Triglyceride Management in Cardiovascular Risk Reduction

2005 ◽  
Vol 00 (01) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Michael Miller
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Ldl Particles

Elevated triglycerides are now considered an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD), even apart from elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. While the primary lipid target for CHD risk management remains LDL cholesterol, the treatment of elevated triglycerides is now also recommended. Elevated triglycerides are believed to increase cardiovascular risk because certain triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, called remnant lipoproteins (partially degraded chylomicrons and very-low density lipoproteins (VLDL)), are atherogenic. Hypertri-glyceridemia, together with low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and an increased prevalence of small, dense LDL particles, comprise a triad of lipid risk factors known as atherogenic dyslipidemia.The significance of hypertriglyceridemia as a cardiovascular risk factor is further highlighted by its inclusion as a component of the metabolic syndrome, a cluster of metabolic abnormalities, related to insulin resistance. The other criteria for metabolic syndrome include low HDL cholesterol, central obesity, elevated blood pressure, and abnormal fasting glucose. The metabolic syndrome is recognized as a major risk factor not only for premature CHD but also for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Fenofibrates and the Prevention of Cardiovascular Risk

2006 ◽  
Vol 00 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Chronic Heart Disease ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
Remnant Lipoproteins

While the primary lipid target for chronic heart disease (CHD) risk management remains low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or ‘bad’ cholesterol, the treatment of elevated triglyceride (TG) is now also recommended. Elevated TG is believed to increase cardiovascular risk because certain TG-rich lipoproteins, called remnant lipoproteins—partially degraded chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL)—are atherogenic. Hypertriglyceridemia, together with low levels of highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) or ‘good’ cholesterol and an increased prevalence of small, dense LDL particles, comprise a triad of lipid risk factors known as atherogenic dyslipidemia.

Platelet Aggregation and Plasma Lipoproteins in Alcoholics During Alcohol Withdrawal

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (02) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Desai ◽  
J S Owen ◽  
D T Wilson ◽  
R A Hutton
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Lipoprotein ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Content ◽  
Low Density

SummaryPlatelet aggregation, platelet lipid composition and plasma lipoprotein concentrations were measured each week in a group of seventeen alcoholics, without overt liver disease, for one month, following acute, total alcohol withdrawal. The platelets were initially hypoaggregable but, within 1-2 weeks of cessation of drinking, they became hyperaggregable and then gradually returned towards normal values. Hyperaggregability could not be explained by increases in either the cholesterol or the arachidonic acid content of the platelets. Plasma very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels remained high throughout the study, but the initially raised levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol fell by 26%. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration rose by 10% after two weeks of withdrawal but then returned to about the starting level. The resulting changes in the plasma LDL-cholesterol: HDL-cholesterol ratio, which had increased by more than 50% after two weeks of abstinence, essentially paralleled the time course of enhanced platelet reactivity in all but four of the alcoholics. These findings suggest that alterations in plasma lipoprotein concentrations during acute alcohol withdrawal may be a contributory factor to the haemostatic disorders present in such patients.

Cardiovascular Risk Assessement in Osteoporotic Patients Using Osteoprotegerin as a Reliable Predictive Biochemical Marker

2018 ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Noora Wael Rasheed ◽  
Ooroba Jameel Taresh
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Predictive Marker ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Arterial Calcification ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

       Some studies indicated a relationship between increased serum levels of osteoprotegerin with arterial calcification and as a result, it leads to the risk of cardiovascular disease. In our study group we selected patients with osteoporosis, with similar age and body mass index for the assessment of the relationship between cardiovascular disease and osteoprotegerin serum level. We took into account the analysis of correlation and association between the presence of distinct patterns of atherosclerosis and associated diseases like high blood pressure,  diabetes mellitus, low HDL cholesterol, increased LDL cholesterol, increased triglycerides and was the case of presence of any type of dyslipidemia, in case of pre-existent treatment. Objective of study was the assessment of osteoprotegerin value as predictive marker for cardiovascular and metabolic risk in osteoporotic patients. Our results showed significant correlations of parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin and biochemical markers of bone with glucose metabolism and lipid were found in our research, maintaining crosstalk between calcium and biochemical markers of bone and cardiovascular risk. The serum level of Osteoprotegerin has been shown to have a large predictive value for the metabolic syndrome as a cardiovascular risk standard in patients with osteoporosis. The osteoprotegerin serum levels were increased in the patients with metabolic syndrome as a protective response facing the atherosclerotic lesions.

