scholarly journals Nitrogen Biofertilizer Alleviates the Inhibitory Effect of Cadmium on Physiology and Nitrogen Assimilation in Maize Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 98-108
Author(s):  
Hanan Mahmoud Abou-Zeid
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Endogenous Phytohormone ◽  
And Behavior

The present study investigated the role of inoculation with Nitrobien biofertilizer (N-Bio, Azospirillum and azotobacter spp.) on the response of maize plants to cadmium-toxicity (applied as 2 and 10 mM CdSO4). Cd-stress caused a significant reduction in the fresh and dry biomass of leaves and roots as well as a marked disturbance in the anatomical features of roots and stomatal structure and behavior. Cd-stress significantly depressed the total photosynthetic pigments, photochemical efficiency of PS II, total carbohydrates, and proteins content. Furthermore, increasing Cd level prompted oxidative stress measured in terms of malondialdehyde and H2O2 contents in maize plants. Application of N-Bio improved these attributes in Cd-stressed maize plants. Moreover, NO3- uptake and its assimilating enzymes (nitrate reductase, NR; glutamine synthase, GS; and, glutamate dehydrogenase GDH) were significantly increased in N-Bio-pretreated Cd-stressed plants than Cd- stressed ones and that was associated with a decrease of NH4+ content. N-Bio pretreatment also stimulated the accumulation of amino acids and markedly increased endogenous phytohormone content (IAA, GA3) of Cd-stressed maize plants. These results revealed the potentiating effect of N-Bio pretreatment in regulating Cd-induced damages in maize plants. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

scholarly journals Effect of High-Temperature Stress on Plant Physiological Traits and Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Maize Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 867
Author(s):  
Sonal Mathur ◽  
Richa Agnihotri ◽  
Mahaveer P. Sharma ◽  
Vangimalla R. Reddy ◽  
Anjana Jajoo
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Maize Plants

Increasing high temperature (HT) has a deleterious effect on plant growth. Earlier works reported the protective role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) under stress conditions, particularly influencing the physiological parameters. However, the protective role of AMF under high-temperature stress examining physiological parameters with characteristic phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) of soil microbial communities including AMF has not been studied. This work aims to study how high-temperature stress affects photosynthetic and below-ground traits in maize plants with and without AMF. Photosynthetic parameters like quantum yield of photosystem (PS) II, PSI, electron transport, and fractions of open reaction centers decreased in HT exposed plants, but recovered in AMF + HT plants. AMF + HT plants had significantly higher AM-signature 16:1ω5cis neutral lipid fatty acid (NLFA), spore density in soil, and root colonization with lower lipid peroxidation than non-mycorrhizal HT plants. As a result, enriched plants had more active living biomass, which improved photosynthetic efficiency when exposed to heat. This study provides an understanding of how AM-mediated plants can tolerate high temperatures while maintaining the stability of their photosynthetic apparatus. This is the first study to combine above- and below-ground traits, which could lead to a new understanding of plant and rhizosphere stress.

The Role of D 1* in Light-Induced D 1 Protein Turnover in Leaves

1993 ◽  
Vol 48 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 246-250
Author(s):  
Anna J. Syme ◽  
Harald R . Bolhàr-N ordenkampf ◽  
Christa Critchley
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Intact Leaves

Abstract Light-induced degradation of the D 1 protein of photosystem II (PS II) was determined by radioactive pulse-chase labelling experiments in intact leaves of Schefflera polybotrya. PS II photochemical efficiency was monitored by measuring chlorophyll fluorescence. A significant and consistent decline in the Fv/ Fm ratio was taken to indicate photoinhibition. The formation and degradation of a modified form of the D 1 protein, D 1*, was different under photoinhibi-tory or non-photoinhibitory light conditions. At photoinhibitory irradiance greater amounts of D 1 * were formed relative to D 1, and the degradation of D 1* was slower when compared with non-photoinhibitory irradiance. The formation and degradation of D 1* were therefore shown to be at least partly light intensity dependent. Higher light intensities appeared to slow D 1* degradation, which suggests a modification in PS II turnover properties.

scholarly journals Kinetin mitigates Cd-induced damagesto growth, photosynthesis and PS II photochemistry of Trigonella seedlings by up-regulating ascorbate-glutathione cycle

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0249230
Author(s):  
Gausiya Bashri ◽  
Shikha Singh ◽  
Sheo Mohan Prasad ◽  
Mohammad Javed Ansari ◽  
Salma Usmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Plant Adaptation ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
Glutathione Cycle ◽  
Ps Ii Activity

Cytokinins (CKs) plays a key role in plant adaptation over a range of different stress conditions. Here, we analyze the effects of a cytokinin (i.e., kinetin, KN) on the growth, photosynthesis (rate of O2 evolution), PS II photochemistry and AsA–GSH cycle in Trigonella seedlings grown under cadmium (Cd) stress. Trigonella seeds were sown in soil amended with 0, 3 and 9 mg Cd kg-1 soil, and after 15 days resultant seedlings were sprayed with three doses of KN, i.e.,10 μM (low, KNL), 50 μM (medium, KNM) and 100 μM (high, KNH); subsequent experiments were performed after 15 days of KN application, i.e., 30 days after sowing. Cadmium toxicity induced oxidative damage as shown by decreased seedling growth and photosynthetic pigment production (Chl a, Chl b and Car), rates of O2-evolution, and photochemistry of PS II of Trigonella seedlings, all accompanied by an increase in H2O2 accumulation. Supplementation with doses of KN at KNL and KNM significantly improved the growth and photosynthetic activity by reducing H2O2 accumulation through the up-regulation AsA–GSH cycle. Notably, KNL and KNM doses stimulated the rate of enzyme activities of APX, GR and DHAR, involved in the AsA–GSH cycle thereby efficiently regulates the level of AsA and GSH in Trigonella grown under Cd stress. The study concludes that KN can mitigate the damaging effects of Cd stress on plant growth by maintaining the redox status (>ratios: AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG) of cells through the regulation of AsA-GSH cycle at 10 and 50 μM KN under Cd stress conditions. At 100 μM KN, the down-regulation of AsA-GSH cycle did not support the growth and PS II activity of the test seedlings.

