New Magnetic Resonance Imaging Biomarkers Advance the Characterization of Parkinson Disease

US Neurology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
David A Ziegler ◽  
Suzanne Corkin ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Current State ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

The pathophysiology of idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD) is traditionally characterized as substantia nigra degeneration, but careful examination of the widespread neuropathologic changes suggests individual differences in neuronal vulnerability. A major limitation to studies of disease progression in PD has been that conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques provide relatively poor contrast for the structures that are affected by the disease, and thus are not typically used in experimental or clinical studies. Here, we review the current state of structural MRI as applied to the analysis of the PD brain. We also describe a new multispectral MRI method that provides improved contrast for the substantia nigra and basal forebrain, which we recently used to show that these structures display different trajectories of volume loss early in the disease.

scholarly journals New Magnetic Resonance Imaging Biomarkers Advance the Characterisation of Parkinson’s Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A Ziegler ◽  
Suzanne Corkin ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

The pathophysiology of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) is traditionally characterised as substantia nigra degeneration, but careful examination of the widespread neuropathological changes suggests individual differences in neuronal vulnerability. A major limitation to studies of disease progression in PD has been that conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques provide relatively poor contrast for the structures that are affected by the disease, and thus are not typically used in experimental or clinical studies. Here, we review the current state of structural MRI as applied to the analysis of the PD brain. We also describe a new multispectral MRI method that provides improved contrast for the substantia nigra and basal forebrain, which we recently used to show that these structures display different trajectories of volume loss early in the disease.

scholarly journals Perspectives on the Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for Noninvasive Evaluation of Diabetic Kidney Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2461
Author(s):  
José María Mora-Gutiérrez ◽  
María A. Fernández-Seara ◽  
Rebeca Echeverria-Chasco ◽  
Nuria Garcia-Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Major Advance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diabetic Kidney ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Renal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques are currently in vogue, as they provide in vivo information on renal volume, function, metabolism, perfusion, oxygenation, and microstructural alterations, without the need for exogenous contrast media. New imaging biomarkers can be identified using these tools, which represent a major advance in the understanding and study of the different pathologies affecting the kidney. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most important diseases worldwide due to its high prevalence and impact on public health. However, its multifactorial etiology poses a challenge for both basic and clinical research. Therefore, the use of novel renal MRI techniques is an attractive step forward in the comprehension of DKD, both in its pathogenesis and in its detection and surveillance in the clinical practice. This review article outlines the most promising MRI techniques in the study of DKD, with the purpose of stimulating their clinical translation as possible tools for the diagnosis, follow-up, and monitoring of the clinical impacts of new DKD treatments.

scholarly journals Substantia nigra neuromelanin magnetic resonance imaging in patients with different subtypes of Parkinson disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Wang ◽  
Yayun Yan ◽  
Liyao Zhang ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Ruirui Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mean Values

AbstractNeuromelanin (NM) is a dark pigment that mainly exists in neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). In Parkinson disease (PD) patients, NM concentration decreases gradually with degeneration and necrosis of dopamine neurons, suggesting potential use as a PD biomarker. We aimed to evaluate associations between NM concentration in in vivo SN and PD progression and different motor subtypes using NM magnetic resonance imaging (NM-MRI). Fifty-four patients with idiopathic PD were enrolled. Patients were divided into groups by subtypes with different clinical symptoms: tremor dominant (TD) group and postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD) group. Fifteen healthy age-matched volunteers were enrolled as controls. All subjects underwent clinical assessment and NM-MRI examination. PD patients showed significantly decreased contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) values in medial and lateral SN (P < 0.05) compared to controls. CNR values in lateral SN region decreased linearly with PD progression (P = 0.001). PIGD patients showed significant decreases in CNR mean values in lateral SN compared to TD patients (P = 0.004). Diagnostic accuracy of using lateral substantia nigra (SN) in TD and PIGD groups was 79% (sensitivity 76.5%, specificity 78.6%). NM concentration in PD patients decreases gradually during disease progression and differs significantly between PD subtypes. NM may be a reliable biomarker for PD severity and subtype identification.