Effect of the periparturient period on serum lipid and cholesterol lipoprotein concentrations in goats (Capra hircus)

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Skotnicka ◽  
Zbigniew Muszczyński ◽  
Maria Suska
Keyword(s):  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Periparturient Period

Blood samples were taken from 12 goats during the periparturient period (4 and 1 weeks before and 2, 10 and 30 days after delivery), and from 10 nonpregnant goats. The following variables were determined: total lipids (TL), triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TCH) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol fractions. One week before delivery TL (2.32 ± 0.12 g/l, P ≤ 0.05), TG (0.32 ± 0.16 mmol/l, P ≤ 0.001) and TCH concentrations (1.65 ± 0.42 mmol/l, P ≤ 0.05) were significantly increased as compared to non-pregnant goats (2.08 ± 0.28 g/l, 0.15 ± 0.05 mmol/l, 1.38 ± 0.19 mmol/l, respectively). After delivery, the concentrations of TL, TG, TCH and HDL decreased significantly. The lowest TG concentration was observed 2 days after delivery (0.18 ± 0.02 mmol/l), while TL (1.73 ± 0.21 g/l), TCH (0.95 ± 0.21 mmol/l) and HDL (0.74 ± 0.16 mmol/l) reached the lowest level 10 days after delivery. Two days after delivery a significant increase of LDL concentration was observed (0.38 ± 0.04 mmol/l); however, ten days after delivery a threefold decrease was shown in the LDL concentration (0.12 ± 0.04 mmol/l). A month after delivery all the variables studied reached levels similar to those measured in non-pregnant goats.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATA N EKSTRAK DAUN WUNGU {Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff.} UNTUK PENURUNAN KADAR KOLESTEROL SERUM DARAH MENCIT BETINA YANG DIOVARIEKTOMI

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
Listijani Suhargo
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Ovariectomized Mice

The purpose of this research was conducted to evaluate the effects of daun wungu extracts to decrease total cholesterol, LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) and HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) cholesterol of ovariectomized mice. This research used 24 ovariectomized mice and 8 normal mice. The ovariectomized mice were grouped in 3 groups for K1 (the treatment with aquadest, 0.05 ml), K2 (the treatment with fish oil, 0.05 ml) and P (the treatment with daun wungu extracts, 0.5 mg in 0.05 ml fish oil). All treatments were done for 20 days. At the end of the treatments, the blood (0.5 ml) was taken from cardiac by tuberculin disposable syringe. And then with fotometry, serum total, LDL and HDL cholesterol were measured. The result of this research showed that daun wungu extracts (0.5 mg in 0.05 ml fish oil) could not decrease HDL cholesterol, but it could decrease total and LDL cholesterol of blood serum in ovariectomized mice.

Role of nicotinic acid in raising high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) to reduce cardiovascular risk: an Asian/Pacific consensus

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. S1-S15
Author(s):  
Philip Barter
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention

ardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Asia, and the burden of disease is expected to rise further in the 21st century. As in Western populations, dyslipidaemia is an important cardiovascular risk factor in Asian people. International guidelines focus on reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) for prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, increasing body mass index and prevalence of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in Asia have highlighted the importance of low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) as a coronary risk factor. Therapeutic lifestyle changes and pharmacological intervention aimed at raising HDL-C, should benefit such patients. Weight loss and physical However, to achieve target HDL-C levels exercise are important interventions for raising HDL-C. pharmacological intervention is usually necessary. Current treatment options include statins, fibrates and nicotinic acid, either as monotherapy or in combination. Statins are generally regarded as the foundation of lipid-modifying therapy. Mainly via reduction of LDL-C. Both fibrates and nicotinic acidare effective in raising HDL-C levels, and reducing triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. The efficacy and safety profile of nicotinic acid demonstrated in Western populations indicates the clinical benefits of this therapy either alone or in combination with a statin. Based on the available evidence, the Pan-Asian Consensus Panel recommends that HDL-C levels should be raised to at least 1.0 mmol/L (40 mg/dL) in Asian patients with CHD or with a high level of risk for premature vascular disease, including patients at high risk with type 2 diabetes or the metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Lifestyle and impact on cardiovascular risk factor control in coronary patients across 27 countries: Results from the European Society of Cardiology ESC-EORP EUROASPIRE V registry

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 824-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kornelia Kotseva ◽  
Guy De Backer ◽  
Dirk De Bacquer ◽  
Lars Rydén ◽  
Arno Hoes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cardiovascular Prevention ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Coronary Patients