Individual Differences in the Name Similarity Effect

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Howard ◽  
Roger A. Kerin
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Impression Management ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Brand Attitude ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Similarity Effect ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Usage Context

The name similarity effect is the tendency to like people, places, and things with names similar to our own. Although many researchers have examined name similarity effects on preferences and behavior, no research to date has examined whether individual differences exist in susceptibility to those effects. This research reports the results of two experiments that examine the role of self-monitoring in moderating name similarity effects. In the first experiment, name similarity effects on brand attitude and purchase intentions were found to be stronger for respondents high, rather than low, in self-monitoring. In the second experiment, the interactive effect observed in the first study was found to be especially true in a public (vs. private) usage context. These findings are consistent with theoretical expectations of name similarity effects as an expression of egotism manifested in the image and impression management concerns of high self-monitors.

Effect of Dipyridamole on Spontaneous Platelet Aggregation in Whole Blood Decreases with the Time After Venepuncture: Evidence for the Role of ADP

1987 ◽  
Vol 58 (02) ◽  
pp. 744-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
A R Saniabadi ◽  
G D O Lowe ◽  
J C Barbenel ◽  
C D Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Platelet ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Adp Receptor ◽  
Spontaneous Platelet Aggregation

SummarySpontaneous platelet aggregation (SPA) was studied in human whole blood at 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 60 minutes after venepuncture. Using a whole blood platelet counter, SPA was quantified by measuring the fall in single platelet count upon rollermixing aliquots of citrated blood at 37° C. The extent of SPA increased with the time after venepuncture, with a correlation coefficient of 0.819. The inhibitory effect of dipyridamole (Dipy) on SPA was studied: (a) 10 μM at each time interval; (b) 0.5-100 μM at 3 and 30 minutes and (c) 15 μM in combination with 100 μM adenosine, 8 μM 2-chloroadenosine (2ClAd, an ADP receptor blocker) and 50 μM aspirin. There was a rapid decrease in the inhibitory effect of Dipy with the time after venepuncture; the correlation coefficient was -0.533. At all the concentrations studied, Dipy was more effective at 3 minutes than at 30 minutes after venepuncture. A combination of Dipy with adenosine, 2ClAd or aspirin was a more effective inhibitor of SPA than either drug alone. However, when 15 μM Dipy and 10 μM Ad were added together, the inhibitory effect of Dipy was not increased significantly, suggesting that Dipy inhibits platelet aggregation independent of Ad. The increase in SPA with the time after venepuncture was abolished when blood was taken directly into the anticoagulant containing 5 μM 2ClAd. It is suggested that ADP released from the red blood cells is responsible for the increased platelet aggregability with the time after venepuncture and makes a serious contribution to the artifacts of in vitro platelet function studies.

Effect of human galanin on the response of circulating catecholamines to hypoglycemia in man

1995 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ettore C degli Uberti ◽  
Maria R Ambrosio ◽  
Marta Bondanelli ◽  
Giorgio Transforini ◽  
Alberto Valentini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Heart Rate Response ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Receptor Stimulation

degli Uberti EC, Ambrosio MR, Bondanelli M, Trasforini G, Valentini A, Rossi R, Margutti A, Campo M. Effect of human galanin on the response of circulating catecholamines to hypoglycemia in man. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;133:723–8. ISSN 0804–4643 Human galanin (hGAL) is a neuropeptide with 30 amino acid residues that has been found in the peripheral and central nervous system, where it often co-exists with catecholamines. In order to clarify the possible role of hGAL in the regulation of sympathoadrenomedullary function, the effect of a 60 min infusion of hGAL (80 pmol·kg−1 · min−1) on plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in nine healthy subjects was investigated. Human GAL administration significantly reduced both the release of basal norepinephrine and the response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, whereas it attenuated the epinephrine response by 26%, with the hGAL-induced decrease in epinephrine release failing to achieve statistical significance. Human GAL significantly increased the heart rate in resting conditions and clearly exaggerated the heart rate response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, whereas it had no effect on the blood pressure. We conclude that GAL receptor stimulation exerts an inhibitory effect on basal and insulin-induced hypoglycemia-stimulated release of norepinephrine. These findings provide further evidence that GAL may modulate sympathetic nerve activity in man but that it does not play an important role in the regulation of adrenal medullary function. Ettore C degli Uberti, Chair of Endocrinology, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy

PERAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PEMBAYARAN RETRIBUSI SAMPAH DI KOTA SAMARINDA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Abd Rachim AF,
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
The Public ◽  
And Behavior

One of the environmental problems in urban areas is the pollution caused by garbage. The waste problem is caused by various factors such as population growth, living standards changes, lifestyles and behavior, as well as how the waste management system. This study aims to determine how the role of society to levy payments garbage in Samarinda. This research was descriptive; where the data is collected then compiled, described and analyzed used relative frequency analysis. The participation of the public to pay a "levy junk", which stated to pay 96.67%, for each month and the rates stated society cheap, moderate and fairly, respectively 46.08%, 21.21%, 21.04%. Base on the data , the role of the community to pay "levy junk" quite high.

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