scholarly journals Repeated mild traumatic brain injuries induce persistent changes in plasma protein and magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers in the rat

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Wright ◽  
Rhys D. Brady ◽  
Alaa Kamnaksh ◽  
Jack Trezise ◽  
Mujun Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Transient Nature ◽  
Neurological Abnormalities ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
And Diffusion

Abstract A single mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) typically causes only transient symptoms, but repeated mTBI (RmTBI) is associated with cumulative and chronic neurological abnormalities. Clinical management of mTBI is challenging due to the heterogeneous, subjective and transient nature of symptoms, and thus would be aided by objective biomarkers. Promising biomarkers including advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and plasma levels of select proteins were examined here in a rat model of RmTBI. Rats received either two mild fluid percussion or sham injuries administered five days apart. Rats underwent MRI and behavioral testing 1, 3, 5, 7, and 30 days after the second injury and blood samples were collected on days 1, 7, and 30. Structural and diffusion-weighted MRI revealed that RmTBI rats had abnormalities in the cortex and corpus callosum. Proteomic analysis of plasma found that RmTBI rats had abnormalities in markers indicating axonal and vascular injury, metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction, and glial reactivity. These changes occurred in the presence of ongoing cognitive and sensorimotor deficits in the RmTBI rats. Our findings demonstrate that RmTBI can result in chronic neurological abnormalities, provide insight into potential contributing pathophysiological mechanisms, and supports the use of MRI and plasma protein measures as RmTBI biomarkers.

scholarly journals Advanced Imaging Analysis in Prostate MRI: Building a Radiomic Signature to Predict Tumor Aggressiveness

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 594
Author(s):  
Anna Damascelli ◽  
Francesca Gallivanone ◽  
Giulia Cristel ◽  
Claudia Cava ◽  
Matteo Interlenghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Gleason Grade ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Grade Group ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Radiomics allows the extraction quantitative features from imaging, as imaging biomarkers of disease. The objective of this exploratory study is to implement a reproducible radiomic-pipeline for the extraction of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signature for prostate cancer (PCa) aggressiveness. One hundred and two consecutive patients performing preoperative prostate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and radical prostatectomy were enrolled. Multiparametric images, including T2-weighted (T2w), diffusion-weighted and dynamic contrast-enhanced images, were acquired at 1.5 T. Ninety-three imaging features (Ifs) were extracted from segmentation of index lesion. Ifs were ranked based on a stability rank and redundant Ifs were excluded. Using unsupervised hierarchical clustering, patients were grouped on the basis of similar radiomic patterns, whose association with Gleason Grade Group (GGG), extracapsular extension (ECE), and nodal involvement (pN) was tested. Signatures composed by IFs from T2w-images and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) maps were tested for the prediction of GGG, ECE, and pN. T2w radiomic pattern was associated with pN, ECE, and GGG (p = 0.027, 0.05, 0.03) and ADC radiomic pattern was associated with GGG (p = 0.004). The best performance was reached by the signature combing IFs from multiparametric images (0.88, 0.89, and 0.84 accuracy for GGG, pN, and ECE). A reliable multiparametric MRI radiomic signature was extracted, potentially able to predict PCa aggressiveness, to be further validated on an independent sample.

scholarly journals Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Biomarkers Predicting Cognitive Progression in Parkinson Disease: Protocol for a Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Hanna-Pladdy ◽  
Rao Gullapalli ◽  
Hegang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