Aims The aim of this study was to determine whether the Joint European Societies guidelines on secondary cardiovascular prevention are followed in everyday practice. Design A cross-sectional ESC-EORP survey (EUROASPIRE V) at 131 centres in 81 regions in 27 countries. Methods Patients (<80 years old) with verified coronary artery events or interventions were interviewed and examined ≥6 months later. Results A total of 8261 patients (females 26%) were interviewed. Nineteen per cent smoked and 55% of them were persistent smokers, 38% were obese (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2), 59% were centrally obese (waist circumference: men ≥102 cm; women ≥88 cm) while 66% were physically active <30 min 5 times/week. Forty-two per cent had a blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg (≥140/85 if diabetic), 71% had low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥1.8 mmol/L (≥70 mg/dL) and 29% reported having diabetes. Cardioprotective medication was: anti-platelets 93%, beta-blockers 81%, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers 75% and statins 80%. Conclusion A large majority of coronary patients have unhealthy lifestyles in terms of smoking, diet and sedentary behaviour, which adversely impacts major cardiovascular risk factors. A majority did not achieve their blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glucose targets. Cardiovascular prevention requires modern preventive cardiology programmes delivered by interdisciplinary teams of healthcare professionals addressing all aspects of lifestyle and risk factor management, in order to reduce the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events.

Association of Polymorphisms Modulating Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol with Susceptibility, Severity, and Progression of Rheumatoid Arthritis

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 798-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yune-Jung Park ◽  
Seung-Ah Yoo ◽  
Susanna Choi ◽  
Hee-Soo Yoo ◽  
Ho-Sung Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Radiographic Progression ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Radiographic Severity ◽  
Genotype Score

Objective.Dyslipidemia, a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, is more prevalent in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) than in the general population. We investigated whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) modulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol affect susceptibility, severity, and progression of RA.Methods.We enrolled 302 patients with RA and 1636 healthy controls, and investigated the SNP modulating LDL cholesterol. Clinical characteristics of RA, serum adipocytokine concentrations, and radiographic severity were analyzed according to genotype score based on the number of unfavorable alleles. The influence of genotype score on radiographic progression was also investigated using multivariable logistic models.Results.We identified 3 SNP (rs688, rs693, and rs4420638) modulating LDL cholesterol in Koreans, which correlated well with LDL cholesterol levels in both patients with RA and controls. Among them, 2 SNP, rs688 and rs4420638, were more prevalent in patients with RA than in controls. In patients with RA carrying more unfavorable alleles (genotype score ≥ 3), disease activity measures, serum adipocytokine levels, and radiographic severity were all increased. The genotype score was an independent risk factor for radiographic progression of RA over 2 years, and its effect was greater than the influence of conventional risk factors.Conclusion.SNP modulating LDL cholesterol influence the risk, activity, and severity of RA. These results provide the first evidence that genetic mechanisms linked to dyslipidemia may directly contribute to the susceptibility and prognosis of RA, a representative of chronic inflammatory diseases, explaining the high incidence of dyslipidemia in RA.

scholarly journals Plasma resistin levels correlate with determinants of the metabolic syndrome

2007 ◽  
Vol 156 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
G D Norata ◽  
M Ongari ◽  
K Garlaschelli ◽  
S Raselli ◽  
L Grigore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Relationship Of

Objective: The role of resistin in insulin sensitivity and obesity is controversial. Some authors suggest that increased serum resistin levels are associated with obesity, visceral fat, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and inflammation, while others failed to observe such correlations. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship of plasma resistin levels with markers of the metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis in a large population-based study. Design and patients: Plasma resistin levels were determined in 1090 subjects free of any medication selected from the PLIC study (designed to verify the presence of atherosclerotic lesions and progression intima-media thickness (IMT) in the common carotid artery in the general population) and related to the presence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, metabolic abnormalities, cardiovascular risk, and progression of IMT. Results: Plasma resistin levels were highly positively correlated with triglycerides, waist circumference, waist/hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, and ApoAI/ApoB ratio, while they were inversely correlated with high density lipoprotein and ApoAI levels. This finding was gender specific (mainly in women). Plasma resistin levels were significantly higher in women with the metabolic syndrome compared with controls (4.90 (0.24) ng/ml vs 3.90 (0.11) ng/ml; P<0.01), while no difference was observed in obese subjects. Finally, plasma resistin levels were significantlycorrelated with cardiovascular risk calculated according to the Framingham algorithm (P<0.01). Conclusion: Plasma resistin levels are increased in presence of the metabolic syndrome and are associated with increased cardiovascular risk.

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