allow for more efficient use of this germplasm in future breeding programs for this species.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document