BACKGROUND Cardinal features of Parkinson disease (PD) are motor symptoms, but nonmotor features such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are common early in the disease process. MCI can progress and convert to dementia in advanced stages, creating significant disability and reduced quality of life. The primary pathological substrate for cognitive decline in PD is unclear, and there are no reliable biomarkers predicting the risk of conversion to dementia. A subgroup of PD patients with visual hallucinations may display more rapid conversion to dementia, suggesting that regional markers of visuoperceptual dysfunction may be sensitive to pathologic density in posterior cortical regions. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this project is to characterize PD-MCI and evaluate the utility of genetic and neuroimaging biomarkers in predicting cognitive outcomes with a prospective longitudinal study. We will evaluate whether accelerated cognitive progression may be reflected in biomarkers of early posterior cortical changes reflective of α-synuclein deposition. METHODS We will evaluate a cohort of early-stage PD patients with the following methods to predict cognitive progression: (1) serial neuropsychological evaluations including detailed visuoperceptual functioning across 4 years; (2) genetic analysis of SNCA (α-synuclein), MAPT (microtubule-associated tau), and APOE (apolipoprotein E); (3) an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm of object recognition memory; and (4) anatomical and regional brain activation changes (resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging) across 4 years. RESULTS The project received funding from the National Institutes of Health in August 2017, and data collection began in February 2018. Enrollment is ongoing, and subjects will be evaluated annually for 4 years extended across a 5-year project including data analysis and image processing. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive, genetic, and structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging will characterize neural network changes predictive of cognitive progression in PD across 4 years. Identification of biomarkers with sensitivity for early prediction and estimation of risk for conversion to dementia in PD will pave the way for effective intervention with neuroprotective therapies during the critical stage when treatment can have the greatest impact. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPOR DERR1-10.2196/12870

scholarly journals What can computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging tell us about ventilation?

2012 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett A. Simon ◽  
David W. Kaczka ◽  
Alexander A. Bankier ◽  
Grace Parraga
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Gas Distribution ◽  
Current State ◽  
Imaging Research ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

This review provides a summary of pulmonary functional imaging approaches for determining pulmonary ventilation, with a specific focus on multi-detector x-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We provide the important functional definitions of pulmonary ventilation typically used in medicine and physiology and discuss the fact that some of the imaging literature describes gas distribution abnormalities in pulmonary disease that may or may not be related to the physiological definition or clinical interpretation of ventilation. We also review the current state-of-the-field in terms of the key physiological questions yet unanswered related to ventilation and gas distribution in lung disease. Current and emerging imaging research methods are described, including their strengths and the challenges that remain to translate these methods to more wide-spread research and clinical use. We also examine how computed tomography and MRI might be used in the future to gain more insight into gas distribution and ventilation abnormalities in pulmonary disease.

scholarly journals LAPORAN KASUS PARKINSON DISEASE DEMENTIA: ASPEK NEUROKOGNITIF DAN HALUSINASI VISUAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
Ketut Widyastuti ◽  
Anak Agung Ayu Putri Laksmidewi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Resting Tremor ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Latar Belakang: Penderita penyakit Parkinson memiliki risiko 6 kali lebih tinggi mengalami demensia dibandingkan populasi normal. Parkinson Disease Dementia (PDD) dapat terjadi setelah ataupun sebelum munculnya gejala motorik dan biasanya terlihat pada stadium lanjut. Sebaliknya, gangguan fungsi kognitif dan halusinasi visual dapat terjadi pada stadium awal. Pengenalan gejala demensia pada pasien PD sangat penting bagi klinisi sehingga bisa memberikan tatalaksana yang tepat seperti halnya gejala motorik. Kasus: Seorang wanita berusia 55 tahun dengan keluhan gangguan memori yang semakin memberat sejak setahun lalu. Gejala fluktuatif, rekuren, menetap, dan mengganggu aktivitas harian pasien. Pasien juga mengeluh sering melihat bayangan orang atau binatang tertentu terutama di malam hari. Tidak ada gangguan proses pikir atau bicara kacau. Pemeriksaan fisik didapatkan resting tremor, rigiditas, bradikinesia, hilangnya reflek postural dan tanda Myerson positif dengan stadium 4 Hoehn Yahr. Pemeriksaan neurokognitif menunjukkan gangguan atensi, memori, visuospasial, fungsi eksekutif, dan halusinasi visual. Pemeriksaan Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) kepala menunjukkan atropi otak berat. Pasien mengalami perbaikan dengan terapi farmakologis dan stimulasi kognitif. Simpulan: Pengenalan secara dini gejala motorik, non motorik, kognitif, dan gejala neuropsikiatri terutama halusinasi visual sangat penting dalam tatalaksana lanjutan yang tepat bagi pasien penyakit Parkinson . 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document