Disease Update on Human Tear Proteome

2013 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piera Versura ◽  
Emilio C Campos ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Newtonian Fluid ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Potential Clinical Application ◽  
Recent Advances

Tear film is a thin layer of non-newtonian fluid covering and protecting cornea and conjunctiva epithelia. The multifaced functions of tears are reflected by their complex structure and advances in proteomics/metabolomics/lipidomics technologies have greatly deepened the knowledge of the chemical composition of tears. The purpose of this article is to survey recent advances in proteomic analysis of human tears and to summarise the most relevant proteins proposed as biomarkers in dry eye. Besides, the potential clinical application of these biomarkers is discussed.

scholarly journals The Physiology of Tear Film

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Kayal
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Layered Structure ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Conjunctival Epithelium ◽  
Optical Medium ◽  
Homeostatic Process ◽  
Structure Lipid ◽  
Immunological Factors

The precorneal tear film is a thin layer, about 2–5.5 μm thick, which overlays the corneal and conjunctival epithelium. It functions to lubricate and protect the corneal and eyelid interface from environmental and immunological factors as well as provide an optical medium. The tear film is depicted as a three-layered structure: lipid, aqueous, and mucous layers. Within each layer possesses a different composition which dictates its function. In common between the three layers are their homeostatic process of evaporation and drainage. Any dysfunction in either of the layers can result in Dry Eye Syndrome (DES). The composition, regulation, and pathology of tear film will be discussed in this chapter.

Applications of Photoelectron Microscopy

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 506-507
Author(s):  
William J. Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Edge Effects ◽  
Electron Optics ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Crystalline Orientation ◽  
Fluorescent Screen

In this form of electron microscopy, photoelectrons emitted from a metal by ultraviolet radiation are accelerated and imaged onto a fluorescent screen by conventional electron optics. image contrast is determined by spatial variations in the intensity of the photoemission. The dominant source of contrast is due to changes in the photoelectric work function, between surfaces of different crystalline orientation, or different chemical composition. Topographical variations produce a relatively weak contrast due to shadowing and edge effects.Since the photoelectrons originate from the surface layers (e.g. ∼5-10 nm for metals), photoelectron microscopy is surface sensitive. Thus to see the microstructure of a metal the thin layer (∼3 nm) of surface oxide must be removed, either by ion bombardment or by thermal decomposition in the vacuum of the microscope.

Recent advances on exosomes isolation methods and proteomic analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1131
Author(s):  
Yejing WENG ◽  
Zhigang SUI ◽  
Lihua ZHANG ◽  
Yukui ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Isolation Methods

Limitations and Potential Clinical Application on Contrast Echocardiography

2009 ◽  
Vol 999 (999) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Elisa Modonesi ◽  
Manrico Balbi ◽  
Gian Paolo Bezante
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Application ◽  
Contrast Echocardiography ◽  
Potential Clinical Application

Ayurvedic Management of Dry Eye Sydrome - A Case Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemalatha S. ◽  
Rati S.
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Treatment Modality ◽  
Similar Condition ◽  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Dry Out ◽  
Tear Substitute

Dry eye syndrome is a common condition that results from reduced tear production or excessive tear evaporation or an abnormality in the production of mucus or lipids normally found in the tear layer or combination of these. If blinking is decreased or if the eyelids cannot be closed, they may dry out leading to dry eye. It is accompanied by increased osmolarity of the tear film and inflammation on the surface of the eye may occur of left untreated leading to pain, ulcers or scars on the cornea and loss of vision. Prevalence of dry eye range from 5% to 35% worldwide while in India it is 29.25%. Tear substitute are the only treatment modality with modern medicine, only providing symptomatic relief. Ayurveda describes similar condition called Sushkakshi Paka and this patient was treated with Tarpana and Nasya with Jeevantyadi Ghrita.

scholarly journals Tear Proteomics Study of Dry Eye Disease: Which Eye Do You Adopt as the Representative Eye for the Study?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 422
Author(s):  
Ming-Tse Kuo ◽  
Po-Chiung Fang ◽  
Shu-Fang Kuo ◽  
Alexander Chen ◽  
Yu-Ting Huang
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Mechanistic Studies ◽  
Clinical Tests ◽  
Tear Proteins ◽  
Proteomic Data ◽  
Surface Performance

Most studies about dry eye disease (DED) chose unilateral eye for investigation and drew conclusions based on monocular results, whereas most studies involving tear proteomics were based on the results of pooling tears from a group of DED patients. Patients with DED were consecutively enrolled for binocular clinical tests, tear biochemical markers of DED, and tear proteome. We found that bilateral eyes of DED patients may have similar but different ocular surface performance and tear proteome. Most ocular surface homeostatic markers and tear biomarkers were not significantly different in the bilateral eyes of DED subjects, and most clinical parameters and tear biomarkers were correlated significantly between bilateral eyes. However, discrepant binocular presentation in the markers of ocular surface homeostasis and the associations with tear proteins suggested that one eye’s performance cannot represent that of the other eye or both eyes. Therefore, in studies for elucidating tear film homeostasis of DED, we may lose some important messages hidden in the fellow eye if we collected clinical and proteomic data only from a unilateral eye. For mechanistic studies, it is recommended that researchers collect tear samples from the eye with more severe DED under sensitive criteria for identifying the more severe eye and evaluating the tear biochemical and proteomic markers with binocular concordance drawn in prior binocular studies.

A distinct cytokines profile in tear film of dry eye disease (DED) patients with HIV infection

Cytokine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupesh Agrawal ◽  
Praveen Kumar Balne ◽  
Anuradha Veerappan ◽  
Veonice Bijin Au ◽  
Bernett Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease
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